View source for Social:Tai Hongjin language

{{Infobox language
|name=Tai Hongjin
|nativename=
|states={{wipe|China}}
|speakers=85,000 
|date=2000 census
|ref=e18
|familycolor=Tai–Kadai
|fam2=Tai
|fam3=Southwestern (Thai)
|fam4=?
|iso3=tiz
|glotto=taih1246
|glottorefname=Tai Hongjin
}}
'''Tai Hongjin''' ({{zh|红金傣语}}) is a Tai language of southern {{wipe|China}}. Dialects may not be mutually intelligible.

Speakers of Tai Hongjin live in the Red River (红河 or 元江) and Jinsha River (金沙江) watershed regions of south-central Yunnan. Most are Buddhists, but few are Theravada.

==Dialects==
Tai Hongjin can be split into five dialects, which are often mutually unintelligible (Zhou 2001:14).

*'''Yuánxīn 元新''' (''Yuanyang-Xinping''): Honghe County 红河县, Yuanyang County 元阳县 of ''Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture 红河州''; Xinping Yi and Dai Autonomous County 新平彝族傣族自治县 of ''Yuxi City 玉溪市''.
*'''Yǒngwǔ 永武''' (''Yongren-Wuding''): Yongren County 永仁县, Wuding County 武定县, Lufeng County 禄丰县, Dayao County 大姚县 &mdash; all in ''Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture 楚雄彝族自治州''.
*'''Mǎguān 马关''': Maguan County of ''Wenshan Prefecture''.
*'''Yuánjiāng 元江''': Honghe County 红河县, Yuanyang County 元阳县 of ''Honghe Prefecture 红河州''; Yuanjiang County 元江县 of ''Yuxi City 玉溪市''.
*'''Lǜshí 绿石''' (''Lüchun-Shiping''): Lüchun County 绿春县, Shiping County 石屏县, Jianshui County 建水县 &mdash; all in ''Honghe Prefecture 红河州''. This dialect has more open rimes and nasal finals.

The total number of Tai Hongjin speakers combined is 136,000 (Zhou 2001:14). A related but separate Tai language called '''Dǎi Jīnpíng''' (金平傣语) is spoken in Jinping County 金平县, Honghe Prefecture 红河州, which Zhou (2001) reports as having 15,400 speakers.<ref>The Dai Jinping data point studied in Zhou (2001) is that of Xinmeng village 新勐村, Mengla township 勐拉乡, Jinping County 金平县.</ref> This language has its own [[Social:Writing systems of Southeast Asia|traditional script]] as well (see Zhou 2001:379).

===Heipu===
'''Heipu''' 黑蒲 (autonym: '''Kalang''' 卡郎 ''{{IPA|kʰa˧lun˨˩}}''; also called '''Baiyi''' 摆彝 by the Han Chinese) is a variety of ''Tai Ya'' 傣雅 spoken by 118 people in the 2 villages<ref>[http://www.doc88.com/p-97281176367.html 云南民族识别参考资料] (1955), p.69</ref> of Shitouzhai 石头寨<ref>http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=250526</ref> and Xiaomiao 小庙<ref>http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=250527</ref> in Panlong Township 盘龙乡, District 5 五区, Xinping County, Yunnan (You 2013:268).<ref name="You2013">You Weiqiong [尤伟琼]. 2013. ''Classifying ethnic groups of Yunnan'' [云南民族识别研究]. Beijing: Ethnic Publishing House [民族出版社].</ref> Heipu 黑蒲 is a Han Chinese exonym referring to their practice of [[Medicine:Teeth blackening|teeth blackening]]. In Xinping County, the Heipu also refer to themselves as the ''Tai Kha'' 傣卡 (You 2013:336).<ref name="You2013"/> It is mutually intelligible with Tai Ya as spoken in District 4 四区 of Xinping County. However, Heipu is unique in that it has only 4 tones, and has lost the final stops -p, -t, -k. Heipu is not to be confused with 2 other groups of the same name:

*''Heipu'' 黑蒲, an ethnic Zhuang group in Lijiang County, Yunnan with a population of 675 (You 2013:55).<ref name="You2013"/>
*''Heipu'' 黑蒲, an ethnic Bulang group in Mojiang County, Yunnan with the autonym ''Wa'' 娃 (You 2013:335-336).

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
*Xing Gongwan [邢公畹]. 1989. Upper Hongjin Dai Ya Language [红河上游傣雅语]. Language Publishing House [语文出版社].
*Zhou Yaowen [周耀文]. 2001. A Study of Dai Dialects [傣语方言研究]. Ethnic Publishing House [民族出版社].

== External links ==
* 283-word wordlist in Wuding Tianxin Tai dialect archived with [[Social:Kaipuleohone|Kaipuleohone]]
{{Languages of China}}
{{Tai-Kadai languages}}

[[Category:Languages of China]]

{{Sourceattribution|Tai Hongjin language|1}}