View source for Software:Chromium (web browser)

{{Short description|Open-source web browser project}}
{{Infobox software
| name = Chromium
| logo = File:Chromium Logo.svg
| screenshot = Chromium 98.0 screenshot.png
| caption = Chromium 98.0 in 2022
| author = [[Company:Google|Google]]<ref name="2008 debut"/>
| developer = Google mainly<ref name="Google devs have made 92% of commits as of 2019"/><ref name="still Google's project in 2020"/>
| released = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2008|9|2}}<ref name="2008 debut"/>
| programming language = [[C++]] primarily<ref name="source code language percentages">{{cite web |title=Chromium - Language Breakdown |url=https://www.openhub.net/p/chrome/analyses/latest/languages_summary |website=Open Hub |access-date=15 October 2021}}</ref>  [[HTML]], [[CSS]], [[JavaScript]] for [[User interface|UI]] and test suite<ref name="Chromium coding style">{{cite web |title=Chromium coding style |website=Google Open Source |publisher=Google Source |url=https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/master/styleguide/styleguide.md |access-date=22 April 2021}}</ref><ref name="web platform tests"/>
| operating system = [[Software:Windows|Windows]], [[Software:Linux|Linux]], [[Software:Android (operating system)|Android]], [[Software:IOS|iOS]], [[Software:MacOS|macOS]], [[Software:Berkeley Software Distribution|BSDs]]
| engines = [[Software:Blink (browser engine)|Blink]], [[Software:V8 (JavaScript engine)|V8]]
| platform = [[IA-32]], [[X86-64|x86-64]], [[ARM architecture|ARM]], [[AArch64|ARM64]], any C++-supported platform (source code)
| license = [[Software:BSD licenses|BSD]]<ref name="BSD license"/> and others<ref name="other FOSS licenses"/>
| website = {{URL|https://www.chromium.org/Home}}
}}

'''Chromium''' is a [[Free and open-source software|free and open-source]] [[Software:Web browser|web browser]] project, principally developed and maintained by [[Company:Google|Google]].<ref name="still Google's project in 2020"/> This [[Codebase|codebase]] provides the vast majority of [[Source code|code]] for the [[Software:Google Chrome|Google Chrome]] browser, which is [[Proprietary software|proprietary software]] and has some additional features.

The Chromium codebase is widely used. [[Software:Microsoft Edge|Microsoft Edge]], [[Software:Samsung Internet|Samsung Internet]], [[Software:Opera (web browser)|Opera]],<!--per https://gs.statcounter.com/ they're the most used --> and many other browsers are based on the code. Moreover, significant portions of the code are used by several [[Software:Application framework|app frameworks]].

Google itself does not provide an official [[Software release life cycle#Stable release|stable]] version of the Chromium browser, although it provides some official API keys for some included functionality, such as speech to text, text to speech, translation, etc. All versions released with the Chromium name and logo are [[Compiler|built]] by either The Chromium Projects, or other parties.

== Licensing ==

Chromium is an entirely [[Free and open-source software|free and open-source software]] project. The Google-authored portion is shared under the [[Software:BSD licenses#3-clause license ("BSD License 2.0", "Revised BSD License", "New BSD License", or "Modified BSD License")|3-clause BSD license]].<ref name="BSD license">{{cite web |title=BSD license |url=https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/master/LICENSE |website=Chromium repository |access-date=27 April 2021}}</ref> Other parts are subject to a variety of licenses, including [[Software:MIT License|MIT]], [[Software:GNU Lesser General Public License|LGPL]], Ms-PL, and an [[Software:Mozilla Public License|MPL]]/[[Software:GNU General Public License|GPL]]/[[Software:GNU Lesser General Public License|LGPL]] [[Multi-licensing|tri-license]].<ref name="other FOSS licenses">{{cite web |url=https://code.google.com/chromium/terms.html |title=Chromium Terms and Conditions |date=2 September 2008 |access-date=27 April 2021 |work=Google Code |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081022102106/https://code.google.com/chromium/terms.html |archive-date=22 October 2008}}</ref>

This licensing permits any party to [[Compiler|build]] the [[Codebase|codebase]] and share the resulting [[Software:Web browser|browser]] [[Executable|executable]] with the Chromium name and logo. Thus many [[Software:Linux distribution|Linux distribution]]s do this, as well as [[Software:FreeBSD|FreeBSD]] and [[Organization:OpenBSD|OpenBSD]].<ref name="Woolyss"/>

== Differences from Google Chrome ==

Chromium provides the vast majority of source code for [[Software:Google Chrome|Google Chrome]], so the name "Chromium" was chosen by Google because [[Chemistry:Chromium|chromium]] metal is used in [[Engineering:Chrome plating|chrome plating]].<ref name="2008 debut">{{cite web|url= https://blog.chromium.org/2008/09/welcome-to-chromium_02.html|title= Welcome to Chromium|author=((Google))|date=2 September 2008 |access-date=28 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.quora.com/Why-is-Google-Chrome-browser-named-as-Chrome/answer/Glen-Murphy|title=Why is Google Chrome browser named as Chrome?|last=Murphy|first=Glen|date=2012-12-18 |df=dmy-all|access-date=6 July 2020}}</ref>

=== Features ===

Chromium lacks the following Chrome features:<ref name="Woolyss">{{cite web |title=Notes on Chromium |url=https://chromium.woolyss.com/ |website=Woolyss |access-date=3 April 2021}}</ref>
*Automatic browser updates
*API keys for some [[Software:List of Google products|Google services]], including [[Browser synchronization|browser sync]]<ref name="sync2021"/>
*The [[Software:Widevine|Widevine]] [[Engineering:Digital rights management|DRM]] module
*Licensed [[Codec|codec]]s for the popular [[Advanced Video Coding|H.264]] video and [[Advanced Audio Coding|AAC]] audio formats
*[[Software:Google Chrome#User tracking concerns|Tracking mechanisms]] for usage and crash reports

=== Branding and licensing ===

While Chrome has the same [[User interface|user interface]] functionality as Chromium, it changes the color scheme to the Google-branded one. Unlike Chromium, Chrome is not open-source, so its binaries are licensed as [[Freeware|freeware]] under the ''Google Chrome Terms of Service''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/chrome/browser/privacy/eula_text.html|title=Google Chrome Terms of Service|website=www.google.com|access-date=26 September 2017}}</ref>

== Development ==

The Chromium browser [[Codebase|codebase]] contains about 35 million [[Source lines of code|source lines of code]].<ref name="source code language percentages"/>

=== Contributors ===

Chromium has been a [[Company:Google|Google]] project since its inception,<ref name="2008 debut"/><ref name="still Google's project in 2020">{{cite web|first=Stephen|last=Shankland|date=30 November 2020|title=Google gets web allies by letting outsiders help build Chrome's foundation|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/google-gets-web-allies-by-letting-outsiders-help-build-chromes-foundation/|website=CNET|access-date=27 April 2021}}</ref> and Google employees have done the bulk of the [[Software development|development]] work.<ref name="Google devs have made 92% of commits as of 2019">{{cite web|title=Intent to Explain: Demystifying the Blink Shipping Process|url=https://blog.chromium.org/2019/11/intent-to-explain-demystifying-blink.html|website=Chromium Blog|date=12 November 2019|access-date=27 April 2021}}</ref>

Google refers to this project and the offshoot [[Software:Chromium OS|Chromium OS]] as "The Chromium Projects",<ref>{{cite web |title=The Chromium Projects |url=https://www.chromium.org/ |publisher=Google |access-date=28 April 2021}}</ref> and its employees use @chromium.org [[Email|email]] addresses for this development work. However, in terms of governance, "Chromium Projects" are not independent entities; Google retains firm control of them.<ref name="still Google's project in 2020"/>

The Chromium [[Software:Web browser|browser]] codebase is widely used, so others have made important contributions,<ref name="Baek9">{{cite web|url= https://baek9.github.io/posts/2020-01-11-%ED%81%AC%EB%A1%9C%EB%AF%B8%EC%9B%80%EC%97%90_%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%AC%ED%95%98%EA%B8%B0/|url-status=live l |title=how to contribute to chromium |access-date=15 June 2022|first= Baek9|date=May 2022}}</ref> most notably [[Company:Microsoft|Microsoft]], [[Company:Igalia|Igalia]], [[Company:Yandex|Yandex]], [[Company:Intel|Intel]], [[Company:Samsung|Samsung]], LG, Opera, and [[Software:Brave (web browser)|Brave]].<ref name="Google devs have made 92% of commits as of 2019"/><ref name="still Google's project in 2020"/> Some employees of these companies also have @chromium.org email addresses.

=== Programming languages ===

[[C++]] is the primary [[Programming language|language]], comprising about half of the codebase.<ref name="source code language percentages"/> This includes the [[Software:Blink (browser engine)|Blink]] and [[Software:V8 (JavaScript engine)|V8]] [[Software engine|engines]], the implementation of [[Hypertext Transfer Protocol|HTTP]] and other [[Communication protocol|protocols]], the internal [[Web cache|caching]] system, and other essential [[Software:Web browser|browser]] components.

Some of the [[User interface|user interface]] is implemented in [[HTML]], [[CSS]], and [[JavaScript]].<ref name="Chromium coding style" /><ref name="source code language percentages"/> An extensive collection of [[Web platform|web platform]] tests are also written in these languages.<ref name="web platform tests">{{cite web |title=Web Platform Tests |url=https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/master/docs/testing/web_platform_tests.md |website=Chromium repository |access-date=27 April 2021}}</ref>

About 10% of the codebase is written in [[C (programming language)|C]].<ref name="source code language percentages"/> This is mostly from third-party [[Library (computing)|libraries]] that provide essential functionality, such as [[Software:SQLite|SQLite]] and numerous [[Codec|codec]]s.<ref>{{cite web |title=third_party - chromium/src.git - Git at Google |url=https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src.git/+/master/third_party |website=Chromium repository |access-date=27 April 2021}}</ref>

Support for [[Mobile computing|mobile]] [[Operating system|operating system]]s requires special languages: [[Java (programming language)|Java]] for [[Software:Android (operating system)|Android]], and for [[Software:IOS|iOS]] both [[Swift (programming language)|Swift]] and [[Objective-C]].<ref name="Chromium coding style"/><ref name="source code language percentages"/> (A copy of [[Company:Apple Inc.|Apple]]'s [[Software:WebKit|WebKit]] engine is also in the codebase, since it is required for iOS browsers.<ref>{{cite web |title=Open-sourcing Chrome on iOS! |year=2017 |url= https://blog.chromium.org/2017/01/open-sourcing-chrome-on-ios.html |access-date=26 April 2021}}</ref>)

=== Logistics ===

The [[Software:Bug tracking system|bug tracking system]] is a publicly accessible website.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chromium bug tracking system |url=https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/list |access-date=28 April 2021}}</ref> Participants are identified by their [[Email|email]] addresses.

The Chromium [[Continuous integration|continuous integration]] system automatically [[Compiler|builds]] and tests the codebase several times a day.<ref name="CI system">{{cite web|url=https://dev.chromium.org/developers/testing/chromium-build-infrastructure/tour-of-the-chromium-buildbot|title=Tour of the Chromium Continuous Integration Console|access-date=26 April 2021}}</ref>

Builds are identified by a four-part [[Software versioning|version number]] that is major.minor.build.patch.<ref name="dev-cal">{{cite web|url=https://www.chromium.org/developers/version-numbers|title=Version Numbers|website=The Chromium Projects|access-date=1 May 2015|date=14 March 2014|first= Mike|last= Frysinger}}</ref> This versioning scheme and the [[Branching (version control)|branch points]] that occur every six to seven weeks are from [[Software:Google Chrome|Google Chrome]] and its [[Software:Google Chrome#Release version numbers|development cycle]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1uv_dNkPVlDFG1kaImq7dW-6PasJQU1Yzpj5IKG_2coA/present?slide=id.i109|title=Chrome Release Cycle -12/16/2010 |website=Google Slides|access-date=1 May 2015|date=16 December 2010|first=Anthony|last=LaForge}}</ref>

== History ==

=== 2008 to 2010 ===

[[Software:Google Chrome|Google Chrome]] debuted in September 2008, and along with its release, the Chromium source code was also made available, allowing builds to be constructed from it.<ref name="2008 debut"/><ref name="Paul02Seo08">{{cite web|url= https://arstechnica.com/open-source/news/2008/09/google-unveils-chrome-source-code-and-linux-port.ars|title= Google unveils Chrome source code and Linux port|access-date=19 June 2010|last= Paul|first= Ryan|date=September 2008}}</ref><ref name="Paul11Dec08">{{cite web|url= https://arstechnica.com/open-source/news/2008/12/google-anticipates-a-bright-and-shiny-future-for-chrome.ars|title= Google releases Chrome 1.0|access-date=19 June 2010|last= Paul|first= Ryan|date=December 2008}}</ref>

Upon release, Chrome was criticized for storing a [[User (computing)|user]]'s [[Password|password]]s without the protection of a master password. Google has insisted that a master password provides no real [[Computer security|security]] against knowledgeable [[Hacker|hacker]]s, but users argued that it would protect against co-workers or family members borrowing a computer and being able to view stored passwords as [[Plaintext|plaintext]].<ref name="Issue1397">{{cite web |url=https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=1397|title= 1397 - Master password is missing |access-date=29 March 2011|website=bugs.chromium.org|date=March 2011}}</ref> In December 2009, Chromium developer P. Kasting stated: "A master password was issue 1397. That issue is closed. We will not implement a master password. Not now, not ever. Arguing for it won't make it happen. 'A bunch of people would like it' won't make it happen. Our design decisions are not democratic. You cannot always have what you want."<ref name="Issue812">{{cite web |url=https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=812#c69|title= 812 - Profile/login support |access-date=29 March 2011|website=bugs.chromium.org|date=March 2011}}</ref>

[[File:File-Chromium-Linux-Alpha.png|thumb|An alpha build of Chromium 3 for Linux]]

Version 3 was the first alpha available for [[Software:Linux|Linux]]. Chromium soon incorporated native theming for Linux, using the [[Software:GTK+|GTK+]] toolkit to allow it fit into the [[Software:GNOME|GNOME]] desktop environment.<ref name="Paul27May09">{{cite web|url= https://arstechnica.com/open-source/news/2009/05/hands-on-google-chromium-browser-alpha-for-linux.ars |title=Hands on: Google Chromium browser alpha for Linux |access-date=20 June 2010|last= Paul|first= Ryan|date=May 2009}}</ref><ref name="Paul05Jun09">{{cite web |url=https://arstechnica.com/open-source/news/2009/06/google-releases-chrome-preview-for-mac-os-x-and-linux.ars|title= Google releases Chrome preview for Mac OS X and Linux |access-date=20 June 2010 |last=Paul|first= Ryan|date=June 2009}}</ref><ref name="Paul08Jul09">{{cite web|url= https://arstechnica.com/open-source/news/2009/07/google-chromium-gains-native-theming-support-on-linux.ars|title= Google Chromium gains native theming support on Linux |access-date=20 June 2010|last= Paul|first= Ryan|date=July 2009}}</ref><ref name="ChromiumBlog04Jun09">{{cite web|url= https://blog.chromium.org/2009/06/danger-mac-and-linux-builds-available.html|title= Danger: Mac and Linux builds available |access-date=22 June 2010 |last=Smith|first= Mike and Karen Grunberg|date=June 2009}}</ref> Version 3 also introduced [[JavaScript engine]] optimizations and user-selectable themes.<ref name="Paul16Sep09">{{cite web |url=https://arstechnica.com/open-source/news/2009/09/chrome-3-out-javascript-performance-increased-150-since-v1.ars|title= Chrome 3 out, JavaScript performance increased 150% since v1 |access-date=20 June 2010|last= Paul|first= Ryan|date=September 2009}}</ref>

Version 6 introduced features for user interface [[Minimalism (computing)|minimalism]], as one of Google's goals was to make the browser "feel lightweight (cognitively and physically) and fast".<ref name="Chromium User Exp">{{cite web|title=User Experience |url=https://dev.chromium.org/user-experience |access-date=5 July 2009 |publisher=dev.chromium.org |year=2009 |work=Chromium Developer Documentation}}</ref> The changes were a unified tools menu, no home button by default (although user configurable), a combined reload/stop button, and the bookmark bar deactivated by default. It also introduced an integrated [[PDF]] reader, [[WebM]] and [[Software:VP8|VP8]] support for use with [[HTML5 video]], and a smarter [[URL]] bar.<ref name="OMGUbuntu11Jul10">{{cite web|url= http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2010/07/chromiums-unified-menu-great-idea-sucks.html|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100815043349/http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2010/07/chromiums-unified-menu-great-idea-sucks.html |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all |archive-date=2010-08-15 |title= Chromium's Unified Menu Comes to Daily Builds |access-date=15 July 2010|last= Sneddon |first= Joey-Elijah|date=July 2010}}</ref><ref name="Gruener11Jul10">{{cite web|url= http://www.conceivablytech.com/1770/products/chrome-6-the-naked-browser/|title= Overview: Chrome 6, The Naked Browser |access-date=14 July 2010|last= Gruener|first= Wolfgang|date=July 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120406211829/http://www.conceivablytech.com/1770/products/chrome-6-the-naked-browser |archive-date=6 April 2012}}</ref>

Version 7 boosted [[HTML5]] performance to twice that of prior versions via [[Hardware acceleration|hardware acceleration]].<ref name="NakanoAug10">{{cite web|url= http://www.cmswire.com/cms/web-publishing/chromium-7-has-arrived-and-its-not-that-awesome-008367.php|title= Chromium 7 Has Arrived and It's Not that Awesome |access-date=20 August 2010|last= Nakano |first= Chelsi|date=August 2010}}</ref><ref name="Gruener17Aug10">{{cite web|url= http://www.conceivablytech.com/2295/products/first-look-google-increases-graphics-performance-with-chrome-7/ |title= First Look: Google Increases Graphics Performance With Chrome 7 |access-date=20 August 2010 |last=Gruener |first= Wolfgang |date=August 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120724042508/http://www.conceivablytech.com/2295/products/first-look-google-increases-graphics-performance-with-chrome-7 |archive-date=24 July 2012}}</ref><ref name="Gruener08Oct10">{{cite news|url= http://www.conceivablytech.com/3391/products/a-preview-of-chrome-8-clouds-ahead/|title= A Preview of Chrome 8: Clouds Ahead |access-date=14 October 2010|last= Gruener|first= Wolfgang|date=October 2010 |work= Conceivably Tech |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120724042517/http://www.conceivablytech.com/3391/products/a-preview-of-chrome-8-clouds-ahead |archive-date=24 July 2012}}</ref>

Version 8 focused on improved integration into [[Software:Chrome OS|Chrome OS]] and improved [[Cloud computing|cloud]] features. These include background [[Web application|web application]]s, host remoting (allowing users centrally to control features and settings on other computers) and cloud printing.<ref name="Gruener08Oct10"/>

Version 9 introduced a URL bar feature for exposing [[Phishing|phishing]] attacks, plus [[Sandbox (computer security)|sandboxing]] for the [[Software:Adobe Flash|Adobe Flash]] plug-in. Other additions were the [[Software:WebGL|WebGL]] library and access for the new Chrome Web Store.<ref name="Bakke11Nov10">{{cite news |url=http://www.conceivablytech.com/4059/products/googles-next-big-browser-play-perendering-and-false-start/|title= Google's Next Big Browser Play: Prerendering and False Start? |access-date=23 October 2010|last= Bakke|first= Kurt |date=November 2010 |work= Conceivably Tech|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120724042540/http://www.conceivablytech.com/4059/products/googles-next-big-browser-play-perendering-and-false-start |archive-date=24 July 2012}}</ref><ref name="ChromiumBlog01Dec10">{{cite news |url=https://blog.chromium.org/2010/12/rolling-out-sandbox-for-adobe-flash.html|title= Rolling out a sandbox for Adobe Flash Player |access-date=1 December 2010|last= Schuh |first= Justin and Carlos Pizano |date=December 2010 |work= Chromium Blog}}</ref><ref name="Gruener04Feb11">{{cite news |url=http://www.conceivablytech.com/5491/products/chrome-9-and-11-instant-search-more-speed/ |title=Chrome 9 and 11: Instant Search, More Speed |access-date=6 February 2011 |last=Gruener |first=Wolfgang |date=February 2011 |work=Conceivably Tech |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018064658/http://www.conceivablytech.com/5491/products/chrome-9-and-11-instant-search-more-speed |archive-date=18 October 2012}}</ref>

=== 2011 ===

[[File:Chromium 11 Logo.svg|120px|thumb|Chromium logo introduced in 2011<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.techspot.com/news/42848-google-chrome-and-chromium-to-get-new-logos.html |title=Google Chrome and Chromium to get new logos |last=Protalinski |first=Emil |date=2011-03-16 |df=dmy-all |work=Conceivably Tech |access-date=2017-12-10}}</ref>]]

In February, Google announced that it was considering large-scale [[User interface|user interface]] (UI) changes, including at least partial elimination of the [[URL]] bar, which had been a mainstay of browsers since the early years of [[World Wide Web|the Web]]. The proposed UI was to be a consolidation of the row of tabs and the row of navigation buttons, the menu, and URL bar into a single row. The justification was freeing up more screen space for [[Web page|web page]] content. Google acknowledged that this would result in URLs not always being visible to the user, that navigation controls and menus may lose their context, and that the resulting single line could be quite crowded.<ref name="Gruener20Feb11">{{cite news |url=http://www.conceivablytech.com/5746/products/google-may-kill-chrome-url-bar |title=Google May Kill Chrome URL Bar |access-date=6 February 2011 |last=Gruener |first=Wolfgang |date=February 2011 |work= Conceivably Tech|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130326023943/http://www.conceivablytech.com/5746/products/google-may-kill-chrome-url-bar |archive-date=26 March 2013}}</ref> However, by August, Google decided that these changes were too risky and shelved the idea.<ref name="Gruener09Aug11">{{cite news|url= http://www.conceivablytech.com/8765/products/google-shelves-hidden-location-bar|title= Google Shelves Hidden Location Bar |access-date=9 August 2011|last= Gruener|first= Wolfgang|date=August 2011 |work= Conceivably Tech|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120406211012/http://www.conceivablytech.com/8765/products/google-shelves-hidden-location-bar |archive-date=6 April 2012}}</ref>

In March, Google announced other directions for the project. Development priorities focused on reducing the size of the [[Executable|executable]], integrating [[Web application|web application]]s and [[Plug-in (computing)|plug-ins]], [[Cloud computing|cloud computing]], and [[Engineering:Touchscreen|touch]] interface support.<ref name="Gruener22Mar11">{{cite web|url= http://www.conceivablytech.com/6390/products/google-chrome-in-2011-the-biggest-loser |title= Google Chrome in 2011: The Biggest Loser? |access-date=27 March 2011 |last= Gruener|first= Wolfgang|date=March 2011|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120818111245/http://www.conceivablytech.com/6390/products/google-chrome-in-2011-the-biggest-loser |archive-date=18 August 2012}}</ref><ref name="Shankland22Mar11">{{cite web |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-30685_3-20045776-264.html|title= Google working to reverse Chrome bloat |access-date=27 March 2011|last= Shankland|first= Stephen|date=March 2011}}</ref> Thus a multi-profile button was introduced to the UI, allowing users to log into multiple Google and other accounts in the same browser instance. Other additions were [[Malware|malware]] detection and support for hardware-accelerated [[CSS]] transforms.<ref name="Gruener19Apr11">{{cite news|url= http://www.conceivablytech.com/6908/products/google-preps-huge-ui-update-for-chrome|title= Google Preps Huge UI Update For Chrome |access-date=20 April 2011|last= Gruener|first= Wolfgang |date=April 2011 |work= Conceivably Tech|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120406211102/http://www.conceivablytech.com/6908/products/google-preps-huge-ui-update-for-chrome |archive-date=6 April 2012}}</ref><ref name="Paul10Jun11">{{cite news|url= https://arstechnica.com/open-source/news/2011/06/chrome-12-arrives-with-security-rendering-improvements.ars |title= Chrome 12 arrives with security, rendering improvements |access-date=12 June 2011|last= Paul|first= Ryan|date=June 2011 |work= [[Ars Technica]]}}</ref>

By May, the results of Google's attempts to reduce the file size of Chromium were already being noted. Much of the early work in this area concentrated on shrinking the size of [[Software:WebKit|WebKit]], the [[Image|image]] resizer, and the [[Software:Android (operating system)|Android]] build system.<ref name="Bailey04May11">{{cite news|url= http://www.conceivablytech.com/7203/products/google-trims-fat-from-chrome|title= Google Trims Fat From Chrome |access-date=5 May 2011 |last= Bailey|first= Dan|date=May 2011 |work= Conceivably Tech|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120406211131/http://www.conceivablytech.com/7203/products/google-trims-fat-from-chrome |archive-date=6 April 2012}}</ref> Subsequent work introduced a more compact mobile version that reduced the vertical space of the UI.<ref name="Paul19May11">{{cite news |url= https://arstechnica.com/software/news/2011/05/chrome-13-introduces-experimental-hidden-nav-bar-option.ars|title= Chrome 13 introduces experimental hidden nav bar option |access-date=19 May 2011|last= Paul|first= Ryan|date=May 2011 |work= [[Ars Technica]]}}</ref><ref name="Gruener19May11">{{cite news|url= http://www.conceivablytech.com/7485/products/google-is-serious-you-can-kill-chromes-url-bar|title= Google Is Serious: You Can Kill Chrome's URL Bar |access-date=19 May 2011|last= Gruener |first=Wolfgang|date=May 2011 |work= Conceivably Tech|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120419081802/http://www.conceivablytech.com/7485/products/google-is-serious-you-can-kill-chromes-url-bar |archive-date=19 April 2012}}</ref>

Other changes in 2011 were GPU acceleration on all pages, adding support for the new Web Audio API, and the [[Software:Google Native Client|Google Native Client]] (NaCl) which permits native code supplied by third parties as platform-neutral binaries to be securely executed within the browser itself.<ref name="Bailey02Jun11">{{cite news |url= http://www.conceivablytech.com/7747/products/no-more-updates-for-firefox-4-chromium-14-released|title= No More Updates For Firefox 4, Chromium 14 Released |access-date=3 June 2011|last= Bailey|first= Dan|date=June 2011 |work= Conceivably Tech|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120406211200/http://www.conceivablytech.com/7747/products/no-more-updates-for-firefox-4-chromium-14-released |archive-date=6 April 2012}}</ref><ref name="Paul18Sep11">{{cite news|url= https://arstechnica.com/open-source/news/2011/09/chrome-14-arrives-with-improved-lion-support-and-nacl.ars|title= Chrome 14 arrives with improved Lion support and NaCl |access-date=20 September 2011|last= Paul|first= Ryan|date=September 2011 |work= [[Ars Technica]]}}</ref> Google's [[Software:Skia Graphics Engine|Skia]] graphics library was also made available for all Chromium versions.<ref name="Bailey18Sep11">{{cite news|url= http://www.conceivablytech.com/9400/products/3d-web-browsing-sneaks-into-google-chrome|title= 3D Web Browsing Sneaks into Google Chrome |access-date=19 September 2011|last= Bailey |first= Dan|date=September 2011 |work= Conceivably Tech |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120818161953/http://www.conceivablytech.com/9400/products/3d-web-browsing-sneaks-into-google-chrome |archive-date=18 August 2012}}</ref><ref name="Bailey22Sep11">{{cite news|url= http://www.conceivablytech.com/9448/business/google-to-switch-chromium-for-mac-graphics-to-skia|title= Google To Switch Chromium For Mac Graphics to Skia |access-date=19 September 2011|last= Bailey|first= Dan |date=September 2011 |work= Conceivably Tech|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120616125718/http://www.conceivablytech.com/9448/business/google-to-switch-chromium-for-mac-graphics-to-skia |archive-date=16 June 2012}}</ref>

=== Since 2012 ===
[[File:Chromium Material Icon.svg|thumb|120px|The Chromium Material Icon used until 2022]]
The [[Browser synchronization|sync service]] added for Google Chrome in 2012 could also be used by Chromium builds.<ref name="Mathias15May12">{{cite web|url= http://chrome.blogspot.ca/2012/05/keeping-tabs-on-your-tabs.html|title= Keeping tabs on your tabs |access-date=15 May 2012|last= Mathias|first= Raz |date=15 May 2012}}</ref><ref name="Paul16May12">{{cite news|url= https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2012/05/hands-on-with-the-new-tab-synchronization-feature-in-chrome-19/|title= Hands-on with the new tab synchronization feature in Chrome 19 |access-date=19 May 2012|last= Paul|first= Ryan |date=16 May 2012 |work= [[Ars Technica]]}}</ref> The same year, a new API for high-quality video and audio communication was added, enabling [[Web application|web application]]s to access the user's [[Webcam|webcam]] and [[Microphone|microphone]] after asking permission to do so.<ref name="Grunberg31Jul12">{{cite web|url= http://googlechromereleases.blogspot.ca/2012/07/stable-channel-release.html|title= Stable Channel Release |access-date=31 July 2012|last= Grunberg|first= Karen |date=31 July 2012}}</ref><ref name="Paul31Jul12">{{cite news|url= https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2012/07/chrome-21-launches-with-webcam-api-and-retina-mac-support/|title= Chrome 21 launches with webcam API and retina Mac support |access-date=15 August 2012|last= Paul|first= Ryan |date=31 July 2012 |work= [[Ars Technica]]}}</ref> Then GPU accelerated video decoding for Windows and support for the [[QUIC]] protocol were added.<ref name="Chrome06Nov12">{{cite web|url= https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2012/11/stable-channel-release-and-beta-channel.html|title= Stable Channel Release and Beta Channel Update 23.0.1271.64|access-date=6 November 2012|last= Grunberg|first=Karen|publisher = [[Company:Google|Google]]|date=6 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Issue 11125002: Add QuicFramer and friends. - Code Review|url=https://chromiumcodereview.appspot.com/11125002|access-date=2020-12-25 |df=dmy-all|website=chromiumcodereview.appspot.com}}</ref>

In 2013, Chromium's modified [[Software:WebKit|WebKit]] [[Software:Browser engine|rendering engine]] was officially [[Software:Fork (software development)|forked]] as the [[Software:Blink (browser engine)|Blink]] engine.<ref>{{cite web |last=Barth |first=Adam |url=https://blog.chromium.org/2013/04/blink-rendering-engine-for-chromium.html |title=Chromium Blog: Blink: A rendering engine for the Chromium project |publisher=Blog.chromium.org |date=3 April 2013 |access-date=14 June 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130404034320/http://blog.chromium.org/2013/04/blink-rendering-engine-for-chromium.html |archive-date=4 April 2013 |df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Peter |last=Bright |title=Google going its own way, forking WebKit rendering engine |url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2013/04/google-going-its-own-way-forking-webkit-rendering-engine/ |website=[[Ars Technica]] |publisher=Conde Nast |date=3 April 2013 |access-date=9 March 2017}}</ref>

Other changes in 2013 were the ability to reset user profiles and new [[Software:Browser extension|browser extension]] APIs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://download.cnet.com/8301-2007_4-57599447-12/chrome-29-adds-a-reset-button/#!|title=Chrome 29 adds a reset button|access-date=8 April 2014|last=Cho|first=Eddie|date=20 August 2013|publisher=CNET}}</ref> Tab indicators for audio and webcam usage were also added, as was automatic blocking of files detected as [[Malware|malware]].<ref name="Chrome32Release">{{cite news |url=http://googlechromereleases.blogspot.ca/2014/01/stable-channel-update.html|title= Stable Channel Update |access-date=14 January 2014 |last=Grunberg |first=Karen and Daniel Xie |date=14 January 2014 |work=Google Chrome Release Notes}}</ref>

Version 69 introduced a new browser theme, as part of the 10th anniversary of Google Chrome.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tehnoblog.org/how-to-fix-google-chrome-browser-new-round-design-revert-it-back/|title=Google Chrome Browser – New Material Design – 10 Years Anniversary |website=TehnoBlog.org}}</ref> The same year, new measures were added to curtail abusive advertising.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/2018/12/06/chrome-71-stomps-on-abusive-advertising/ |title= Chrome 71 stomps on abusive advertising|access-date=7 December 2018|last = Bradbury |first = Danny|work = Naked Security |date=6 December 2018}}</ref>

Starting in March 2021, the Google Chrome sync service can no longer be used by Chromium builds.<ref>{{cite web|title=Limiting private API availability in Chromium|url=https://blog.chromium.org/2021/01/limiting-private-api-availability-in.html|access-date=20 March 2021}}</ref><ref name="sync2021">{{cite web|title=Chromium sync Google API removed|date=24 January 2021|url=https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2021/01/chromium-sync-google-api-removed|access-date=20 March 2021}}</ref>

== {{anchor|BrowserList}} Browsers based on Chromium ==

In addition to Google Chrome, many other notable web browsers have been based on the Chromium code.

=== Active ===

*[[Software:Amazon Silk|Amazon Silk]]
*[[Software:Avast Secure Browser|Avast Secure Browser]] developed by [[Company:Avast|Avast]]
*[[Software:Beaker (web browser)|Beaker]], a [[Peer-to-peer|peer-to-peer]] web browser
*[[Software:Blisk (browser)|Blisk]] is a browser available for Windows 7 and later, OS X 10.9 and later that aims to provide an array of useful tools for [[Web development]].
*[[Software:Brave (web browser)|Brave]] is an open-source web browser that aims to block website trackers and remove intrusive internet advertisements.
*[[Company:CodeWeavers|CodeWeavers]] CrossOver Chromium is an unofficial bundle of a [[Software:Wine|Wine]] derivative and Chromium Developer Build 21 for Linux and macOS, first released on 15 September 2008 by CodeWeavers as part of their CrossOver project.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.codeweavers.com/about/people/blogs/jwhite/2008/9/15/fire-drills-and-proving-a-point|title= Fire Drills and Proving a Point|date=15 September 2008|publisher=[[Company:CodeWeavers|CodeWeavers]]|access-date=2 May 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.codeweavers.com/services/ports/chromium/|title=CrossOver Chromium|access-date=18 September 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080918005705/http://www.codeweavers.com/services/ports/chromium/|archive-date=18 September 2008}}</ref>
*[[Software:Comodo Dragon|Comodo Dragon]] is a rebranded version of Chromium for 32-bit Windows 8.1, 8, Windows 7 and Vista<!-- but not "and XP", their homepage seems outdated, as it still says "XP" (and not "10")--><ref>{{cite web|url=https://forums.comodo.com/-t113775.0.html|title=Comodo Dragon 46 is now available for download. - News/ Announcements/ Feedback - CD|work=comodo.com|access-date=31 March 2017}}</ref> produced by the [[Company:Comodo Group|Comodo Group]]. According to the developer, it provides improved security and privacy features.<ref name="Dragon">{{cite web|url= http://www.comodo.com/home/browsers-toolbars/browser.php|title= Comodo Dragon Internet Browser|access-date=28 June 2010|last= Comodo Group|year= 2010}}</ref>
*[[Software:Cốc Cốc|Cốc Cốc]] is a freeware web browser focused on the Vietnamese market, developed by Vietnamese company Cốc Cốc, based on Chromium open-source code for Windows.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.techinasia.com/coccoc-corom-vietnam|title=Tech in Asia - Connecting Asia's startup ecosystem|website=www.techinasia.com}}</ref> According to data published by [[Company:StatCounter|StatCounter]] in July 2013, Cốc Cốc has passed [[Software:Opera (web browser)|Opera]] to become one of the top 5 most popular browsers in Vietnam<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gs.statcounter.com/|title=StatCounter Global Stats - Browser, OS, Search Engine including Mobile Usage Share|website=StatCounter Global Stats}}</ref> within 2 months after its official release.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://coccoc.com/vi/news/coc-coc-ra-mat-trinh-duyet-internet-rieng-cho-thi-truong-viet-nam|title=Cốc Cốc &#124; Cốc Cốc ra mắt trình duyệt Internet riêng cho thị trường Việt Nam|website=Cốc Cốc Search Engine}}</ref>
*[[Social:Gab (social network)#Dissenter|Dissenter]] is a fork of Brave browser that adds a comment section to any URL.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Conklin|first=Audrey|date=July 10, 2020|title=What is Gab.com?|url=https://www.foxbusiness.com/technology/what-is-gab|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808002826/https://www.foxbusiness.com/technology/what-is-gab|archive-date=August 8, 2020|access-date=August 9, 2020|website=Fox Business|language=en-US}}</ref>
*[[Software:Epic (web browser)|Epic Browser]] is a privacy-centric web browser developed by Hidden Reflex of {{wipe|India}} and based on Chromium source code.<ref name="pcworld">{{cite web
|url=http://www.epicbrowser.com/FAQ.html
|title=FAQS
|website=epic the privacy browser
|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>
*[[Software:Falkon|Falkon]] an open-source Qt-based GUI, using the Chromium-based QtWebEngine.<ref name="QtWebEngine"/>
*[[Software:Qutebrowser|qutebrowser]] a Qt-based GUI with Vim-like keybindings, using the Chromium-based QtWebEngine.<ref name=Qutebrowser>{{cite web|url=https://qutebrowser.org/doc/faq.html|title=Frequently asked questions|website=qutebrowser.org}}</ref>
*[[Software:Microsoft Edge|Microsoft Edge]] is Chromium-based as of 15 January 2020.<ref>{{citation|last=Belfiore|first=Joe|title=New year, new browser – The new Microsoft Edge is out of preview and now available for download |df=dmy-all|date=2019-01-15|url=https://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2020/01/15/new-year-new-browser-the-new-microsoft-edge-is-out-of-preview-and-now-available-for-download/|publisher=Microsoft}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://github.com/MicrosoftEdge/MSEdge/blob/7d69268e85e198cee1c2b452d888ac5b9e5995ca/README.md |title=Microsoft Edge and Chromium Open Source: Our Intent |date=6 December 2018 |publisher=Microsoft Edge Team |access-date=8 December 2018}}</ref>
*[[Software:Naver Whale|Naver Whale]] is a South Korean [[Freeware|freeware]] [[Software:Web browser|web browser]] developed by Naver Corporation, which is also available in English. It became available on Android on 13 April 2018.
*[[Software:Opera (web browser)|Opera]] began to base its web browser on Chromium with version 15.<ref name="Opera15">{{cite web |last=Lawson |first=Bruce |title=A first peek at Opera 15 for Computers |url=https://dev.opera.com/blog/a-first-peek-at-opera-15-for-computers/ |date=28 May 2013 |work=Opera Developer News |access-date=24 November 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607164906/http://my.opera.com/ODIN/blog/2013/05/28/a-first-peek-at-opera-15-for-computers |archive-date=7 June 2013}}</ref>
*[[Software:360 Secure Browser|Qihoo 360 Secure Browser]] is a Chromium-based Chinese web browser developed by Qihoo.<ref>{{cite web
| title= 360安全浏览器帮助中心
| author= processZ (产品经理)
| work= 360社区
| date= 2016-07-15
| access-date= 2017-06-21
| df=dmy-all
| url= http://bbs.360.cn/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=14294828
| language= zh
| quote= 升级内核至Chromium 45 内核
}}</ref>
*[[Software:SalamWeb|SalamWeb]] is a web browser based on Chromium for Muslims, which only allows Halal websites/information.
*[[Software:Samsung Internet|Samsung Internet]] shipped its first Chromium-based browser in a [[Engineering:Samsung Galaxy S4|Galaxy S4]] model released in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2016/10/whats-the-deal-with-the-samsung-internet-browser/|title=What's The Deal with the Samsung Internet Browser?|last=Koch|first=Peter-Paul|work=Smashing Magazine|date=11 October 2016}}</ref>
*[[Software:Sleipnir (web browser)|Sleipnir]] is a Chromium derivative browser for Windows and macOS. One of its main features is linking to Web apps (Facebook, Twitter, Dropbox, etc.) and smartphone apps (Google Map, etc.). It also boasts what it calls "beautiful text," and has unique graphical tabs, among other features.<ref>{{cite web|last=The Fenrir website|title=The Sleipnir product web page|url=http://www.fenrir-inc.com/us/sleipnir/|work=The luxury advanced web browser, with beautiful text&nbsp;...|publisher=Fenrir Inc.|access-date=12 March 2014}}</ref>
*[[Software:SlimBrowser|Slimjet]]: A Chromium-based web browser released by FlashPeak that features built-in webpage translation, PDF viewing capability and a PPAPI flash plugin, features usually missing from Chromium-based browsers currently not supported.
*[[Software:SRWare Iron|SRWare Iron]] is a [[Freeware|freeware]] release of Chromium for Windows, macOS and Linux, offering both installable and portable versions. Iron disables certain configurable Chromium features that could share information with third parties and additional tracking features that Google adds to its Chrome browser.<ref>{{cite web|title=Chrome vs Iron|url=https://www.srware.net/en/software_srware_iron_chrome_vs_iron.php|work=The SR Ware website|publisher=SR Ware; Stefan Ries|access-date=12 March 2014}}</ref>
*[[Software:Torch (browser)|Torch]] is a browser based on Chromium for Windows. It specialises in media downloading and has built-in media features, including a torrent engine, video grabber and sharing button.<ref name="Torch Browser">{{cite web|url= http://www.neowin.net/news/torch-browser-fast-web-browser-bittorrent-client-and-video-downloader|title= Torch Browser: Fast web browser, BitTorrent client and video downloader|last= Serea |first= Razvan Mihai Asmanow |year= 2012}}</ref>
*[[Software:Ungoogled-chromium|ungoogled-chromium]] is a browser based on Chromium. Initially developed for [[Software:Linux|Linux]], versions for Windows and MacOS were later added. It removes Google services built into Chromium.<ref>{{Cite web|title=GitHub - Eloston/ungoogled-chromium: Google Chromium, sans integration with Google|url=https://github.com/Eloston/ungoogled-chromium|access-date=2021-08-13|website=GitHub|language=en}}</ref>
*[[Software:Vivaldi (web browser)|Vivaldi]] is a browser for Windows, macOS and Linux developed by Vivaldi Technologies.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vivaldi.net/en-US/blogs/teamblog/item/16-new-snapshot-with-an-update-for-chromium-and-auto-update-on-windows|archive-url=https://archive.today/20160111234158/https://vivaldi.net/en-US/blogs/teamblog/item/16-new-snapshot-with-an-update-for-chromium-and-auto-update-on-windows|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 January 2016|title=Home - Vivaldi Forum|work=vivaldi.net|access-date=31 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thenextweb.com/apps/2015/01/27/meet-vivaldi-new-browser-former-ceo-opera/|title=Meet Vivaldi, A New Browser From the Former CEO of Opera|first=Owen|last=Williams|date=27 January 2015|work=thenextweb.com|access-date=31 March 2017}}</ref> Chromium-based Vivaldi aims to revive the rich features of the Presto-era Opera with its own proprietary modifications.
*[[Software:Yandex Browser|Yandex Browser]] is a browser created by the Russian software company [[Company:Yandex|Yandex]] for macOS, Windows, Linux, Android and iOS.<ref name="Yandex Browser">{{Cite web|url=https://browser.yandex.com/|title=Yandex Browser — neat, convenient and smart|website=browser.yandex.com}}</ref> The browser integrates Yandex services, which include a [[Search engine|search engine]], a [[Machine translation|machine translation]] service and [[Cloud computing|cloud storage]]. On Android it provides ability to install chrome extensions on a mobile browser.<ref name="How to install extensions to the mobile Yandex Browser for Android">{{Cite web|url=https://edwardsrailcar.com/android/how-to-install-extensions-to-the-mobile-yandex/|title=How to install extensions to the mobile "Yandex.Browser" for Android|website=edwardsrailcar.com}}</ref>

=== Discontinued ===

*[[Software:Flock (web browser)|Flock]] – a browser that specialized in providing social networking and had [[Social:Web 2.0|Web 2.0]] facilities built into its user interface. It was based on Chromium starting with version 3.0. Flock was discontinued in April 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/wireStory?id=10926024|title=Flock Browser Gets Faster, Friendlier With Upgrade|access-date=17 June 2010|date=16 June 2010|author=Iedtke, Michael|publisher=ABC}}</ref><ref name="OMG">{{cite news|url= http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2011/04/end-of-the-line-for-flock-social-browser/|title= End of the line for Flock social browser|access-date=15 April 2011|last= Sneddon|first= Joey|date=April 2011 |work= OMG Ubuntu}}</ref>
*[[Software:Redcore|Redcore]] – a browser developed by Chinese company Redcore Times (Beijing) Technology Ltd. and marketed as a domestic product that was developed in-house, but was revealed to be based on Chromium<ref name="scmp">{{cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/tech/article/2160072/redcore-ceo-admits-100pc-china-developed-browser-built-googles-chrome-says|title=Redcore CEO admits '100pc China-developed browser' is built on Google's Chrome, says writing code from scratch would 'take many years'|website=South China Morning Post|date=2018-08-17|access-date=2018-08-17|language=en|first=Sarah|last=Dai|url-status=live|archive-date=2018-08-17 |df=dmy-all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817065421/https://www.scmp.com/tech/article/2160072/redcore-ceo-admits-100pc-china-developed-browser-built-googles-chrome-says}}</ref>
*[[Software:Rockmelt|Rockmelt]] – a Chromium-based browser for Windows, macOS, Android and iOS under a commercial [[Proprietary software|proprietary licence]]. It integrated features from Facebook and Twitter, but was discontinued in April 2013 and fully retired at 10am PT on 31 July 2013.<ref name="Rockmelt">{{cite web|url= http://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/rockmelt-browser-builds-in-social-tools/|title= RockMelt browser builds in social tools|access-date=27 November 2010 |last=Duncan|first=Geoff|year= 2010}}</ref><ref name="Rockmelt 2">{{cite web|url= http://blog.rockmelt.com/post/55124002701/rockmelt-browser-retirement-july-31-2013|title= Rockmelt Blog|access-date=16 July 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130831144936/http://blog.rockmelt.com/post/55124002701/rockmelt-browser-retirement-july-31-2013 |archive-date=31 August 2013}}</ref> On 2 August 2013, Rockmelt was acquired by [[Company:Yahoo!|Yahoo!]] Rockmelt's extensions and its website was shut down after 31 August 2013. Yahoo! plans to integrate Rockmelt's technology into other products.<ref>{{cite web|first=Stuart |last=Dredge |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/appsblog/2013/aug/05/yahoo-rockmelt-acquisition-mobile-browsers |title=Yahoo buys social web-browser startup Rockmelt but shuts down its apps &#124; Technology |work=theguardian|date=2013-08-05 |access-date=2013-11-03 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

== Use in app frameworks ==

Significant portions of the Chromium code are used by some [[Software:Application framework|application framework]]s. Notable examples are [[Software:Electron (software framework)|Electron]], the [[Software:Chromium Embedded Framework|Chromium Embedded Framework]], and the [[Software:Qt|Qt]] WebEngine.<ref name="QtWebEngine">{{cite web|url=http://doc.qt.io/qt-5/qtwebengine-overview.html|title=Qt WebEngine Overview - Qt WebEngine 5.11|website=doc.qt.io|access-date=21 October 2018}}</ref> These frameworks have been used to create many apps.

== References ==

{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==


{{Timeline of web browsers|2010s}}
{{Web browsers}}
{{Google FOSS}}


[[Category:Cloud clients]]
[[Category:Cross-platform free software]]
[[Category:Free software programmed in C++]]
[[Category:Free web browsers]]
[[Category:Google software]]
[[Category:MacOS web browsers]]
[[Category:Portable software]]
[[Category:Software using the BSD license]]
[[Category:Windows web browsers]]

{{Sourceattribution|Chromium (web browser)}}