View source for Social:Naming rights

{{short description|Legal right to give a name to a facility or event}}
[[File:Delta-center.jpg|thumb|right|The main indoor arena in Salt Lake City was known as the Delta Center from 1991 to 2006. In 2023, Delta Air Lines re-bought the naming rights.]]
[[File:Energysolutionsarena.jpg|thumb|right|The arena in Salt Lake City pictured in 2006, a temporary banner covering the previous branding]]

'''Naming rights''' are a financial transaction and form of [[Finance:Advertising|advertising]] or memorialization whereby a corporation, person, or other entity purchases the right to name a facility, object, location, program, or event (most often a sports venue), typically for a defined period of time.  For properties such as multi-purpose arenas, performing arts venues, or sports fields, the term ranges from three to 20 years.  Longer terms are more common for higher profile venues such as professional sports facilities.<ref>Kamiya, Setsuko, "[http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20110920i1.html You name it: Rights for more municipal sites go on sale]", ''Japan Times'', 20 September 2011, p. 3.</ref>

The distinctive characteristic for this type of naming rights is that the buyer gets a marketing property to promote products and services, promote [[Social:Customer retention|customer retention]] and/or increase market share.

There are several forms of corporate sponsored names. For example, a ''presenting sponsor'' attaches the name of the corporation or brand at the end (or, sometimes, beginning) of a generic, usually traditional, name (e.g. Mall of America Field at Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome); or, a ''title sponsor'' replaces the original name of the property with a corporate-sponsored one (as is the case with most sponsored sports venues), with no reference to the previous name.

==Stadium naming==
Stadium naming may have shifted in recent years to promoting corporate trade names, but in earlier decades is largely traced to the family names of company founders.

The record for the highest amount paid for naming rights belongs to Crypto.com Arena. On November 17, 2021, a 20-year, US$700 million sponsorship deal was reached between Anschutz Entertainment Group and Singapore-based [[Company:Crypto.com|Crypto.com]] to rename Los Angeles's Staples Center (the Staples office supply store chain was the previous naming rights holder to the arena, having held them since the venue's opening in 1999). The home of the NHL's Los Angeles Kings and NBA's Los Angeles Lakers and Clippers became known as Crypto.com Arena on December 25, 2021.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.tsn.ca/talent/mlse-agrees-to-record-arena-rights-deal-with-scotiabank-1.842133|title=MLSE agrees to record arena rights deal with Scotiabank - Article - TSN|date=2017-08-29|work=TSN|access-date=2017-08-29}}</ref>

Prior to the Crypto.com Arena deal, the record belonged to Toronto's Scotiabank Arena (formerly the Air Canada Centre, which opened in 1999), which garnered a deal of CA$800 million (US$517 million) over 20 years starting in 2018.<ref>Wolf, Barnet D. [http://www.columbusdispatch.com/dispatch/content/business/stories/2007/04/29/naming.ART_ART_04-29-07_F1_0I6GVNE.html "The Name Game: Company banners flying on more college stadiums, arenas"]{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''The Columbus Dispatch'', April 29, 2007. Accessed May 20, 2007.</ref>

The New Meadowlands Stadium, shared home of the New York Giants and New York Jets in East Rutherford, New Jersey, US, was expected to eclipse both deals, with experts estimating it would value US$25–30 million annually.<ref>Frankston Lorin, Janet. [http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5jhSGeZ_W7GuqeX1YWBdQK6DcABEwD8UNLAO00, "Prices of Stadium Sponsorships Soar"], February 10, 2008, Associated Press.{{dead link|date=November 2012|bot=Legobot}}</ref> It ultimately fell short of that benchmark, with MetLife Stadium earning $17 million annually from its naming rights deal with [[Company:MetLife|MetLife]].<ref>{{cite news |author=Caroom, Eliot |title=MetLife Stadium naming deal official for Meadowlands home of Giants, Jets |url=http://www.nj.com/business/index.ssf/2011/08/metlife_stadium_naming_deal_of.html |newspaper=The Star-Ledger |date=August 24, 2011 |access-date=August 24, 2011}}</ref>

Occasionally, the purchaser of a stadium's naming rights may choose to donate those rights to an outside organization, typically one to which it is closely related. Probably the most notable example of this is Friends Arena, a major stadium in [[Place:Stockholm|Stockholm]]. The facility was originally known as [[Company:Swedbank|Swedbank]] Arena, but in 2012 that company donated those rights to the Friends Foundation, an organization heavily sponsored by Swedbank that seeks to combat [[Social:School bullying|school bullying]].<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20120328005599/en/Swedbank-Arena-Friends-Arena |title=Swedbank Arena becomes Friends Arena |author=Swedbank |publisher=Business Wire |date=2012-03-28 |access-date=2019-01-02}}</ref> More recently, the Kentucky Farm Bureau, an organization promoting the interests of Kentucky farmers that is best known to the non-farming public for its insurance business, acquired the naming rights to the [[Organization:University of Kentucky|University of Kentucky]]'s new baseball park in 2018. The Farm Bureau in turn donated those naming rights to the Kentucky Department of Agriculture, naming the venue Kentucky Proud Park. The sponsored name is the brand used by said state agency in its marketing campaign for agricultural products produced in that state.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.kentucky.com/sports/college/kentucky-sports/uk-baseball/article220292935.html |title=New UK baseball stadium now has a name. Here's who bought the rights |first=Jennifer |last=Smith |newspaper=Lexington Herald-Leader |date=October 19, 2018 |access-date=December 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106012357/https://www.kentucky.com/sports/college/kentucky-sports/uk-baseball/article220292935.html|archive-date=November 6, 2018}}</ref>

===In the United States===
[[File:Ct900.jpg|thumb|right|Citizens Bank Park baseball stadium in Philadelphia; naming rights were purchased by Citizens Financial Group in 2003 for 20 years at $95 million.]]
[[File:Gillette Stadium03.jpg|thumb|right|Scoreboard in Gillette Stadium, near Boston, in 2007 with multiple sponsor logos visible]]
[[File:Allianz Arena at night.jpg|thumb|right|Allianz Arena, Munich, Germany, whose naming rights were purchased by the financial services company Allianz SE]]

Naming rights in United States may have been traced back to 1912 with the opening of Fenway Park in Boston. The stadium's owner had owned a realty company called "Fenway Realty" (itself, like the stadium, named for a nearby parkland), so the promotional value of the naming may have likely been considered.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Boston's Royal Rooters |author=Nash, Peter J. |year=2005 |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |isbn=0-7385-3821-3 |page=45 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fa4xVOCgtt4C&pg=PA45}}</ref> Despite this, it is more widely believed to have begun in 1926 when William Wrigley, the chewing gum magnate and owner of the Chicago Cubs, named his team's stadium "Wrigley Field". In 1953, Anheuser-Busch head and St. Louis Cardinals owner August Busch, Jr. proposed renaming Sportsman's Park, occupied by the Cardinals, "Budweiser Stadium".<ref name=bwtggvbp>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Qmg1AAAAIBAJ&sjid=xCMEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3602%2C4272766 |newspaper=Times-News |location=Hendersonville, North Carolina |agency=United Press |title=Budweiser tag given baseball park in St. Louis |date=April 10, 1953 |page=8}}</ref>  When this idea was rejected by Ford Frick, the Commissioner of Baseball at that time, Anheuser-Busch then proposed the title "Busch Stadium" after one of the company's founders.  The name was readily approved, and Anheuser-Busch subsequently released a new product called "Busch Bavarian Beer" (now known as Busch Beer). The name would later be shifted to the Busch Memorial Stadium in 1966, shortened in the 1970s to "Busch Stadium" and remained the stadium's name until it closed in 2005. By that time, Major League Baseball's policy had changed&nbsp;– with Coors Field in Denver and Miller Park in Milwaukee going up in that span&nbsp;– and Anheuser-Busch (who retained the naming rights after selling the team) was able to use the same name for the Cardinals' new stadium which opened on April 4, 2006. Foxboro Stadium, the home of the New England Patriots between 1971 and 2001, was an early example of a team selling naming rights to a company that did not own it, naming the stadium Schaefer Stadium after the beer company from its opening until 1983.

The public reaction to this practice is mixed. Naming rights sold to new venues have largely been accepted, especially if the buyer is well-established and has strong local connections to the area, such as the cases of Rich Stadium (now Highmark BlueCross BlueShield Stadium) in the Buffalo suburb of Orchard Park, Heinz Field (now Acrisure Stadium) in Pittsburgh, and Coors Field in Denver. Selling the naming rights to an already-existing venue has been notably less successful, as in the attempt to rename Candlestick Park in {{wipe|San Francisco}} to [[Company:3Com|3Com]] Park. The general public (and some media outlets) continued to call the facility what it had been known as for over three decades&nbsp;– i.e. Candlestick Park. After the agreement with 3Com expired, the rights were resold to [[Company:Monster Cable|Monster Cable]], and the stadium was renamed Monster Park. San Francisco voters responded by passing an initiative (Proposition H)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.smartvoter.org/2004/11/02/ca/sf/meas/H/|title=Proposition H: Naming the Stadium at Candlestick Point - San Francisco County, CA|website=www.smartvoter.org}}</ref> in the November 2004 elections that essentially stipulated the name must revert to Candlestick Park once the contract with Monster expired in 2008. The initiative proved largely ceremonial, however, and it was overturned by the passage of Proposition&nbsp;C in 2009 in response to desperate economic times.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://courses.ischool.berkeley.edu/i202/f09/blog/prop-c-insert-name-highest-bidder-here-park.html|title=Prop C: [insert name of highest bidder here] Park &#124; i202 Fall 2009|website=courses.ischool.berkeley.edu}}</ref> The naming rights to the park were never resold and the stadium was closed and demolished in 2014.

===Outside the United States===
Sports stadiums with naming rights deals are most common in but not limited to the United States. "Named" stadiums can be found in countries including Australia, Japan, China, Finland, Canada, Israel and Germany, where 8 of the 10 largest football stadiums have their naming rights sold to corporate sponsors.  The practice is widening in the United Kingdom; for instance the current stadium of Bolton Wanderers is the Toughsheet Community Stadium (after 17 years as Reebok Stadium, 4 as Macron Stadium and 5 as the University of Bolton stadium) and Arsenal Football Club's stadium (opened for the 2006/2007 season) is the Emirates Stadium, their previous ground being Arsenal Stadium. In cricket, the most famous example is The Oval, home of Surrey County Cricket Club. It has had several sponsors over the years, and is currently known as "The [[Company:Kia|Kia]] Oval", having originally been known as the "Kennington Oval", after the district of London in which it is located.

== Other examples ==

While the highest prices have traditionally been paid for stadium rights, many companies and individuals have found that selling their naming rights can be an important consideration in funding their business. Since the early 2000s, many new categories have opened up, such as the selling of the rights to name a new monkey species for $650,000.<ref>[http://www.nbcnews.com/id/7493711/ Internet Casino buys monkey naming rights] Associated Press (2005), nbcnews.com</ref>

===Public transit===
[[File:Penn medicine station 1.jpg|thumb|right|Penn Medicine Station in Philadelphia, with naming rights acquired by the University of Pennsylvania Health System]]

Naming rights to public transit stations have been sold in Las Vegas and Philadelphia (NRG station, Jefferson Station, and Penn Medicine station).<ref>[http://www.septa.org/media/releases/2010/06-24.html "SEPTA Board Approves Station Naming Rights Agreement"], SEPTA</ref> Such sales have been contemplated in New York<ref>[http://www.gothamist.com/archives/2005/01/19/a_subway_subway.php "A Subway Subway?"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060614202209/http://www.gothamist.com/archives/2005/01/19/a_subway_subway.php |date=2006-06-14 }}, Gothamist</ref> and Boston, and ruled out in San Francisco.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.commondreams.org/headlines01/0226-01.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716182807/http://www.commondreams.org/headlines01/0226-01.htm|title=Subway Sponsor Plan Irks Some Bostonians<!-- Bot generated title -->|archivedate=July 16, 2012}}</ref>  A sponsorship for the MBTA's State Street station by [[Company:Citizens Financial Group|Citizens Bank]] lasted from 1997 to 2000.  In Tampa, naming rights for both streetcar stations and rolling stock are available.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tecolinestreetcar.org/advertising/streetcar_ratecard.pdf|title=TECO Line Ad Rates|website=tecolinestreetcar.org}}</ref>

In December 2016, the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority approved a naming rights policy for its facilities and routes, but later rescinded the policy two months later over potential lawsuits for skipping sponsors.<ref>{{cite news |last=Nelson |first=Laura J. |date=December 27, 2016 |title='I just hope it's not too awkward': The names of Metro stations and bus lines are now for sale |url=http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-metro-corporate-naming-policy-20161227-story.html |work=The Los Angeles Times |access-date=February 24, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Scauzillo |first=Steve |date=February 23, 2017 |title=Metro rescinds policy to sell corporate naming rights to rail lines, stations |url=http://www.sgvtribune.com/general-news/20170223/metro-rescinds-policy-to-sell-corporate-naming-rights-to-rail-lines-stations |work=San Gabriel Valley Tribune |access-date=February 24, 2017}}</ref>

Examples outside of the United States include Madrid Metro where the metro line Line 2 and the station Sol was renamed from 2013 to 2016 after the mobile phone operator Vodafone,<ref>{{Cite news|last=EFE|date=2016-06-02|title=La estación de Sol recupera su nombre y pierde el 'apellido' Vodafone|language=es|work=El País|url=https://elpais.com/ccaa/2016/06/01/madrid/1464772817_857166.html|access-date=2021-11-18|issn=1134-6582}}</ref> and  Monumento Station in the Manila Light Rail Transit System in the {{wipe|Philippines}}, which was renamed Yamaha Monumento Station on February 14, 2018, after renovations.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pharpartnerships.com/pharnews/2018/2/21/lrt-1-station-is-now-yamaha-monumento |title=LRT-1 Station is now Yamaha Monumento |date=February 14, 2018 |access-date=August 2, 2020}}</ref>

===Sports===
Naming rights in the realm of sports is common for both stadiums and sports competitions and series. In addition, some sports teams adopt a name of the sponsor as their team or club name (see List of sports clubs named after a sponsor).

===Competitions===
In association football, leagues and cup competitions sometimes adopt the name of their sponsors. For example, {{wipe|England}}'s Premier League was known as the Barclays Premier League until 2016, and its FA Cup is officially the Emirates FA Cup.<ref>{{cite news |last=Gibson |first=Owen |date=April 28, 2015 |title=FA Cup set to be renamed in £30m Emirates sponsorship deal |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/apr/28/fa-cup-sponsorship-emirates |work={{wipe|The Guardian}} |access-date=February 24, 2017}}</ref> The Premier League announced in 2015 that it would not accept a title sponsorship beginning in the 2016–17 season.<ref>{{cite news |date=June 4, 2015 |title=Premier League closes door on title sponsorship from 2016-17 season |url=http://www.espnfc.com/barclays-premier-league/story/2479193/premier-league-closes-door-on-sponsorship-from-2016-17 |work=ESPN FC |access-date=February 24, 2017}}</ref> Since 2020, the French Professional Football Ligue adopted the name of Ligue 1 Uber Eats.

[[File:2011 Alamo Bowl Terrance Ganaway touchdown.jpg|thumb|right|Action during the 2011 Alamo Bowl, with the logo of the corporate sponsor, Valero, at mid-field]]
In college football, most bowl games have modified their traditional names in favor of title sponsors, and in some cases have abandoned their traditional names. While most include their traditional name in some form (e.g. the Rose Bowl Game presented by [[Company:Prudential Financial|Prudential]]), some have moved to sponsor-only names (e.g. the Gator Bowl was known for four playings as the TaxSlayer Bowl), a move that generally is treated with consternation from fans.<ref>{{cite book|title=Sports Sponsorship: Principles and Practices|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zQs3AAAAQBAJ|pages=70–76}}</ref> Some newer bowl games have been named after title sponsors since inception—for example, the Blockbuster Bowl, original named after Blockbuster Video when it debuted in 1990, has gone through multiple sponsorship and naming changes; for its December 2023 playing, it was known as the Pop-Tarts Bowl. 

Team names and even whole leagues have occasionally been sold to corporate sponsors as well (examples include the New York Red Bulls in the former case, the NET10 Wireless Arena Football League for the latter), but this is generally rare in the United States and more common in other parts of the world.

During the 1980s, sanctioned auto races in NASCAR and IndyCar began to abandon their traditional names in favor of exclusive sponsor names. The trend expanded rapidly in NASCAR such that in 1991, all 29 races in the Winston Cup Series featured sponsor names (including the Daytona 500, which was given a presenting sponsor as the ''Daytona 500 by STP''), with little or no reference to the original names. As of the 2010s, very few exceptions remain in NASCAR (such as the Daytona 500, which no longer uses the presenting sponsor), and typically races without sponsor names only lack them because a suitable sponsor could not be secured in enough time. IndyCar follows suit, with most races (except the very traditional Indianapolis 500) embracing title sponsorship. Sports media coverage (such as ESPN news reports) typically refer to races by the town in which the home race track is held, avoiding the use of sponsored names in news coverage.<ref>{{cite book|title=The 200 MPH Billboard|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uCyjVKHVpNkC|pages=36–38}}</ref>

===Media===
Television and radio series, especially in the early days of each medium in the early-mid 20th century, frequently sold the naming rights to their programs to sponsors, most of whom bankrolled the program; examples include ''The Fleischmann's Yeast Hour'',<ref>{{cite book|title=The Rise of Yeast|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yu9IDwAAQBAJ|page=67 |first=Nicholas P. |last=Money |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=2018 |isbn=978-0198749707}}</ref> ''Texaco Star Theatre'' and ''The Philco Television Playhouse''. This form of sponsorship fell out of favor in the late 1950s, although later examples include ''Mutual of Omaha's Wild Kingdom'', which originally aired from 1963 to 1988. One of the last surviving examples is the now irregularly-airing ''Hallmark Hall of Fame'', on the air since 1951.

===Unofficial naming rights===
The [[Company:International Star Registry|International Star Registry]] is a commercial company that since 1979 has sold unofficial naming rights to stars (''i.e.'', the [[Astronomy:Astronomical object|astronomical object]]s).  The naming services are limited to an entry in a book, and carry no scientific or official authenticity according to professional astronomers.<ref name=Bob>{{cite book|author=Bob Berman|title=Strange Universe: The Weird and Wild Science of Everyday Life--on Earth and Beyond|url=https://archive.org/details/strangeuniversew00berm|url-access=registration|year=2003|publisher=Henry Holt and Company|isbn=978-0-8050-7328-7|page=[https://archive.org/details/strangeuniversew00berm/page/158 158]}}</ref><ref name=FAQ>ISR FAQ, [http://www.starregistry.com/faq.cfm FAQ] from ''International Star Registry''</ref><ref name=plait>{{cite book|title=Bad Astronomy|author=Philip C. Plait|publisher={{wipe|John Wiley & Sons}}|isbn=0-471-40976-6|date=2002-03-05}}</ref><ref name=archive>"The OFFICIAL Star Naming FAQ" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20031008085352/http://home.columbus.rr.com/starfaq/ archived] at [[Internet Archive]]</ref>

== Social connotations ==
In some places, and especially in the UK and United States, the naming or renaming of arenas or events is usually met with disapproval from the general public. Some people see it as an example of a [[Philosophy:Selling out|selling out]],<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4485821.stm "Glastonbury: a corporate sell-out?"], BBC</ref><ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/music/2005/aug/26/3 "Dreading festival"], ''{{wipe|The Guardian}}'', 26 August 2005</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.golfchannel.com/|title=Golf News, Tournaments, Tours & Leaderboards|website=Golf Channel}}</ref><ref>[http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/comments/0,22023,24540298-661,00.html "Farewell Telstra Dome"], ''Herald Sun''</ref> especially when they see no obvious benefit to themselves. They often refuse to use a new name, preferring instead to use a non-branded name, especially in colloquial situations. [[Social:Rebranding|Rebranding]] can also lead to confusion.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/columnists/david-lister/david-lister-could-o2-stop-spoiling-my-rock-gigs-1001097.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220618/https://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/columnists/david-lister/david-lister-could-o2-stop-spoiling-my-rock-gigs-1001097.html |archive-date=2022-06-18 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=David Lister: Could O2 stop spoiling my rock gigs? |last1=Lister |first1=David |date=2008-11-08 |work=The Independent |access-date=16 May 2011}}</ref> In such cases, there may be a lengthy period during which the property is known by both names. A common example is Willis Tower in {{wipe|Chicago}} which was and often still is referred to as the "Sears Tower", even though the building was sold in 1994 (but retained its former name until 2003).<ref>{{cite web |last1=McClelland |first1=Edward |date=5 June 2019 |title=Chicagoans Refuse to Call These Places by Their Real Names |url=https://www.chicagomag.com/city-life/june-2019/chicagoans-refuse-to-call-these-places-by-their-real-names/ |access-date=1 December 2022 |website=Chicago Magazine |publisher=Chicago Magazine}}</ref>

Sporting events such as the FIFA World Cup, UEFA Euro, [[Social:Olympic Games|Olympic Games]] and the Paralympic Games prohibit the use of corporate-sponsored name on stadiums, construing the practice as a form of [[Finance:Ambush marketing|ambush marketing]]. Any stadium that uses a corporate-purchased name must always be referred to in all event-related media (including live broadcasts) by a generic name (e.g., General Motors Place was referred to as "Canada Hockey Place" during the 2010 Winter Olympics). On the other hand, Toyota Stadium was referred to as "City of Toyota Stadium" during the 2019 Rugby World Cup to avoid confusion as a form of ambush marketing, although the stadium is '''not''' named after [[Company:Toyota|Toyota Motor Corporation]], but the name of the city in which the stadium is located. The regular corporate signage of a site, including billboards and deck advertising, is usually covered up in these cases; in the FIFA case the signage is replaced solely with FIFA sponsors. However, with the near-universal use of [[Engineering:Light-emitting diode|LED]] ribbon boards, scoreboards, and sideline boardings since the mid-2000s in most major league sites where only known sponsors have advertising displayed, "neutralizing" an arena has become a much easier process than in the past.

Regina, Saskatchewan's REAL District was formerly named "Evraz Place"; when discussing its 2022 rebranding, its owner Regina Exhibition Association Limited stated that it had sometimes received shipments and communications meant for the Evraz steel company&nbsp;– mistakenly believing that the company's North American division was based there.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-02 |title=Regina's Evraz Place to be renamed the 'REAL District' |url=https://regina.ctvnews.ca/regina-s-evraz-place-to-be-renamed-the-real-district-1.5802404 |access-date=2022-03-04 |website=CTV News Regina |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Keeping it REAL: Evraz Place now known as the REAL District |url=https://www.cjme.com/2022/03/02/773323/ |access-date=2022-03-04 |website=980 CJME |language=en}}</ref> However, the main motivation for accelerating the name change was the perceived need to disassociate with the steel company, largely owned by Russian oligarchs, following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

== Nonprofit usage ==
A nonprofit organization has the option to recognize a major gift from a donor by bestowing naming rights to a property in recognition of the financial support.  This is not a financial transaction in the style of the private sector. For example, in honor of the more than $60 million donated over the years by one donor to the National Air and Space Museum properties, the directors of the Smithsonian Institution chose to name its satellite facility in Loudoun County, Virginia, after the donor, calling it the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/a-centurys-roar-and-buzz-96331504/ |last=Small |first=Lawrence M. |title=A Century’s Roar and Buzz: Thanks to an immigrant’s generosity, the Steven Udvar-Hazy Center opens its massive doors to the public |magazine=Smithsonian |date=December 2003 |accessdate=January 14, 2024}}</ref>

Walgreen Coast, a portion of the coast of [[Earth:Antarctica|Antarctica]], was so named because the Walgreens pharmacy chain sponsored the Byrd Antarctic Expedition.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://geonames.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=gnispq:5:::NO::P5_ANTAR_ID:16206|title=Antarctica Detail|website=geonames.usgs.gov}}</ref>

== See also ==
* List of cultural entities with sole naming rights
* List of sponsored sports venues
* [[Engineering:Sponsor (commercial)|Sponsor (commercial)]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.espn.go.com/sportsbusiness/s/stadiumnames.html List of American corporate-named sports venues] on ESPN.com

{{DEFAULTSORT:Naming Rights}}
[[Category:Brand management]]

{{Sourceattribution|Naming rights}}