View source for Social:List of emerging technologies

{{Short description|New technologies actively in development}}
{{dynamic list}}


This is a '''list of emerging technologies''', [[Philosophy:Emerging technologies|in-development technical innovations]] with significant potential in their applications. The criteria for this list is that the technology must:

# Exist in some way; purely [[Unsolved:Hypothetical technology|hypothetical technologies]] cannot be considered emerging and should be covered in the [[Unsolved:List of hypothetical technologies|list of hypothetical technologies]] instead. However, technologies being actively researched and prototyped are acceptable.
# Have a Wikipedia article or adjacent citation covering them.
# Not be widely used yet. Mainstream or extensively commercialized technologies can no longer be considered emerging.

Listing here is not a prediction that the technology will become widely adopted, only a recognition of significant ''potential'' to become widely adopted or highly useful if ongoing work continues, is successful, and the work is not overtaken by other technologies.

==Agriculture==
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| [[Engineering:Agricultural robot|Agricultural robot]]ics<ref name="Develop agricultiural robots for future use">{{Cite journal|year=2023|first1=I A|last1=Starostin|first2=A V|last2=Eshchin|first3=S A|last3=Davydova|doi=10.1088/1755-1315/1138/1/012042|title=Global trends in the development of agricultural robotics|journal=IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science |volume=1138 |page=012042 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>A review of automation and robotics for the bio-industry. Journal of Biomechatronics Engineering Vol. 1, No. 1, (2008) 37–54</ref>
|  [[Research and development]], trial projects
|[[Engineering:Automation|Automation]] of [[Earth:Agriculture|agriculture]]
|[[Engineering:Agricultural drone|Agricultural drone]]
|-
| [[Engineering:Closed ecological system|Closed ecological system]]s
|  Research and development,<ref>[http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/528.html NASA – Investigation of a Closed Ecological System.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113165741/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/528.html|date=13 November 2013}} nasa.gov</ref><ref>Ben Armentrout, and Heidi Kappes. Studies in Closed Ecological Systems: Biosphere in a Bottle</ref><ref>Frieda B. Taub Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics Vol. 5, (1974), pp. 139–160</ref> working demonstrators (e.g. Biosphere 2)
|  Agriculture, scientific research, [[Engineering:Space colonization|space colonization]]
| Greenhouse, [[Engineering:Eden Project|Eden Project]], Bioshelter, [[Earth:Seawater greenhouse|Seawater greenhouse]]
|-
| [[Biology:Cultured meat|Cultured meat]]
| Research and development, trials<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/health/article1787979.ece|title=Is in vitro meat the future?|access-date=7 December 2012|work=The Times|date=9 May 2008|archive-date=10 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110203152/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/health/article1787979.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=econ25212>{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/node/21548147|title=Artificial meat: Hamburger junction|access-date=3 March 2012|newspaper=The Economist|date=25 February 2012|archive-date=2 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302111049/http://www.economist.com/node/21548147|url-status=live}}</ref>
|  Humane, resource-efficient, healthier, and cheaper meat<ref name=econ25212/>
| New Harvest
|-
| [[Earth:Atmospheric water generator|Atmospheric water generator]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=McFadden |first=Christopher |date=2021-12-27 |title=Can We Ever Adopt a Scalable Water-From-Air Device? |url=https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/can-we-adopt-a-scalable-water-from-air-device |access-date=2023-09-26 |website=interestingengineering.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
| Working prototype
|[[Earth:Agriculture|agriculture]] in [[Earth:Semi-arid climate|semi-arid land]]
|[[Physics:Desorption|Desorption]]
|-
| [[Engineering:Nanotechnology in agriculture|Nanotechnology in agriculture]]
| Commercialization<ref>{{Cite web |last=Markets |first=Research and |title=Global Nano Urea Market Report to Reach $3.43 Billion by 2035 |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/global-nano-urea-market-report-to-reach-3-43-billion-by-2035--301596015.html |access-date=2023-09-26 |website=www.prnewswire.com |language=en}}</ref>
|[[Earth:Agriculture|agriculture]]
|Nano Urea<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-08-12 |title=Nano urea sales reach 1.12 crores bottles so far this fiscal: Govt |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/indl-goods/svs/chem-/-fertilisers/nano-urea-sales-reach-1-12-crores-bottles-so-far-this-fiscal-govt/articleshow/93528105.cms |access-date=2023-09-26 |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>
|-
| [[Engineering:Vertical farming|Vertical farming]]
|  Research, development, experiments, and diffusion<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/node/17647627|title=Vertical farming – Does it really stack up?|access-date=18 November 2011|newspaper=The Economist|date=9 December 2010|archive-date=15 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111115181659/http://www.economist.com/node/17647627|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite news|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/0,1518,775754,00.html|title=Vertical Farming – Can Urban Agriculture Feed a Hungry World?|access-date=18 November 2011|publisher=Spiegel|date=22 July 2011|archive-date=15 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111115175456/http://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/0,1518,775754,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://inhabitat.com/vertical-harvest-of-jackson-hole-will-grow-organic-produce-even-in-the-winter/|title=Vertical Harvest of Jackson Hole Will Grow Organic Produce Even in Winter|access-date=29 August 2013|publisher=Inhabitat|date=6 June 2012|archive-date=22 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922145357/http://inhabitat.com/vertical-harvest-of-jackson-hole-will-grow-organic-produce-even-in-the-winter/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|  Space-efficient farming and space travel applications<ref name=":0" />
|
|}

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|[[Engineering:Active structure|Active structure]]
|Research, development, commercialization
|Adaptive structures that respond to different conditions, or supermassive buildings and infrastructure (e.g. [[Astronomy:Space fountain|space fountain]]s)
|
|-
|[[Engineering:Arcology|Arcology]]
|Research, development, commercialization
|
|{{section link|Photobioreactor|Outlook}}
|-
|[[Engineering:Domed city|Domed city]]
|Planned feature for Mall of the World<ref>{{cite <!--press ?--> news |url=http://www.wam.ae/en/news/emirates/1395267427436.html |title=Mohammed Bin Rashid launches 'Mall of the World', a temperature-controlled pedestrian city in Dubai |date=5 July 2014}}</ref><ref name="8 July 2014">{{cite web |url=http://www.dubaifaqs.com/mall-of-the-world-dubai.php |title=Mall of the World in Dubai |website=dubaifaqs.com |date=8 July 2014}}</ref><ref name="twentyfour">{{cite news |url=http://www.emirates247.com/news/government/dubai-s-mohammed-bin-rashid-city-collaboration-with-universal-studios-over-100-hotel-facilities-2012-11-26-1.484515 |title=Dubai's Mohammed Bin Rashid City: Collaboration with Universal Studios, over 100 hotel facilities: Will also boast largest mall in the world and park bigger than London's Hyde Park |work=Emirates 24/7 |date=26 November 2012}}</ref>
|Weather-controlled city, [[Engineering:Space colonization|colonization of other celestial bodies]]
|
|}

==Electronics, IT, and communications==
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|[[6G (network)|6G cellular communications]]<ref name="Applications, trends, technologies, and open research problems in 6G wireless">{{Cite journal|year=2019|first1=Walid|last1=Saad|first2=Mehdi|last2=Bennis|first3=Mingzhe|last3=Chen|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8869705|s2cid=67856161|doi=10.1109/MNET.001.1900287|title=A Vision of 6G Wireless Systems: Applications, Trends, Technologies, and Open Research Problems|journal=IEEE Network |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=134–142 |arxiv=1902.10265}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2019 |title=Do More › New & Next 6G: What It Is & When to Expect It |url=https://www.lifewire.com/6g-wireless-4685524 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925033116/https://www.lifewire.com/6g-wireless-4685524 |archive-date=25 September 2019 |access-date=24 September 2019 |publisher=Lifeewire}}</ref>
|Conceptual
|[[Engineering:Mobile phone|Mobile phone]]s
|
|-
|[[Artificial general intelligence]]
|Hypothetical, experiments<ref>{{cite news |date=17 February 2011 |title=IBM's Watson supercomputer crowned Jeopardy king |publisher=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-12491688 |url-status=live |access-date=17 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110218052011/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-12491688 |archive-date=18 February 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=18 November 2011 |title=MIT scientists take a step closer to artificial intelligence |publisher=Computer Weekly |url=http://www.computerweekly.com/news/2240111287/MIT-scientists-take-a-step-closer-to-artificial-intelligence |url-status=live |access-date=18 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120234439/http://www.computerweekly.com/news/2240111287/MIT-scientists-take-a-step-closer-to-artificial-intelligence |archive-date=20 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=3 November 2011 |title=How innovative is Apple's new voice assistant, Siri? |publisher=New Scientist |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg21228365.300-how-innovative-is-apples-new-voice-assistant-siri.html |url-status=live |access-date=4 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303205714/http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg21228365.300-how-innovative-is-apples-new-voice-assistant-siri.html |archive-date=3 March 2012}}</ref>
|Creating intelligent devices and [[Engineering:Robot|robot]]s; AI can counsel (or even take charge) in scientific projects, government, army, corporate governance, film and books creation, inventions etc.
|[[Progress in artificial intelligence]], [[Philosophy:Technological singularity|technological singularity]], [[Applications of artificial intelligence|applications of artificial intelligence]]
|-
| [[Biometrics]]
| Diffusion
|
|
|-
|[[Finance:Blockchain|Blockchain]]
|Diffusion, commercialization
|[[Finance:Finance|Finance]], [[Finance:Digital currency|Digital currency]], [[Art]], [[Philosophy:Universal basic income|Universal basic income]], [[Social:Identity (social science)|Identity (social science)]]
|[[Software:Bitcoin|Bitcoin]], [[Finance:Ethereum|Ethereum]]
|-
|[[Chemistry:Carbon nanotube field-effect transistor|Carbon nanotube field-effect transistor]]
|Research and development
|Future miniaturization of transistors
|
|-
|Cashierless store
|Limited commercialization
|
|
|-
|[[Engineering:Civic technology|Civic technology]]
|Research and development, projects
|Smart cities, more responsive government
|[[Social:Smart city|Smart city]], [[Social:E-democracy|e-democracy]], [[Open data|open data]], [[Intelligent environment|intelligent environment]]
|-
| [[Engineering:Digital scent technology|Digital scent technology]]
| Diffusion
|
| [[Chemistry:Smell-O-Vision|Smell-O-Vision]], [[Chemistry:ISmell|iSmell]]
|-
|[[Biology:DNA digital data storage|DNA digital data storage]]
|Experiments
|Mass data storage
|
|-
| [[Chemistry:Electronic nose|Electronic nose]]
|  Research, limited commercialization<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2011/nov/07/tuberculosis-electronic-nose-device|title=Tuberculosis breakthrough as scientists get funds for 'electronic nose'|access-date=4 December 2011|work=The Guardian|date=7 November 2011|archive-date=1 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131001060623/http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2011/nov/07/tuberculosis-electronic-nose-device|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/personal-tech/computing/Now-a-mobile-phone-that-can-smell/articleshow/10642819.cms|title=Now, a mobile phone that can smell|access-date=4 December 2011|work=The Times of India|date=7 November 2011|archive-date=22 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522174919/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/personal-tech/computing/Now-a-mobile-phone-that-can-smell/articleshow/10642819.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
| Detecting spoiled food, [[Chemistry:Chemical weapon|chemical weapon]]s, and cancer
| 
|-
|Emerging memory technologies
([[T-RAM]], CBRAM, [[SONOS]], RRAM, [[Racetrack memory|racetrack memory]], [[Company:Nano-RAM|NRAM]], [[Phase-change memory|phase-change memory]], [[FJG RAM]], [[Millipede memory|millipede memory]], [[Physics:Skyrmion|Skyrmion]], [[Programmable metallization cell|programmable metallization cell]], [[Ferroelectric RAM|ferroelectric RAM]], [[Magnetoresistive RAM|magnetoresistive RAM]], [[NvSRAM|nvSRAM]])
|In development
|
|
|-
|Emerging magnetic data storage technologies
(SMR, HAMR, [[Engineering:Patterned media|BPM]], MAMR, TDMR, CPP/GMR, PMR, [[Engineering:Hard disk drive|hard disk drive]])
|In development (HAMR, [[Engineering:Patterned media|BPM]]); diffusion ([[Physics:Shingled magnetic recording|SMR]])
|Greatly improved storage density compared to current HDDs, can be combined
|
|-
| [[E-textiles]]
|  Research, diffusion<ref>{{cite news|url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/semiconductors/materials/electronic-cotton|title=Electronic Cotton|access-date=4 March 2012|publisher=IEEE Spectrum|date=January 2012|archive-date=23 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423085316/https://spectrum.ieee.org/semiconductors/materials/electronic-cotton|url-status=live}}</ref>
|Wearable technology
|
|-
|[[Exascale computing]]
|Projects
|
|
|-
|Exocortex
|Diffusion of primitive amplifications; working prototypes of more; Hypothetical, experiments on more substantial amplification
|
|
|-
| [[Engineering:Flexible electronics|Flexible electronics]]
|  Research, development, prototypes, limited commercialization (e.g. [[Engineering:Samsung Galaxy Fold|Samsung Galaxy Fold]])
| Flexible and/or foldable electronic devices, and flexible [[Physics:Solar cell|solar cell]]s which are lightweight, can be rolled up for launch, and are easily deployable
| Nokia Morph, [[Chemistry:Flexible organic light-emitting diode|Flexible organic light-emitting diode]]
|-
|[[Engineering:Optical disc#Fourth-generation|Fourth-generation optical discs]] ([[Physics:3D optical data storage|3D optical data storage]], [[Holographic data storage]])
|Research, prototyping<ref>{{cite news |date=28 April 2009 |title=G.E.'s breakthrough can put 100 DVDs on a disc |work=Tehran Times|url=http://www.tehrantimes.com/index_View.asp?code=193312 |url-status=live |access-date=29 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150918234904/http://www.tehrantimes.com/index_View.asp?code=193312 |archive-date=18 September 2015}}</ref>
|Storing and archiving data previously erased for economic reasons
|Blu-ray Disc, [[Engineering:Optical storage|Optical storage]]
|-
|Hybrid forensics<ref>Adams, R., Mann, G., & Hobbs, V. (2017). ISEEK, a tool for high speed, concurrent, distributed forensic data acquisition''. Paper presented in Valli, C. (Ed.).'' ''The Proceedings of 15th Australian Digital Forensics Conference 5–6 December 2017, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia DOI 10.4225/75/5a838d3b1d27f'' [http://ro.ecu.edu.au/adf/171/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180325184204/http://ro.ecu.edu.au/adf/171/|date=25 March 2018}}</ref>
|Research, commercialization
|Digital forensics, electronic discovery, malware detection, IT compliance
|
|-
|[[Engineering:Li-Fi|Li-Fi]]
|Demos, requires standardization
|
|[[Engineering:Laser communication in space|Laser communication in space]]
|-
|[[Machine vision]]
|Research, prototyping, commercialization<ref name="telegraph1">{{cite news |date=21 June 2011 |title=The big plan to build a brain |work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/roger-highfield/8587577/The-big-plan-to-build-a-brain.html |url-status=dead |access-date=18 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715093541/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/roger-highfield/8587577/The-big-plan-to-build-a-brain.html |archive-date=15 July 2011}}</ref>
|[[Biometrics]], controlling processes (e.g., in driverless car, [[Engineering:Automated guided vehicle|automated guided vehicle]]), detecting events (e.g., in visual surveillance), interaction (e.g., in [[Human–computer interaction|human–computer interaction]]), robot vision
|[[Computer vision]], [[Pattern recognition|pattern recognition]], [[Digital image processing|digital image processing]]
|-
|[[Physics:Magnonics|Magnonics]]
|Research
|Data storage
|
|-
| [[Engineering:Memristor|Memristor]]
|  Working prototype<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/01/science/01compute.html|title=Remapping Computer Circuitry to Avert Impending Bottlenecks|access-date=27 April 2011|work=The New York Times|date=28 February 2011|archive-date=24 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121224051301/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/01/science/01compute.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-11165087|title=Memristor revolution backed by HP|access-date=27 April 2011|publisher=BBC News|date=2 September 2010|archive-date=18 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518112745/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-11165087|url-status=live}}</ref>
|  Smaller, faster, more energy-efficient [[Computer data storage|storage]], [[Engineering:Analogue electronics|analogue electronics]], [[Programmable logic device|programmable logic]],<ref>{{US patent|7203789}}</ref> [[Signal processing|signal processing]],<ref>{{US Patent|7302513}}</ref> neural networks,<ref>{{US patent|7359888}}</ref> [[Control theory|control systems]],<ref>{{US Patent|7609086}}</ref> [[Reconfigurable computing|reconfigurable computing]],<ref>{{US Patent|7902857}}</ref> brain–computer interfaces<ref>{{US Patent|7902867}}</ref> and RFID,<ref>{{US Patent|8113437}}</ref> [[Pattern recognition|pattern recognition]]<ref>{{cite book|publisher=Springer|pages=245–267|doi=10.1007/978-94-007-4491-2_13|year = 2012|last1 = Corinto|first1 = Fernando|last2=Ascoli|first2=Alon|last3=Gilli|first3=Marco|title=Advances in Neuromorphic Memristor Science and Applications |chapter=Memristor Models for Pattern Recognition Systems |isbn=978-94-007-4490-5}}</ref>
|
|-
| [[Chemistry:Molecular electronics|Molecular electronics]]
|  Research and development
|
|
|-
|[[Biometrics|Multimodal contactless biometric face/iris systems]]
|Deployed at various airports and federal security checkpoints<ref>{{cite news |date=28 September 2018 |title=Shannon Airport deploys face recognition |publisher=Planet Biometrics |url=http://www.planetbiometrics.com/article-details/i/8579/desc/shannon-airport-deploys-face-recognition/ |url-status=live |access-date=28 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928195051/http://www.planetbiometrics.com/article-details/i/8579/desc/shannon-airport-deploys-face-recognition/ |archive-date=28 September 2018}}</ref>
|Unimodal facial recognition scanners
|
|-
| [[Nanoelectromechanical systems]]
|  Research and development
|
|
|-
|[[Physics:Nanoradio|Nanoradio]]
|Research and development, diffusion
|
|
|-
|[[Neuromorphic engineering]]
|Research and development
|
|
|-
|[[Optical computing]]
|Hypothetical, experiments; some components of integrated circuits have been developed<ref>{{cite news |date=18 February 2011 |title=US scientists build first 'antilaser' |publisher=ABC |url=http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2011/02/18/3142398.htm |url-status=live |access-date=21 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110426121544/http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2011/02/18/3142398.htm |archive-date=26 April 2011}}</ref>
|Smaller, faster, lower power consuming computing
|
|-
|Quantum computing
|Experiments,<ref>{{cite news |date=22 March 2011 |title=Quantum computing device hints at powerful future |publisher=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-12811199 |url-status=live |access-date=17 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110408162027/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-12811199 |archive-date=8 April 2011}}</ref> commercialization,<ref>{{cite news |date=20 May 2011 |title=First Ever Commercial Quantum Computer Now Available for $10 Million |publisher=ExtremeTech |url=http://www.extremetech.com/article2/0,2845,2385665,00.asp |url-status=live |access-date=22 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127011317/http://www.extremetech.com/computing/84228-first-ever-commercial-quantum-computer-now-available-for-10-million |archive-date=27 January 2012}}</ref> early diffusion
|Much faster computing for some kinds of problems, chemical modeling, new materials with programmed properties, Hypothetical of [[Physics:High-temperature superconductivity|high-temperature superconductivity]] and [[Physics:Superfluidity|superfluidity]]
|
|-
|[[Quantum cryptography]]
|Commercialization<ref>{{cite news |date=31 March 2011 |title=Does quantum mechanics offer the best way to protect our most valuable data? |work=The Independent |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/does-quantum-mechanics-offer-the-best-way-to-protect-our-most-valuable-data-2257679.html |url-status=live |access-date=17 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110402090358/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/does-quantum-mechanics-offer-the-best-way-to-protect-our-most-valuable-data-2257679.html |archive-date=2 April 2011}}</ref>
|Secure communications
|
|-
|[[Quantum radar]]
|Prototypes
|
|
|-
|[[Radio-frequency identification]]
|Diffusion of high cost<ref>{{cite news |date=7 October 2011 |title=Will NFC make the mobile wallet work? |publisher=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-15201807 |url-status=live |access-date=8 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111206100051/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-15201807 |archive-date=6 December 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=23 September 2011 |title=Internet of things: Should you worry if your jeans go smart? |publisher=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-15004063 |url-status=live |access-date=8 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111206164821/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-15004063 |archive-date=6 December 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=20 May 2009 |title=RFID tagging: Chips with everything |work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/5355741/RFID-tagging-Chips-with-everything.html |url-status=live |access-date=8 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229023734/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/5355741/RFID-tagging-Chips-with-everything.html |archive-date=29 February 2012}}</ref>
|[[Engineering:Smartstores|Smartstores]] – RFID based self checkout (keeping track of all incoming and outgoing products), food packaging, smart shelves, smart carts. See: ''[[Radio-frequency identification#Potential uses|potential uses]]''
|
|-
|[[Software-defined radio]]
|Development, commercialization
|[[Physics:Cognitive radio|Cognitive radio]], [[Wireless mesh network|Mesh networks]], Software defined antenna
|[[Software:GNU Radio|GNU Radio]], [[List of software-defined radios]], [[Universal Software Radio Peripheral]]
|-
| [[Engineering:Solid-state transformer|Solid-state transformer]]
|  Development, prototypes
|
|
|-
|[[Speech recognition]]
|Research, development, commercialization
|
|
|-
| [[Spintronics]]
|  Working prototypes<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-14/computing/29417322_1_electrons-devices-spintronic|title=Scientists developing spintronic computer chips|access-date=17 April 2011|date=14 April 2011|archive-date=7 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111107092040/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-14/computing/29417322_1_electrons-devices-spintronic|work=The Times of India|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| [[Computer data storage|Data storage]], computing devices
|
|-
|[[Subvocal recognition]]
|Research, development, commercialization
|
|
|-
| [[Physics:Thermal copper pillar bump|Thermal copper pillar bump]]
|  Working prototypes in discrete devices
|  Electric circuit cooling, micro-fluidic [[Engineering:Actuator|actuator]]s, [[Physics:Thermoelectric generator|thermoelectric power generation]]
| [[Holographic Versatile Disc|Ultra high definition holographic disc]], [[Physics:Metal–insulator transition|Metal–insulator transition]]
|-
| [[Engineering:Three-dimensional integrated circuit|Three-dimensional integrated circuit]]
| Development, commercialization
| Memory and data processing
|
|-
| [[Physics:Twistronics|Twistronics]]
| Development
|
|
|}

=== Entertainment ===<!--
To add a new row to the table, insert

|-
| Emerging technology
| Status
| Potentially marginalized technologies
| Potential applications

and replace the placeholder with appropriate text.
-->
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Emerging technology
! Status
! Potential applications
! Related articles
|-
| Immersive virtual reality
|  Hypothetical, limited commercialization
|  An artificial environment where the user feels just as immersed as they usually feel in conscious reality.
| Virtusphere, 3rd Space Vest, haptic suit, [[Engineering:Immersive technology|immersive technology]], [[Philosophy:Simulated reality|simulated reality]], holodeck (fictional)
|-
| [[Synthetic media]]
|  Research and development
|  Films, photos
| [[Deepfake]], [[StyleGAN]], [[DeepDream]], [[Software:DALL-E|DALL-E]], [[Software:Stable Diffusion|Stable Diffusion]]
|}

=== Optoelectronics ===<!--
To add a new row to the table, insert

|-
| Emerging technology
| Status
| Potentially marginalized technologies
| Potential applications
| Related Articles
and replace the placeholder with appropriate text.
-->
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Emerging technology
! Status
! Potential applications
! Related articles
|-
| [[Engineering:Laser video display|Laser video display]]
|  Limited commercialization (e.g. Mitsubishi LaserVue TV in 2008)
|  Displays with a very wide colour [[Gamut|gamut]]
| [[Engineering:Laser TV|Laser TV]], [[Engineering:Comparison of display technology|Comparison of display technology]]
|-
| [[Holography]] ([[Holographic display|holographic display]], [[Physics:Computer-generated holography|computer-generated holography]])
|  Diffusion<ref>{{cite news |date=7 October 2008 |title=Scientist: Holographic television to become reality |publisher=CNN|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2008/TECH/science/10/06/holographic.television/ |url-status=live |access-date=29 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110116092157/http://edition.cnn.com/2008/TECH/science/10/06/holographic.television/ |archive-date=16 January 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=5 November 2010 |title=Holographic video takes step forward with updated display |work=The Independent |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/holographic-video-takes-step-forward-with-updated-display-2125847.html |url-status=dead |access-date=29 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101109141652/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/holographic-video-takes-step-forward-with-updated-display-2125847.html |archive-date=9 November 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=9 January 2011 |title=Phone calls in 3-D soon |work=The New Straits Times|url=http://www.nst.com.my/articles/323d/Article |url-status=dead |access-date=29 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716165625/https://www.nst.com.my/articles/323d/Article |archive-date=16 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=7 October 2021 |title=Holograms get real: Startup creates objects out of light and thin air |publisher=CNET |url=https://www.cnet.com/tech/holograms-get-real-startup-creates-objects-out-of-light-and-thin-air/ |access-date=28 October 2021}}</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[Engineering:Optical transistor|Optical transistor]]
| Some prototypes
|
|
|-
| [[Screenless video|Screenless display]] ([[Virtual retinal display]], [[Bionic contact lens]], [[Augmented reality]], [[Virtual reality]])
|  Experiments
| Virtual tools and entertainment in a real-world environment, aids for the [[Medicine:Visual impairment|visually impaired]]
| [[Head-mounted display]], [[Head-up display]], [[Astronomy:Adaptive optics#Adaptive optics in retinal imaging|Adaptive optics]], [[EyeTap]], [[Engineering:Google Glass|Google Glass]], [[Engineering:Microsoft HoloLens|Microsoft HoloLens]], AR cloud<ref>{{cite news |date=21 February 2019 |title=Augmented Reality Is The Operating System of the Future. AR Cloud Is How We Get There |work=Forbes |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnkoetsier/2019/02/21/augmented-reality-is-the-operating-system-of-the-future-ar-cloud-is-how-we-get-there/#261a254b25fb |url-status=live |access-date=27 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190627185849/https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnkoetsier/2019/02/21/augmented-reality-is-the-operating-system-of-the-future-ar-cloud-is-how-we-get-there/#261a254b25fb |archive-date=27 June 2019}}</ref>
|-
|[[Volumetric display|Volumetric (3D) display]]
|Research, working prototypes, commercialization<ref>{{cite news |date=5 April 2011 |title=3D display technology is no headache, claim researchers |publisher=The Engineer |url=http://www.theengineer.co.uk/sectors/electronics/news/3d-display-technology-is-no-headache-claim-researchers/1008140.article |url-status=dead |access-date=17 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314020523/http://www.theengineer.co.uk/sectors/electronics/news/3d-display-technology-is-no-headache-claim-researchers/1008140.article |archive-date=14 March 2012}}</ref>
|[[Engineering:Television|Television]], computer interfaces, cinemas, 3-dimensional imagery
|[[Autostereoscopy|Autostereoscopic display]], [[Stereoscopy|stereoscopic display]], [[Volumetric display|volumetric display]], [[Holographic display]], [[Light field#Applications of light fields|Light Field display]], {{wipe|Nintendo 3DS}}, Swept-volume display
|}

==Energy==
<!--
To add a new row to the table, insert

|-
| Electro-centric power
| Working device
| Producing electricity; nonintermittent, abundant, clean energy at the lowest cost
| Potential applications

and replace the placeholder with appropriate text.
-->
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Emerging technology
! Status
! Potential applications
! Related articles
|-
| [[Physics:Airborne wind turbine|Airborne wind turbine]]
| Research<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/node/9249242|title=Getting wind farms off the ground|access-date=7 December 2011|newspaper=The Economist|date=7 June 2007|archive-date=5 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111205104425/http://www.economist.com/node/9249242|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10217289|title=Wind turbines take to the skies|access-date=7 December 2011|publisher=BBC News|date=3 June 2010|archive-date=4 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111204054954/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10217289|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/09/magazine/09_1_turbine.html|title=Airborne Wind Turbines|access-date=7 December 2011|work=The New York Times|date=9 December 2007|archive-date=21 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120521100632/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/09/magazine/09_1_turbine.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
| Wind power generation at higher altitudes, increasing efficiency
| KiteGen
|-
| [[Chemistry:Americium#Radionuclide|Americium battery]]
| Estimated working prototype in 5–10 years from 2019<ref>{{cite news|url=https://thefutureofthings.com/3015-americium-power-source/|title=Americium Power Source|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=thefutureofthings.com|date=1 January 2019|archive-date=10 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810120528/https://thefutureofthings.com/3015-americium-power-source/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| [[Engineering:Energy storage|Energy storage]]
|
|-
| [[Physics:Artificial photosynthesis|Artificial photosynthesis]]
|  Research, experiments,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUS81168260920110329|title=Solar 'Artificial Leaf' Is Unveiled by Researchers|access-date=21 April 2011|work=Reuters|date=29 March 2011|archive-date=20 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110420170634/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/03/29/idUS81168260920110329|url-status=live}}</ref> growing interest in a macroscience global project<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Faunce |first1=Thomas A. |last2=Lubitz |first2=Wolfgang |last3=Rutherford |first3=A. W. (Bill) |last4=MacFarlane |first4=Douglas |last5=Moore |first5=Gary F. |last6=Yang |first6=Peidong |last7=Nocera |first7=Daniel G. |last8=Moore |first8=Tom A. |last9=Gregory |first9=Duncan H. |last10=Fukuzumi |first10=Shunichi |last11=Yoon |first11=Kyung Byung |last12=Armstrong |first12=Fraser A. |last13=Wasielewski |first13=Michael R. |last14=Styring |first14=Stenbjorn |date=2013-02-20 |title=Energy and environment policy case for a global project on artificial photosynthesis |url=https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2013/ee/c3ee00063j |journal=Energy & Environmental Science |language=en |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=695–698 |doi=10.1039/C3EE00063J |issn=1754-5706}}</ref>
|  Photosynthesis-like energy and oxygen production from artificial structures
| Sustainocene, [[Engineering:Renewable energy|Renewable energy]], [[Engineering:Nanotechnology|Nanotechnology]]
|-
| [[Engineering:Concentrated solar power|Concentrated solar power]]
|  Growing markets in California, Spain, Northern Africa<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-solar-calico-idUKTRE69R5YQ20101028|title=California approves Tessera solar plant|access-date=4 May 2011|work=Reuters|date=28 October 2010|archive-date=25 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725194651/http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/10/28/us-solar-calico-idUKTRE69R5YQ20101028|url-status=live}}</ref>
|  Electricity generation
| DESERTEC, BrightSource Energy, Solar Millennium
|-
| [[Physics:Supercapacitor#Electrical double-layer capacitance|Double-layer capacitor]]
|  Diffusion, continued development<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUS305904663820110330|title=Ultracapacitors Gain Traction as Battery Alternative|access-date=4 May 2011|work=Reuters|date=30 March 2011|archive-date=4 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110504121756/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/03/30/idUS305904663820110330|url-status=live}}</ref>
| Faster-charging, longer-lasting, more flexible, greener energy storage (e.g. for [[Engineering:Regenerative braking|regenerative braking]])
|
|-
| [[Engineering:Energy harvesting|Energy harvesting]]
|  Experiments
|  Constant energy source for mobile, wearable and ubiquitous devices
| [[Company:Humavox|Humavox]]
|-
| [[Engineering:Flywheel energy storage|Flywheel energy storage]]
|  Limited commercialization
| Energy storage
|
|-
| [[Physics:Fusion power|Fusion power]]
|  Research, experiments
|  Electricity and heat generation, fusion torch recycling with waste heat
| [[Organization:ITER|ITER]], [[Organization:National Ignition Facility|NIF]], [[Physics:Wendelstein 7-X|Wendelstein 7-X]], [[Physics:Magnetic confinement fusion|Magnetic confinement fusion]], [[Physics:Dense plasma focus|Dense plasma focus]], [[Physics:Muon-catalyzed fusion|Muon-catalyzed fusion]]
|-
| [[Engineering:Generation IV reactor|Generation IV nuclear reactor]]
|  Research, experiments
|  Electricity and heat generation, transmutation of nuclear waste stockpiles from traditional reactors
|
|- 
| [[Engineering:Gravity battery|Gravity battery]]
| Small-scale examples
| Energy storage
| 
|-
| [[Engineering:Home fuel cell|Home fuel cell]]
|  Research, commercialization<ref>{{cite news|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/us-energy-solar-fuelcells-idUKN3145191020080731|title=MIT develops way to bank solar energy at home|access-date=24 December 2011|work=Reuters|date=31 July 2008|archive-date=26 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120726084032/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2008/07/31/us-energy-solar-fuelcells-idUKN3145191020080731|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2010/feb/22/bloom-box-fuel-cell-launch|title=All eyes on Bloom Box fuel cell launch|access-date=24 December 2011|work=The Guardian|date=22 February 2010|archive-date=9 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130909112615/http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2010/feb/22/bloom-box-fuel-cell-launch|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8563928.stm|title=Japan aims its home fuel cells at Europe|access-date=24 December 2011|publisher=BBC News|date=12 March 2010|archive-date=4 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004180518/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8563928.stm|url-status=live}}</ref>
| [[Physics:Off-the-grid|Off-the-grid]], producing electricity in using an environmentally friendly fuel as a backup during long term power failures.
| [[Engineering:Autonomous building|Autonomous building]], Bloom Energy Server
|-
| [[Engineering:Lithium–air battery|Lithium–air battery]]
|  Research, experiments<ref>Kraytsberg A, Ein-Eli Y (2011). "Review on Li-air batteries – Opportunities, limitations and perspective". Journal of Power Sources,196:p.886-893.</ref>
|  Laptops, mobile phones, long-range [[Engineering:Electric car|electric car]]s; storing energy for electric grid
|
|-
| [[Chemistry:Lithium iron phosphate battery|Lithium iron phosphate battery]]
|  Commercialization
| Energy storage
|
|-
| [[Engineering:Lithium–sulfur battery|Lithium–sulfur battery]]
|  Research and development
| Energy storage
|
|-
| [[Chemistry:Magnesium battery|Magnesium battery]]
|  Early commercialization
| Energy storage
|
|-
| [[Engineering:Molten salt reactor|Molten salt reactor]]
|  Research, experiments
| Electricity and heat generation
|
|-
| [[Engineering:Nanowire battery|Nanowire battery]]
|  Experiments, prototypes<ref>{{cite news|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/battery-paper-idUKN075599520091207|title=Scientists say paper battery could be in the works|access-date=4 May 2011|work=Reuters|date=7 December 2009|archive-date=6 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706021953/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2009/12/07/battery-paper-idUKN075599520091207|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/us-shirt-idINN1334900820080213|title=Microfiber fabric makes its own electricity?|access-date=4 May 2011|work=Reuters|date=14 February 2008|archive-date=25 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725234315/http://in.reuters.com/article/2008/02/13/us-shirt-idINN1334900820080213|url-status=live}}</ref>
|  Laptops, mobile phones, long-range [[Engineering:Electric car|electric car]]s; storing energy for electric grid
|
|-
| Nantenna
| Research<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/article2029102.ece|title=A new device to tap more solar energy invented|access-date=24 December 2011|work=The Hindu|date=18 May 2011|archive-date=17 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110817132342/http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/article2029102.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/node/15582193|title=Heat scavenging – Stealing the heat|access-date=24 December 2011|newspaper=The Economist|date=4 March 2010|archive-date=2 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120102172017/http://www.economist.com/node/15582193|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.businessworld.in/businessworld/content/New-Rays.html?print=yes|title=New Rays|access-date=24 December 2011|publisher=Businessworld|date=21 May 2011}} </ref>
| Electricity generation
|
|-
| [[Physics:Ocean thermal energy conversion|Ocean thermal energy conversion]]
|  Prototype
| Electricity generation
|
|-
| Solid-state battery
| Niche uses
| Reliable, power-dense energy storage (particularly for electric cars and [[Engineering:Wearable technology|wearable technology]])
|
|-
| [[Engineering:Smart grid|Smart grid]]
| Research, diffusion<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/8056083.stm|title=Electricity to power 'smart grid'|access-date=4 March 2012|publisher=BBC News|date=18 May 2009|archive-date=24 May 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090524085815/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/8056083.stm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/cwire/2011/05/25/25climatewire-smart-grid-costs-are-massive-but-benefits-wi-48403.html?pagewanted=all|title=Smart Grid Costs Are Massive, but Benefits Will Be Larger, Industry Study Says|access-date=4 March 2012|work=The New York Times|date=25 May 2011|archive-date=23 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323085319/http://www.nytimes.com/cwire/2011/05/25/25climatewire-smart-grid-costs-are-massive-but-benefits-wi-48403.html?pagewanted=all|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/south-korea-smart-grid-low-carbon|title=Pushing the low carbon boundaries: South Korea's smart grid initiative|access-date=4 March 2012|work=The Guardian|date=5 September 2011|archive-date=31 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231102129/http://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/south-korea-smart-grid-low-carbon|url-status=live}}</ref>
|Advanced [[Engineering:Electrical grid|grid]] power management
| [[Physics:Smart meter|Smart meter]], SuperSmart Grid
|-
| [[Physics:Space-based solar power|Space-based solar power]]
|  Early research
| Electricity generation
|
|-
| [[Physics:Thorium fuel cycle|Thorium nuclear fuel cycle]]
|  Research started in the 1960s, still ongoing
| Electricity and heat generation
| 
|-
| [[Physics:Vortex engine|Vortex engine]]
| 
|  Power generation
| 
|-
| Wireless energy transfer
|  Prototypes, diffusion, short range consumer products<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/6725955.stm|title=Wireless energy promise powers up|access-date=4 May 2011|publisher=BBC News|date=7 June 2007|archive-date=17 September 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070917080815/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/6725955.stm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.engadget.com/2017/12/26/fcc-approves-first-wireless-power-at-a-distance-charging-syste/|title=FCC approves first wireless 'power-at-a-distance' charging system|access-date=27 December 2017|work=Engadget|date=27 December 2017|archive-date=27 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227011211/https://www.engadget.com/2017/12/26/fcc-approves-first-wireless-power-at-a-distance-charging-syste/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|  Wirelessly powered equipment: laptop, cell phones, electric cars, etc.
| [[Company:WiTricity|WiTricity]], [[Engineering:Resonant inductive coupling|resonant inductive coupling]]
|-
| [[Biology:Zero-energy building|Zero-energy building]]
|  Expansion
|  Energy-efficient homes
| [[Engineering:Passive house|Passive house]]

|}

== Materials and textiles ==<!--
To add a new row to the table, insert

|- Plasma treatment of textiles
| Emerging technology
| Status
| Potentially marginalized technologies
| Potential applications

and replace the placeholder with appropriate text.
-->
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Emerging technology
! Status
! Potential applications
! Related articles
|-
|[[Engineering:4D printing|4D printing]]
|Research and development
|
|
|-
| [[Engineering:Aerogel|Aerogel]]
|  Hypothetical, experiments, diffusion, early uses<ref>{{cite news |date=15 November 2011 |title=Sto AG, Cabot Create Aerogel Insulation |publisher=Construction Digital |url=http://www.constructiondigital.com/innovations/sto-ag-cabot-create-aerogel-insulation |url-status=dead |access-date=18 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111231012849/http://www.constructiondigital.com/innovations/sto-ag-cabot-create-aerogel-insulation |archive-date=31 December 2011}}</ref>
|  Improved [[Physics:Thermal insulation|thermal insulation]] (for [[Physics:Pipeline transport|pipelines]], [[Engineering:Aerospace engineering|aerospace]], etc.), as well as insulative "glass" if it can be made clear
|
|-
| [[Chemistry:Amorphous metal|Amorphous metal]]
|  Experiments, use in [[Engineering:Amorphous metal transformer|amorphous metal transformer]]s
|  Armor, implants
|
|-
| [[Chemistry:Bioplastic|Bioplastic]]
|  Limited commercialization (e.g. [[Chemistry:Polylactic acid|polylactic acid]] in [[3D printing|3D printing]])
|  Disposable packaging and single-use items
|-
| Compositionally complex materials
|  Research, development, prototypes
|  [[Physics:Hydrogen storage|Hydrogen storage]] and compression, [[Physics:Aerospace materials|aerospace materials]], Nickel-metal hydride battery anodes, etc. 
|
|-
| [[Chemistry:Conductive polymer|Conductive polymer]]s
|  Research, experiments, prototypes
|  Lighter and cheaper [[Engineering:Wire|wire]]s, antistatic materials, [[Physics:Organic solar cell|organic solar cell]]s
| Jacquard weaving
|-
| [[Physics:Cryogenic treatment|Cryogenic treatment]]
|  Research, experiments, prototypes
|  Significantly stronger metal components
|
|-
| [[Physics:Directional freezing|Directional freezing]]
|  Research, experiments, development, prototypes
|  Preserving large organs, more efficient [[Physics:Electric battery|batteries]], artificial [[Biology:Tooth enamel|tooth enamel]], seawater [[Chemistry:Desalination|desalination]]
|
|-
| [[Chemistry:Edible packaging|Edible packaging]]
| Diffusion
| Biodegradable alternatives to plastic
|
|-
| Electric armour
| Prototypes
|Better protection for [[Engineering:Warship|warship]]s and [[Engineering:Armoured fighting vehicle|armoured fighting vehicle]]s from [[Engineering:Shaped charge|shaped charge]] weapons
|
|-
| [[Chemistry:Fullerene|Fullerene]]
|  Experiments, diffusion
|  Programmable matter
|
|-
| [[Physics:Graphene|Graphene]]
|  Hypothetical, experiments, diffusion, early uses<ref>{{cite news |date=21 May 2011 |title=Is graphene a miracle material? |publisher=BBC Click |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/click_online/9491789.stm |url-status=live |access-date=18 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004180517/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/click_online/9491789.stm |archive-date=4 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=13 November 2011 |title=Could graphene be the new silicon? |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2011/nov/13/graphene-research-novoselov-geim-manchester |url-status=live |access-date=18 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130902031129/http://www.theguardian.com/science/2011/nov/13/graphene-research-novoselov-geim-manchester |archive-date=2 September 2013}}</ref>
|  Higher-[[Engineering:Specific strength|specific strength]] structural components, higher-frequency [[Engineering:Transistor|transistor]]s, lower-cost [[Engineering:Mobile device|mobile]] [[Engineering:Display device|displays]], [[Engineering:Fuel cell vehicle|automotive]] [[Chemistry:Hydrogen|hydrogen]] storage, [[Biology:Biosensor|biosensor]]s,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tehrani |first=Z. |date=2014-09-01 |title=Generic epitaxial graphene biosensors for ultrasensitive detection of cancer risk biomarker |url=https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa19735/Download/0019735-07052015130054.pdf |journal=2D Materials |volume=1 |issue=2 |page=025004 |bibcode=2014TDM.....1b5004T |doi=10.1088/2053-1583/1/2/025004 |s2cid=55035225}}</ref> more efficient [[Physics:Electric battery|batteries]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Applications of Graphene under Development |url=http://www.understandingnano.com/graphene-applications.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140921024004/http://www.understandingnano.com/graphene-applications.html |archive-date=21 September 2014 |access-date=16 June 2011 |publisher=understandingnano.com}}</ref>
|
|-
| [[Engineering:Lab-on-a-chip|Lab-on-a-chip]]
|  Limited commercialization
|More efficient laboratory analysis
|
|-
| [[Physics:High-temperature superconductivity|High-temperature superconductivity]]
|  Cryogenic receiver front-end (CRFE) [[Engineering:RF and microwave filter|RF and microwave filter]] systems for mobile phone base stations; prototypes in [[Chemistry:Dry ice|dry ice]]; experiments for lower temperatures<ref>{{cite news |date=5 March 2007 |title=The 'new age' of super materials |publisher=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/6412057.stm |url-status=live |access-date=27 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004180517/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6412057.stm |archive-date=4 October 2020}}</ref>
|  No-loss conductors, frictionless bearings, [[Physics:Magnetic levitation|magnetic levitation]], lossless [[Engineering:Accumulator (energy)|high-capacity accumulators]], [[Engineering:Electric car|electric car]]s, heat-free [[Engineering:Integrated circuit|integrated circuit]]s
|
|-
| [[Physics:Magnetic nanoparticles|Magnetic nanoparticles]]
| Development
|[[Medicine:Cancer|Cancer]] treatment,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rabias |first1=I. |display-authors=0 |year=2010 |title=Rapid magnetic heating treatment by highly charged maghemite nanoparticles on Wistar rats exocranial glioma tumors at microliter volume |journal=Biomicrofluidics |volume=4 |issue=2 |page=024111 |doi=10.1063/1.3449089 |pmc=2917883 |pmid=20697578}}</ref><ref name="Kumar">{{cite journal |last1=Kumar |first1=CS |last2=Mohammad |first2=F |year=2011 |title=Magnetic nanomaterials for hyperthermia-based therapy and controlled drug delivery |journal=Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. |volume=63 |issue=9 |pages=789–808 |doi=10.1016/j.addr.2011.03.008 |pmc=3138885 |pmid=21447363}}</ref> [[Earth:Wastewater|wastewater]] treatment<ref>{{cite journal |last1=F.M. Koehler |first1=Fabian M. |author2=M. Rossier |author3=M. Waelle |author4=E.K. Athanassiou |author5=L.K. Limbach |author6=R.N. Grass |author7=D. Günther |author8=W.J. Stark |year=2009 |title=Magnetic EDTA: Coupling heavy metal chelators to metal nanomagnets for rapid removal of cadmium, lead and copper from contaminated water |url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/1b7c55dfcb27958f6eedd5480a8c5c2ebc6e26f4 |journal=Chem. Commun. |volume=32 |issue=32 |pages=4862–4 |doi=10.1039/B909447D |pmid=19652806 |s2cid=33582926}}</ref>
|
|-
| [[Physics:Magnetorheological fluid|Magnetorheological fluid]]
|  Research and development, limited [[Biology:Magnetorheological damper|magnetorheological damping]] applications
| Seismic damping for [[Earth:Earthquake-resistant structures|earthquake resistance]]
| [[Chemistry:Electrorheological fluid|Electrorheological fluid]]
|-
| [[Physics:Microfluidics|Microfluidics]]
|  Research and development
|
|
|-
| [[Physics:Superfluidity|High-temperature superfluidity]]
|  Superfluid gyroscopes exist but work at very low temperatures
|  High-precision measure of gravity, navigation and maneuver devices, possible devices to emit gravitomagnetic field, frictionless mechanical devices
|
|-
| [[Physics:Metamaterial|Metamaterial]]s
|  Hypothetical, experiments, diffusion<ref>{{cite news |date=8 November 2010 |title=Strides in Materials, but No Invisibility Cloak |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/09/science/09meta.html?_r=1 |url-status=live |access-date=21 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701040901/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/09/science/09meta.html?_r=1 |archive-date=1 July 2017}}</ref>
| [[Engineering:Microscope|Microscope]]s, [[Physics:Camera|camera]]s, [[Physics:Metamaterial cloaking|metamaterial cloaking]], [[Physics:Cloaking device|cloaking device]]s
|
|-
| [[Chemistry:Metal foam|Metal foam]]
|  Research, limited commercialization
| Space colonies, floating cities
|
|-
| [[Physics:Multi-function structure|Multi-function structure]]s<ref>[http://www.nae.edu/?ID=8683 NAE Website: Frontiers of Engineering] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728151020/http://www.nae.edu/?ID=8683|date=28 July 2014}}. Nae.edu. Retrieved 22 February 2011.</ref>
|  Hypothetical, experiments, some prototypes, few commercial
|  Wide range of applications (e.g. self-health monitoring, [[Physics:Self-healing material|self-healing material]]s)
|
|-
| [[Physics:Nanomaterials|Nanomaterials]]: carbon nanotubes
|  Hypothetical, experiments, diffusion, early uses<ref>{{cite news |date=21 January 2010 |title=Carbon nanotubes used to make batteries from fabrics |publisher=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8471362.stm |url-status=live |access-date=27 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004180518/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8471362.stm |archive-date=4 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=25 April 2011 |title=Researchers One Step Closer to Building Synthetic Brain |publisher=Daily Tech |url=http://www.dailytech.com/Researchers+One+Step+Closer+to+Building+Synthetic+Brain/article21459c.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=27 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429015558/http://www.dailytech.com/Researchers+One+Step+Closer+to+Building+Synthetic+Brain/article21459c.htm |archive-date=29 April 2011}}</ref>
|  Higher-[[Engineering:Specific strength|specific strength]] structural components
| [[Chemistry:Potential applications of carbon nanotubes|Potential applications of carbon nanotubes]], [[Chemistry:Carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers|Carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers]]
|-
| [[Physics:Quantum dot|Quantum dot]]
|  Research, experiments, prototypes,<ref>{{cite news |date=22 March 2010 |title='Quantum dots' to boost performance of mobile cameras |publisher=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/8580372.stm |url-status=live |access-date=16 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004180518/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/8580372.stm |archive-date=4 October 2020}}</ref> commercialization{{Citation needed|date=September 2022}}
| [[Physics:Quantum dot laser|Quantum dot laser]]s, [[Physics:Quantum dot display|quantum dot display]]s, faster [[Data communication|data communication]], laser [[Engineering:Scalpel|scalpel]]s
|
|-
|[[Physics:Self-healing material|Self-healing material]]s
|Research, experiments
|Infrastructure, robotics, biotech 
|
|-
| [[Chemistry:Silicene|Silicene]]
| Early research
| [[Physics:Nanoscopic scale|Nanoscale]] electronics
|
|-
| [[Chemistry:Superalloy|Superalloy]]
|  Research, diffusion
|  Significantly stronger metal components (particularly in aircraft jet engines)
|
|-
| [[Earth:Synthetic diamond|Synthetic diamond]]
|  Research, commercialization
|  Electronics
|
|-
|[[Physics:Time crystal|Time crystal]]
|Research experiments<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Richerme |first=Phil |date=2017-01-18 |title=Viewpoint: How to Create a Time Crystal |url=http://physics.aps.org/articles/v10/5 |url-status=live |journal=Physics |language=en-US |volume=10 |page=5 |doi=10.1103/Physics.10.5 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531033611/https://physics.aps.org/articles/v10/5 |archive-date=31 May 2019 |access-date=2 February 2017 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
|[[Quantum computing|Quantum computers]] with stable [[Qubit|qubit]]s
|
|-
| Translucent concrete
|  Commercialization
|  Construction of buildings and sculptures (e.g. Europe Gate)
|
|}

==Medicine==<!--
To add a new row to the table, insert

|-
| Emerging technology
| Status
| Potentially marginalized technologies
| Potential applications

and replace the placeholder with appropriate text.
-->
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Emerging technology
! Status
! Potential applications
! Related articles
|-
| [[Engineering:Artificial uterus|Artificial uterus]]
|  Research, experiments
| [[Unsolved:Embryo space colonization|Space travel]], extracorporeal pregnancy, reprogenetics, [[Engineering:Reproductive technology#Same-sex procreation|same-sex procreation]]
|
|-
| [[Medicine:Implant|Body implant]], [[Biology:Prosthesis|prosthesis]]
|  Trials, from animal (e.g., [[Brain implant|brain implant]]s) to human clinical (e.g., [[Engineering:Insulin pump#Future developments|insulin pump implant]]), to commercial production (e.g. pacemaker, [[Medicine:Joint replacement|joint replacement]], [[Cochlear implant|cochlear implant]])
| [[Brain implant]], [[Biology:Retinal implant|retinal implant]]
| [[Biology:Prosthesis|Prosthetics]], prosthetics in fiction, [[Cyborg|cyborg]]
|-
| [[Physics:Cryonics|Cryonics]]
|  Hypothetical, research, commercialization (e.g. Alcor, Cryonics Institute)
| [[Philosophy:Life extension|Life extension]]
|
|-
| [[Biology:De-extinction|De-extinction]]
|  Research, development, trials
| Animal husbandry, pets, zoos
| [[Biology:Revival of the woolly mammoth|Revival of the woolly mammoth]]
|-
| Electronic medical records
| Deployment
| Replacing paper medical records
|
|-
| Human [[Medicine:DNA vaccine|DNA vaccination]] and [[Medicine:MRNA vaccine|mRNA vaccination]]
| Implementation in 2021 to combat the COVID-19 pandemic
|Disease vaccinations, cancer therapy
|
|- 
| [[Chemistry:Enzybiotics|Enzybiotics]]
| Successful first trials
|
|
|-
| [[Biology:Genetic engineering|Genetic engineering]] of organisms and viruses
|  Research, development, commercialization<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/a-giant-leap-into-the-unknown-gm-salmon-that-grows-and-grows-2085856.html|title=A giant leap into the unknown: GM salmon that grows and grows|access-date=5 May 2011|work=The Independent|date=22 September 2010|archive-date=13 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110913112654/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/a-giant-leap-into-the-unknown-gm-salmon-that-grows-and-grows-2085856.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/8720207/Gene-therapy-is-cure-for-boy-in-the-bubble-syndrome.html|title=Gene therapy is cure for 'boy in the bubble' syndrome|access-date=18 November 2011|work=The Telegraph|date=24 August 2011|archive-date=29 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110829083059/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/8720207/Gene-therapy-is-cure-for-boy-in-the-bubble-syndrome.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|  Creating and modifying [[Biology:Species|species]] (mainly improving their physical and mental capabilities), bio-machines, eliminating genetic disorders ([[Biology:Gene therapy|gene therapy]]), new materials production,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cachevalleydaily.com/news/local/article_df56a51a-3558-11e4-8281-0017a43b2370.html|title=USU Synthetic Spider Silk Lab awarded $1.9 million in DOE Energy Efficient Transportation Technology Funds|work=CacheValleyDaily.com|access-date=12 October 2014|archive-date=4 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004180534/https://www.cachevalleydaily.com/news/archive/2014/09/06/df56a51a-3558-11e4-8281-0017a43b2370/|url-status=live}}</ref> healthier and cheaper food, creating drugs and vaccines, [[Biology:Genetic engineering#Research|research in natural sciences]], [[Earth:Bioremediation|bioremediation]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.biotecharticles.com/Environmental-Biotechnology-Article/Application-of-Genetic-Engineering-in-Bioremediation-Deinococcus-Radiodurans-2095.html|title=Application of Genetic Engineering in Bioremediation: Deinococcus Radiodurans|author=Shivani Sharma|work=biotecharticles.com|access-date=25 October 2014|archive-date=25 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025154921/http://www.biotecharticles.com/Environmental-Biotechnology-Article/Application-of-Genetic-Engineering-in-Bioremediation-Deinococcus-Radiodurans-2095.html|url-status=live}}</ref> detecting arsenic,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cen.acs.org/articles/90/web/2012/02/New-Portable-Kit-Detects-Arsenic.html|title=New Portable Kit Detects Arsenic in Wells|author=Katharine Sanderson|work=acs.org|access-date=25 October 2014|archive-date=4 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004215425/http://cen.acs.org/articles/90/web/2012/02/New-Portable-Kit-Detects-Arsenic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> CO2 reducing superplant,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://science.slashdot.org/story/18/05/19/0540205/anti-gmo-activists-slow-scientists-breeding-a-co2-reducing-superplant|title=Anti-GMO Activists Slow Scientists Breeding a CO2-Reducing Superplant|author=EditorDavid|work=science.slashdot.org|access-date=14 July 2019|archive-date=14 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714024250/https://science.slashdot.org/story/18/05/19/0540205/anti-gmo-activists-slow-scientists-breeding-a-co2-reducing-superplant|url-status=live}}</ref>
| Biopunk, [[Biology:Genetically modified food|Genetically modified food]], [[Philosophy:Superhuman|superhuman]], [[Philosophy:Human enhancement|human enhancement]], [[Transhumanism|transhumanism]], [[Biology:Gene doping|gene doping]], [[Philosophy:Designer baby|designer baby]], [[Biology:Genetic pollution|genetic pollution]]
|-
| [[Biology:Hibernation|Hibernation]] or [[Biology:Suspended animation|suspended animation]]
|  Research, development, animal trials<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/healthnews/8024991/Patients-to-be-frozen-into-state-of-suspended-animation-for-surgery.html|title=Patients to be frozen into state of suspended animation for surgery|access-date=21 April 2011|work=The Telegraph|date=26 September 2010|archive-date=5 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110205055345/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/healthnews/8024991/Patients-to-be-frozen-into-state-of-suspended-animation-for-surgery.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| [[Medicine:Organ transplantation|Organ transplantation]], [[Engineering:Spaceflight|space travel]], prolonged surgery, emergency care
|
|-
| [[Philosophy:Life extension|Life extension]], [[Biology:Strategies for engineered negligible senescence|strategies for engineered negligible senescence]]
|  Research, experiments, animal testing<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/11/science/11aging.html|title=Doubt on Anti-Aging Molecule as Drug Trial Stops|access-date=1 May 2011|work=The New York Times|date=10 January 2011|archive-date=26 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111026072845/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/11/science/11aging.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-15552964|title=Signs of ageing halted in the lab|access-date=16 December 2011|publisher=BBC News|date=2 November 2011|archive-date=17 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111217054650/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-15552964|url-status=live}}</ref>
|  Increased life spans
| [[Unsolved:Immortality|Immortality]], [[Biology:Biological immortality|biological immortality]]
|-
| Nanomedicine
| Research, experiments, limited use<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/nanotechnology-world/aiming-for-clinical-excellence?newsfeed=true|title=Aiming for clinical excellence|access-date=16 December 2011|work=The Guardian|date=26 November 2011|archive-date=31 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231162352/http://www.theguardian.com/nanotechnology-world/aiming-for-clinical-excellence?newsfeed=true|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/nanotechnology-world/science-nano-technology-cancer-cure-disease-medicine|title=Nanotechnoglogy world: Nanomedicine offers new cures|access-date=16 December 2011|work=The Guardian|date=6 September 2011|archive-date=31 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231140054/http://www.theguardian.com/nanotechnology-world/science-nano-technology-cancer-cure-disease-medicine|url-status=live}}</ref>
|
|
|-
| Nanosensors
| Research and development
|
|
|- 
| [[Biology:Omni Processor|Omni Processor]]
| Research and development; some prototypes
|
|
|-
| [[Biology:Oncolytic virus|Oncolytic virus]]
|  Human trials ([[Biology:Talimogene laherparepvec|Talimogene laherparepvec]], [[Biology:Reolysin|reolysin]], JX-594), commercialisation (H101)
|  Cancer therapy, imaging
| [[Biology:Oncolytic virus|Oncolytic virus]]
|-
| [[Medicine:Personalized medicine|Personalized medicine]], full genome sequencing
|  Research, experiments<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/genetic-test-could-be-used-to-personalise-drugs-say-scientists-1913662.html|title=Genetic test could be used to 'personalise' drugs, say scientists|access-date=16 April 2011|work=The Independent|date=1 March 2010|archive-date=4 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100304135415/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/genetic-test-could-be-used-to-personalise-drugs-say-scientists-1913662.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|  Personalized medical procedures, genome sequencing during drug trials
| [[Biology:Personal genomics|Personal genomics]]
|- 
| [[Medicine:Phage therapy|Phage therapy]]
| First trial uses
|
|
|-
| [[Biology:Plantibody|Plantibody]]
|  Clinical trials
|
|
|-
| [[Medicine:Regenerative medicine|Regenerative medicine]]
|  Some laboratory trials<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/health/2011/03/08/scientists-grow-viable-urethras-boys-cells/|title=Scientists Grow Viable Urethras From Boys' Cells|access-date=27 April 2011|publisher=Fox News|date=8 March 2011|archive-date=11 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110311093238/http://www.foxnews.com/health/2011/03/08/scientists-grow-viable-urethras-boys-cells/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| [[Philosophy:Life extension|Life extension]]
|
|-
| Robotic surgery
|  Research, [[Finance:Diffusion (business)|diffusion]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.chron.com/news/article/Doctors-grapple-with-the-value-of-robotic-surgery-2174855.php|title=Doctors grapple with the value of robotic surgery|access-date=24 December 2011|work=Houston Chronicle|date=16 September 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/08/03/robotic-surgery-making-inroads-many-medical-procedures.html|title=Robotic surgery making inroads in many medical procedures|access-date=24 December 2011|work=The Jakarta Post|date=8 March 2011|archive-date=20 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111220073438/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/08/03/robotic-surgery-making-inroads-many-medical-procedures.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/208490/doctors_perform_first_fully_robotic_surgery.html|title=Doctors Perform First Fully Robotic Surgery|access-date=24 December 2011|publisher=PC World|date=21 October 2010|archive-date=24 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101124072434/http://www.pcworld.com/article/208490/doctors_perform_first_fully_robotic_surgery.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|
|
|-
| Senolytic
| Under investigation
|
|
|-
| Stem cell treatments
|  Research, experiments, phase I human trial spinal cord injury treatment (GERON), cultured cornea transplants<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-12963297|title=Scientists make eye's retina from stem cells|access-date=27 April 2011|publisher=BBC News|date=6 April 2011|archive-date=25 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110425030729/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-12963297|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2009/jan/30/stemcells-genetics|title=Medical marvels|access-date=16 December 2011|work=The Guardian|date=30 January 2009|archive-date=22 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022085257/http://www.theguardian.com/science/2009/jan/30/stemcells-genetics|url-status=live}}</ref>
|  Treatment for a wide range of diseases and injuries
| [[Biology:Stem cell|Stem cell]], stem cell treatments
|-
| [[Biology:Synthetic biology|Synthetic biology]], [[Biology:Synthetic genomics|synthetic genomics]]
|  Research, development, first synthetic bacteria created May 2010<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10132762|title='Artificial life' breakthrough announced by scientists|access-date=29 April 2011|publisher=BBC News|date=20 May 2010|archive-date=11 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511215144/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10132762|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/7745868/Scientist-Craig-Venter-creates-life-for-first-time-in-laboratory-sparking-debate-about-playing-god.html|title=Scientist Craig Venter creates life for first time in laboratory sparking debate about 'playing god'|access-date=29 April 2011|work=The Telegraph|date=20 May 2010|archive-date=25 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111225042345/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/7745868/Scientist-Craig-Venter-creates-life-for-first-time-in-laboratory-sparking-debate-about-playing-god.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|  Infinitely scalable production processes based on programmable [[Biology:Species|species]] of bacteria and other life forms
| [[Biology:BioBrick|BioBrick]], [[Biology:International Genetically Engineered Machine|iGEM]], [[Biology:Synthetic genomics|synthetic genomics]]
|-
| [[Engineering:Tissue engineering|Tissue engineering]]
|  Research, diffusion<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-14946808|title=Artificial blood vessels created on a 3D printer|access-date=26 December 2011|publisher=BBC News|date=16 September 2011|archive-date=29 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111229062442/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-14946808|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/8347008.stm|title=Penis tissue replaced in the lab|access-date=26 December 2011|publisher=BBC News|date=10 November 2009|archive-date=3 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303175328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/8347008.stm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/health-us-lung-artificial-idUKTRE65N5AF20100624|title=U.S. scientists create artificial lungs, of sorts|access-date=26 December 2011|work=Reuters|date=24 June 2010|archive-date=27 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120727034908/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2010/06/24/health-us-lung-artificial-idUKTRE65N5AF20100624|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-radio-and-tv-16194574|title=Silkworms could aid a breakthrough in tissue engineering|access-date=26 December 2011|publisher=BBC News|date=15 December 2011|archive-date=15 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111215182943/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-radio-and-tv-16194574|url-status=live}}</ref>
| [[Engineering:Organ printing|Organ printing]], [[Engineering:Tooth regeneration|tooth regeneration]]
|
|-
| [[Engineering:Tricorder|Tricorder]]
|  Research and development
|  Diagnosing medical conditions
| Medical tricorder
|-
| [[Biology:Virotherapy|Virotherapy]]
|  Research, human trials
|  Gene therapy, cancer therapy
| [[Biology:Virotherapy|Virotherapy]], Oncolytic Virus
|-
| [[Physics:Vitrification|Vitrification]] or [[Biology:Cryoprotectant|cryoprotectant]]
|  Research, some experiments<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/10223/1079017-115.stm|title=Research updates: CMU prof wins grants for very cool technology|access-date=18 November 2011|publisher=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=11 August 2010|archive-date=4 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004180547/https://old.post-gazette.com/pg/10223/1079017-115.stm|url-status=live}}</ref>
| [[Medicine:Organ transplantation|Organ transplantation]], [[Physics:Cryonics|cryonics]]
|
|}

===Neuroscience===

<!--
To add a new row to the table, insert

|-
I - Emerging technology
I - Potentially marginalized technologies
I - Potential applications
| - Related articles

and replace the placeholder with appropriate text.
-->
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Emerging technology
! Status
! Potential applications
! Related articles
|-
|[[Philosophy:Artificial brain|Artificial brain]]
|Research<ref name="telegraph1" />
|Treatment of neurological disease, [[Artificial intelligence|artificial intelligence]]
|[[Blue Brain Project]], [[Human Brain Project]]
|-
| [[Brain–computer interface]]
| Research and commercialization
| Faster [[Biology:Communication|communication]] and [[Learning|learning]], as well as more "real" [[Philosophy:Entertainment|entertainment]] (generation of feelings and information in brain on-demand) and the control of emotions in the mentally ill<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.technologyreview.com/news/527561/military-funds-brain-computer-interfaces-to-control-feelings/|title=DARPA Program Seeks to Use Brain Implants to Control Mental Illness – MIT Technology Review|work=MIT Technology Review}}</ref>
| [[Philosophy:Experience machine|Experience machine]], [[Company:Neuralink|Neuralink]], [[Stent-electrode recording array]]
|-
| [[Brain-reading]], [[Neuroinformatics|neuroinformatics]]
| Research<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/8782214/Mind-reading-research-the-major-breakthroughs.html|title=Mind-reading research: the major breakthroughs|access-date=18 November 2011|work=The Telegraph|date=22 September 2011|archive-date=3 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111203031130/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/8782214/Mind-reading-research-the-major-breakthroughs.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/8781503/Mind-reading-device-recreates-what-we-see-in-our-heads.html#disqus_thread|title='Mind-reading device' recreates what we see in our heads|access-date=18 November 2011|work=The Telegraph|date=22 September 2011|archive-date=11 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111111095357/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/8781503/Mind-reading-device-recreates-what-we-see-in-our-heads.html#disqus_thread|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|
| 
|-
| [[Biology:Electroencephalography|Electroencephalography]]
| Research, diffusion<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/IBM-Mind-Control-Possible-in-5-Years-IBM-135884763.html|title='Mind Control' Possible in 5 Years: IBM|access-date=21 December 2011|publisher=NBC Bay Area|date=21 December 2011|archive-date=31 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231001949/http://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/IBM-Mind-Control-Possible-in-5-Years-IBM-135884763.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
| Controlling electronic devices via brain waves
| [[BrainGate]]
|-
| [[Engineering:Head transplant|Head transplant]]
| Success in [[Biology:Animal testing|animal experiments]], including 2-headed result
| Treatment of debilitating diseases or severe [[Medicine:Disfigurement|disfigurement]]
| | [[Engineering:Brain transplant|Brain transplant]], [[Medicine:Hand transplantation|hand transplantation]], [[Medicine:Organ transplantation|organ transplantation]]
|-
| Memory erasure
| 
| Treatment of [[Medicine:Post-traumatic stress disorder|post-traumatic stress disorder]]
|
|-
| [[Biology:Neuroprosthetics|Neuroprosthetics]]
| Research, animal trials
| [[Biology:Visual prosthesis|Visual prosthesis]], [[Brain implant|brain implant]], exocortex, [[Biology:Retinal implant|retinal implant]], neurograin<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.brown.edu/news/2017-07-10/neurograins|title=Brown to receive up to $19M to engineer next-generation brain-computer interface|publisher=Brown.edu|access-date=9 July 2019|archive-date=10 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710023207/https://www.brown.edu/news/2017-07-10/neurograins|url-status=live}}</ref>
|
|-
|[[Wetware computer]]
|Experimentation
|Artificial general intelligence, better understanding of neurons
|
|}

==Military==
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|-
| Emerging technology
| Status
| Potentially marginalized technologies
| Potential applications

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{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Emerging technology
! Status
! Potential applications
! Related articles
|-
| [[Engineering:Caseless ammunition|Caseless ammunition]]
|  Field tests and limited commercialization
|Lighter and cheaper [[Engineering:Ammunition|ammunition]]; the lack of a case may also simplify the design of firearms
| [[Engineering:Lightweight Small Arms Technologies|Lightweight Small Arms Technologies]]
|-
| [[Physics:Cloaking device|Cloaking device]]
|  Successful experiments cloaking small objects under some conditions<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2011/01/110128-invisibility-cloak-magic-crystal-mit-barbastathis-science/ |title=New Invisibility Cloak Closer to Working "Magic" |author=Rachel Kaufman |date=28 January 2011 |work=National Geographic News |access-date=4 February 2011 |archive-date=3 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110203050458/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2011/01/110128-invisibility-cloak-magic-crystal-mit-barbastathis-science/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| Stealth
| [[Physics:Metamaterial cloaking|Metamaterial cloaking]]
|-
| [[Physics:Directed-energy weapon|Directed-energy weapon]]
|  Research, development, some prototypes<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-13034521|title=Laser gun tested on US Navy ship in Pacific Ocean|access-date=18 April 2011|publisher=BBC News|date=11 April 2011|archive-date=16 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110416180559/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-13034521|url-status=live}}</ref>
|
| Laser Weapon System, Iron Beam
|-
| [[Physics:Electrolaser|Electrolaser]]
|  Research and development
| 
|
|-
| [[Engineering:Electrothermal-chemical technology|Electrothermal-chemical technology]]
| Research and development
|  Tank, artillery, and close-in weapon systems
|
|-
| Force field
|  Hypothetical, experiments<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/7487740/Star-Trek-style-force-field-armour-being-developed-by-military-scientists.html|title=Star Trek-style force-field armour being developed by military scientists|access-date=16 April 2011|work=The Telegraph|date=20 March 2010|archive-date=28 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110128043346/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/7487740/Star-Trek-style-force-field-armour-being-developed-by-military-scientists.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|  Military and law enforcement, space travel
| [[Physics:Plasma window|Plasma window]]
|-
| [[Chemistry:Green bullet|Green bullet]]
|  Development
|  Environment-friendly ammunition
|
|-
| [[Engineering:Cruise missile#Hypersonic|Hypersonic cruise missile]]
|  Development
|
| [[Engineering:Avangard (hypersonic glide vehicle)|Avangard]], [[Engineering:Kh-47M2 Kinzhal|Kinzhal]], [[Engineering:3M22 Zircon|Zircon]], [[Engineering:BrahMos-II|BrahMos-II]], [[Engineering:Prompt Global Strike|Prompt Global Strike]], [[Engineering:DARPA Falcon Project|DARPA Falcon Project]], [[Engineering:DF-ZF|DF-ZF]], [[Engineering:Boeing X-51 Waverider|Boeing X-51 Waverider]]
|-
| [[Physics:Laser weapon|Laser weapon]]
|   Research and development, trials
|  Tracking and destruction of rockets, bombs, drones etc.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.foxnews.com/tech/2014/09/29/navy-tests-new-vehicle-mounted-laser-weapon/ |title=Navy tests new vehicle-mounted laser weapon |publisher=Fox News |date=29 September 2014 |archive-date=11 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011075322/http://www.foxnews.com/tech/2014/09/29/navy-tests-new-vehicle-mounted-laser-weapon/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| Advanced Tactical Laser, High Energy Liquid Laser Area Defense System
|-
| [[Engineering:MAHEM|MAHEM]]
| Research and development
| A formed penetrator using molten metal in place of self-forging explosives
| [[Physics:Explosively pumped flux compression generator|Explosively pumped flux compression generator]]
|-
| [[Engineering:Precision-guided firearm|Precision-guided firearm]] 
| Research and development
| Increased accuracy by marksmen
| EXACTO, [[Engineering:Smart bullet|Smart bullet]], [[Company:TrackingPoint|TrackingPoint]]
|-
| [[Engineering:Railgun|Railgun]]
|  Research and development<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/node/21532245|title=Electromagnetic weapons – Frying tonight|access-date=19 November 2011|newspaper=The Economist|date=15 October 2011|archive-date=19 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111119014732/http://www.economist.com/node/21532245|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/scitech/2010/12/10/navy-railgun-shoots-bullets-electromagnet/|title=Navy Sets World Record With Incredible, Sci-Fi Weapon|access-date=19 November 2011|publisher=Fox News|date=10 December 2010|archive-date=27 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111127235208/http://www.foxnews.com/scitech/2010/12/10/navy-railgun-shoots-bullets-electromagnet/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|  Cheaper and safer [[Engineering:Ammunition|ammunition]]
| [[Engineering:Coilgun|Coilgun]]
|-
| [[Engineering:Stealth technology|Stealth technology]]
|  Research and development
| [[Social:Electronic countermeasure|Electronic countermeasure]]s
| [[Physics:Plasma stealth|Plasma stealth]], [[Engineering:Stealth aircraft|Stealth aircraft]], Radar-absorbent material
|-
| Telescoped ammunition
|  Research and development
|  More compact [[Engineering:Cartridge (firearms)|cartridges]]
|
|-
| [[Engineering:Lightweight Small Arms Technologies|Lightweight Small Arms Technologies]]
| Research and development 
|
|
|}

==Space==
<!--
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|-
| Emerging Technology
| Status
| Potentially Marginalized Technologies
| Potential Applications

and replace the placeholder with appropriate text.
-->{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Emerging technology
! Status
! Potential applications
! Related articles
|-
| [[Physics:Artificial gravity|Artificial gravity]]
| Research and development 
|  Space travel
|Spin gravity
|-
| [[Astronomy:Asteroid mining|Asteroid mining]]
|  Conceptual; NASA has announced plans to capture and redirect an asteroid<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/content/new-imagery-of-asteroid-mission/#.UoJcYuLiQTE|title=New Imagery of Asteroid Mission|work=NASA|date=2013-08-13|access-date=12 November 2013|archive-date=12 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112173302/http://www.nasa.gov/content/new-imagery-of-asteroid-mission/#.UoJcYuLiQTE|url-status=live}}</ref>
|Commerce, resource supply
|
|-
| Inflatable space habitat
|  Development, prototypes built and tested
|  Space habitats
| [[Company:Bigelow Aerospace|Bigelow Aerospace]]
|-
| [[Astronomy:Reusable launch vehicle|Reusable launch vehicle]]
| Commercial 
| Circumvention of the cost of [[Engineering:Expendable launch system|expendable launch vehicles]] outside of national government or military missions
| [[Astronomy:Reusable launch vehicle|Reusable launch vehicle]]
|-
|[[Astronomy:Breakthrough Starshot|Starshot]]
| Research
|Uncrewed interstellar probes<ref>{{Cite web|title=Breakthrough Initiatives|url=https://breakthroughinitiatives.org/initiative/3|access-date=2020-08-29|website=breakthroughinitiatives.org|language=en|archive-date=22 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190522213948/https://breakthroughinitiatives.org/initiative/3|url-status=live}}</ref>
|
|-
|Stasis chamber
|Research and development, experiments<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.digitaltrends.com/cool-tech/spaceworks-stasis-chamber/|title=Spaceworks may have a real-world stasis chamber for space travel by 2018|date=2017-01-29|newspaper=Digital Trends|language=en-US|access-date=2017-02-01|archive-date=2 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202075438/http://www.digitaltrends.com/cool-tech/spaceworks-stasis-chamber/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|Interplanetary space travel, interstellar space travel, medical
|
|}

=={{visible anchor|Robotics|Robotics and applied mechanics}}==
<!--
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|-
| Emerging technology
| Status
| Potentially marginalized technologies
| Potential applications

and replace the placeholder with appropriate text.
-->
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Emerging technology
! Status
! Potential applications
! Related articles
|-
| [[Engineering:Android (robot)|Android]], [[Engineering:Gynoid|gynoid]]
|  Research, development, prototypes, diffusion, commercializing<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.technologytell.com/gadgets/150728/softbank-robot-reach-us-less-year/|title=SoftBank robot to reach US in less than a year|work=TechnologyTell|access-date=9 October 2014|archive-date=14 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014213800/http://www.technologytell.com/gadgets/150728/softbank-robot-reach-us-less-year/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| Disabled, infant and older people care, housekeeping, sex-worker, flight-attendant, model, hostess, waiter, security guard
| Tesla bot
|- 
| Gastrobot
| Prototypes
|Robots fuelled by digesting organic matter
|
|-
| [[Engineering:Molecular nanotechnology|Molecular nanotechnology]], [[Physics:Nanorobotics|nanorobotics]]
|  Hypothetical, experiments<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/7837967.stm|title=Tiny motors may be big in surgery|access-date=21 April 2011|publisher=BBC News|date=20 January 2009|archive-date=4 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004180547/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7837967.stm|url-status=live}}</ref>
|  Machines that can make anything given the materials, cheap planetary [[Earth:Terraforming|terraforming]]
|[[Engineering:Rotimatic|Rotimatic]]
|-
| [[Engineering:Powered exoskeleton|Powered exoskeleton]]
|  Research, development, prototypes, diffusion, commercializing<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Scientific American|author=Christopher Mims|title=Exoskeletons Give New Life to Legs|url=http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=honda-exoskeleton-assist-devices|year=2009|access-date=21 April 2009|archive-date=4 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004180549/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/honda-exoskeleton-assist-devices/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|  Heavy lifting, [[Engineering:Paralysis|paralysis]], muscle-related diseases, warfare, construction, firefighting, care for the elderly and disabled
| [[Engineering:LOPES (exoskeleton)|LOPES (exoskeleton)]], [[Company:ReWalk|ReWalk]], [[Engineering:Human Universal Load Carrier|Human Universal Load Carrier]], fictional armor Iron Man's armor, Future Force Warrior
|-
| [[Engineering:Self-reconfiguring modular robot|Self-reconfiguring modular robot]]
|  Hypothetical, experiments, early prototypes
|  As a universal physical machine, SRCMR may change the way many physical structures and machines are made
| [[Engineering:Robot|Robot]], [[Engineering:Swarm robotics|swarm robotics]], [[Engineering:Autonomous research robot|autonomous research robot]]
|-
| [[Engineering:Swarm robotics|Swarm robotics]]
|  Hypothetical, experiments<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/node/16789226|title=Riders on a swarm|access-date=21 April 2011|newspaper=The Economist|date=12 August 2010|archive-date=25 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110325155458/http://www.economist.com//node//16789226|url-status=live}}</ref>
|  Autonomous construction, space construction
| [[Swarm intelligence]], autonomous robotics, [[Physics:Nanorobotics|nanorobotics]], [[Particle swarm optimization|particle swarm optimization]], multi-agent systems, [[Engineering:Behavior-based robotics|behavior-based robotics]]
|-
| [[Engineering:Uncrewed vehicle|Uncrewed vehicle]]
|  Research and development, diffusion, commercial
|  Transport of goods, surveillance, [[Physics:Oceanography|oceanography]], wildfire mapping, pipeline security, home security, anti-piracy, border control, pursuing criminals, oil, gas and mineral exploration and production, geophysical and geomagnetic surveys, exploration of hazardous areas, firefighting,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.computerworld.com/article/2489381/emerging-technology/u-s--navy-to-test-humanoid-robotic-firefighters.html|title=U.S. Navy to test humanoid robotic firefighters|author=Sharon Gaudin|date=2 April 2014|work=Computerworld|access-date=20 October 2014|archive-date=20 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020232120/http://www.computerworld.com/article/2489381/emerging-technology/u-s--navy-to-test-humanoid-robotic-firefighters.html|url-status=live}}</ref> military and peacekeeping operations, search and rescue, [[Social:Bomb disposal|bomb disposal]], police raids
| [[Engineering:Unmanned aerial vehicle|Unmanned aerial vehicle]], AeroVironment, [[Engineering:AeroVironment Global Observer|AeroVironment Global Observer]], [[Engineering:AeroVironment Nano Hummingbird|AeroVironment Nano Hummingbird]], Unmanned combat air vehicle, Unmanned ground vehicle, Unmanned space vehicle, [[Earth:Unmanned surface vehicle|Unmanned surface vehicle]], Unmanned underwater vehicle, [[Engineering:Autonomous underwater vehicle|Autonomous underwater vehicle]]

|}

==Transport==
<!--
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|-
| Emerging technology
| Field
| Status
| Potentially marginalized technologies
| Potential applications

and replace the placeholder with appropriate text.
-->
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Emerging technology
! Status
! Potential applications
! Related articles
|-
| [[Engineering:Airless tire|Airless tire]]
|  Research, development, early prototypes<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=tires-that-dont-need-air|title=Airless Tire Promises Grace Under Pressure for Soldiers|access-date=6 December 2011|publisher=Scientific American|date=11 August 2008|archive-date=29 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429005130/http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=tires-that-dont-need-air|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/business/T111205005170.htm|title=New tire models to go without air or oil|access-date=6 December 2011|publisher=The Daily Yomiuri|date=6 December 2011|archive-date=5 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111205204750/http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/business/T111205005170.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
|  Safer tires
| [[Engineering:Tweel|Tweel]]
|-
|[[Engineering:Atmospheric satellite|Atmospheric satellite]]
|Experimentation
|More widespread communications
|
|-
| [[Engineering:Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit|Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit]]
|  Commercialization, diffusion
|  Reducing [[Earth:Air pollution|air pollution]], decreasing oil consumption
| [[Engineering:Electric vehicle|Electric vehicle]]
|-
|  Flexible wings (X-53 Active Aeroelastic Wing, Adaptive Compliant Wing), [[Physics:Fluidics#Research|fluidic flight controls]]
|  Experiments, prototypes<ref>{{citation |last=Scott |first=William B. |title=Morphing Wings |newspaper=Aviation Week & Space Technology |date=27 November 2006 |url=http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/ |access-date=26 April 2011 |archive-date=26 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110426122028/http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.flxsys.com/aerospace.shtml |title=FlexSys Inc.: Aerospace |access-date=26 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616074103/http://www.flxsys.com/aerospace.shtml |archive-date=16 June 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.flxsys.com/pdf/NATO_Conf_Paper-KOTA.pdf |title=Mission Adaptive Compliant Wing&nbsp;– Design, Fabrication and Flight Test |first1=Sridhar |last1=Kota |first2=Russell |last2=Osborn |first3=Gregory |last3=Ervin |first4=Dragan |last4=Maric |first5=Peter |last5=Flick |first6=Donald |last6=Paul |publisher=FlexSys Inc., Air Force Research Laboratory |location=Ann Arbor, MI; Dayton, OH, U.S.A. |access-date=26 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322211547/http://www.flxsys.com/pdf/NATO_Conf_Paper-KOTA.pdf |archive-date=22 March 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= Showcase UAV Demonstrates Flapless Flight |publisher= BAE Systems |year= 2010 |url= http://www.baesystems.com/AboutUs/ShowcaseUAVDemonstratesFlaplessFlight/ |access-date= 22 December 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110707205548/http://www.baesystems.com/AboutUs/ShowcaseUAVDemonstratesFlaplessFlight/ |archive-date= 7 July 2011 |url-status= dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Demon UAV jets into history by flying without flaps |newspaper=Metro |agency=Associated Press|location=London |date=28 September 2010 |url=http://www.metro.co.uk/news/842292-plane-jets-into-history-by-flying-without-flaps |access-date=29 September 2010 |archive-date=23 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823110258/http://www.metro.co.uk/news/842292-plane-jets-into-history-by-flying-without-flaps |url-status=live }}</ref>
|  Controlling aircraft, ships
| Aircraft flight control system, BAE Systems Demon, [[Physics:Fluidics|fluidics]]
|-
| [[Engineering:Distributed propulsion|Distributed propulsion]]
| Prototypes
| More efficient air travel
|
|-
| Flying car
|  Early commercialization, prototypes<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/lifestyle/terrafugia-transition-flying-car-to-go-into-proudction-after-us-approval/story-e6frg9zo-1225886520998|title=Terrafugia Transition flying car to go into production after US approval|access-date=6 December 2011|publisher=The Australian|date=1 July 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-07-02/science/28319061_1_roadable-aircraft-car-traffic-jam|title=Stuck in traffic? Turn your car into a plane in 30 secs|access-date=6 December 2011|date=2 July 2010|archive-date=27 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121027213001/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-07-02/science/28319061_1_roadable-aircraft-car-traffic-jam|work=The Times of India|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|  More effective transportation
| [[Engineering:Terrafugia Transition|Terrafugia Transition]], Moller M400 Skycar, [[Engineering:Urban Aeronautics X-Hawk|Urban Aeronautics X-Hawk]], AeroMobil
|-
| [[Physics:Fusion rocket|Fusion rocket]]
|   Research, development<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.washington.edu/news/2013/04/04/rocket-powered-by-nuclear-fusion-could-send-humans-to-mars/ |title=Rocket powered by nuclear fusion could send humans to Mars |date=4 April 2013 |archive-date=2 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141102221532/http://www.washington.edu/news/2013/04/04/rocket-powered-by-nuclear-fusion-could-send-humans-to-mars/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| Fast interplanetary travel, with limited [[Engineering:Interstellar travel|interstellar travel]] applications
| 
|-
| [[Engineering:Ground-level power supply|Ground-level power supply]]
|   Standardization,<ref name="TS50717">{{citation |url=https://standardsdevelopment.bsigroup.com/projects/2020-03529 |title=PD CLC/TS 50717 Technical Requirements for Current Collectors for ground-level feeding system on road vehicles in operation |website=The British Standards Institution |year=2022 |accessdate=11 February 2022 |archive-date=11 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211062131/https://standardsdevelopment.bsigroup.com/projects/2020-03529}}</ref><ref>{{citation |url=http://ri.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1540005/FULLTEXT01.pdf |title=Key Messages on Electric Roads – Executive Summary from the CollERS Project |date=26 March 2021 |accessdate=11 February 2022 |editor=Martin G. H. Gustavsson |website=CollERS |page=6}}</ref> commercialization<ref>{{citation |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I5xdJMoz_WA  |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211222/I5xdJMoz_WA |archive-date=2021-12-22 |url-status=live|title=Electric Road Systems – PIARC Online Discussion |author=PIARC |date=17 February 2021 |at=34 minutes 34 seconds}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{citation |url=https://trm24.fr/lancement-du-projet-de-recherche-eroadmontblanc/ |title=L'APS d'Alstom bientôt testé sur les routes |author=Jean-Philippe Pastre |website=TRM24 |date=June 30, 2023}}</ref>
| Reduction of required battery size and weight for [[Engineering:Battery electric vehicle|battery electric vehicle]]s by charging while driving
| {{unbulleted list|Trafikverkets Program för Elvägar|Transport in France § Electric roads}}
|-
| [[Engineering:Hoverbike|Hoverbike]]
| Working prototypes, early commercialization
| Package delivery, search and rescue
|
|-
| [[Engineering:Hovertrain|Hovertrain]], [[Engineering:Ground effect train|Ground effect train]], Ground effect vehicle
|  Research, development<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnngo.com/explorations/life/japanese-scientists-invent-trains-flies-976740|title=Flying train unveiled by Japanese scientists|access-date=7 December 2011|publisher=CNN|date=13 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120109050741/http://www.cnngo.com/explorations/life/japanese-scientists-invent-trains-flies-976740|archive-date=9 January 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2011-05/12/ground-effect-train|title=Robot plane-train uses ground-effect principle to levitate|access-date=7 December 2011|magazine=Wired|date=12 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111121122706/http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2011-05/12/ground-effect-train|archive-date=21 November 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|  Faster trains
| [[Engineering:Aérotrain|Aérotrain]], [[Organization:Duke University Medical Center Patient Rapid Transit|Duke Hospital PRT]], Hovercraft
|-
| [[Engineering:Hybrid airship|Hybrid airship]]
| Prototypes
| Air travel with low fuel consumption
| Airlander 10
|-
|[[Engineering:Ion-propelled aircraft|Ion-propelled aircraft]]
|Research, development, prototypes<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Masuyama |first1=K. |last2=Barrett |first2=S. R. H. |year=2013 |title=On the performance of electrohydrodynamic propulsion |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences |volume=469 |issue=2154 |page=20120623 |bibcode=2013RSPSA.46920623M |doi=10.1098/rspa.2012.0623 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Electrohydrodynamic effect offers promise for efficient propulsion in air |url=http://lae.mit.edu/ehd/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150918184304/http://lae.mit.edu/ehd/ |archive-date=18 September 2015}}</ref>
|Better flying transportation, efficient propulsion in air
|[[Physics:Electrohydrodynamics|Electrohydrodynamics]]
|-
| [[Engineering:Jet pack|Jet pack]] or [[Engineering:Backpack helicopter|backpack helicopter]]
|  Early commercialization, prototypes<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/australiaandthepacific/newzealand/7307195/Flying-into-the-future-New-Zealand-company-to-make-personal-jet-packs.html|title=Flying into the future: New Zealand company to make personal jet packs|access-date=6 December 2011|work=The Telegraph|date=24 February 2010|archive-date=29 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111129032500/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/australiaandthepacific/newzealand/7307195/Flying-into-the-future-New-Zealand-company-to-make-personal-jet-packs.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|  More effective individual transportation
|
|-
| [[Engineering:Public transport|Low Cost]] Semi-High speed Rail (LCSHR) 
|  Commercialization<ref>https://www.crrcgc.cc/en/g7389/s14333/t298458.aspx</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=好消息！西安-旬阳6日起开行"绿动车" 运行时间2小时左右 - 西部网（陕西新闻网） |url=http://www.cnwest.com/tszx/a/2020/12/04/19342301.html |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=www.cnwest.com}}</ref>
|  low-cost and Mass Produced [[Engineering:Railway electrification|Fully electric]] [[Engineering:Electric multiple unit|EMU]]  trains which are Environmentally friendly
| China Railway CR200J, Vande Bharat Express
|-
| Regional Rapid Transit System (RRTS)
|  Underconstruction<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-27 |title=RRTS may miss June 30 deadline in Ghaziabad |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/noida-news/regional-rapid-transit-system-rrts-project-likely-to-miss-deadline-for-opening-of-priority-section-in-ghaziabad-101687805666729.html |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
|  Metro rail like system for replacing commuter rail
|
|-
| Maglev train
|  Research, early commercialization, diffusion<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnngo.com/shanghai/life/china-maglev-train-hits-1200-kph-636051|title=China scientists claim 1,200&nbsp;km/h train|access-date=7 December 2011|publisher=CNN|date=1 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111126112352/http://www.cnngo.com/shanghai/life/china-maglev-train-hits-1200-kph-636051|archive-date=26 November 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.shanghaidaily.com/sp/article/2010/201008/20100803/article_445162.htm|title=Laboratory working on train to run at 1,000&nbsp;km/h|access-date=7 December 2011|publisher=Shanghai Daily|date=3 August 2010|archive-date=17 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117013919/http://www.shanghaidaily.com/sp/article/2010/201008/20100803/article_445162.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
|  Faster trains
| [[Physics:Transrapid|Transrapid]], Shanghai Maglev Train, [[Biography:Linimo|Linimo]]
|-
| [[Physics:Magnetic levitation|Magnetic levitation]]
|  Research, development, Commercialization (Maglev Train)
| High temperature superconductivity, [[Physics:Cryogenics|cryogenics]], low temperature refrigerators, superconducting magnet design and construction, fiber reinforced plastics for vehicles and structural concretes, communication and high power solid-state controls, vehicle design (aerodynamics and noise mitigation), precision manufacturing, construction and fabrication of concrete structures,<ref>{{cite web |title= The Potential for Maglev Applications |publisher= about.com |url= http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blrailroad5.htm |archive-url= https://archive.today/20120710024440/http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blrailroad5.htm |url-status= dead |archive-date= 10 July 2012 }}</ref> maglev car, maglev based spacecraft launch
| [[Engineering:Vactrain|Vactrain]], [[Physics:Levicar|Levicar]]
|-
| [[Physics:Magnetohydrodynamic drive|Magnetohydrodynamic drive]]
|  Research, development, prototypes<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-13 |title=The US military revives an idea for stealthy sea power |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-65958967 |access-date=2023-11-09}}</ref>
| Marine Propulsion, Aircraft Propulsion, Spacecraft Propulsion
| [[Engineering:Yamato 1|Yamato 1]]
|-
| [[Physics:Mass driver|Mass driver]]
|  Prototypes
|
|
|-
|[[Chemistry:Orbital propellant depot|Orbital propellant depot]]
|Research, development
|Deep-space missions with larger payloads, satellite life extension, lowering cost per kg launched to space
|
|-
| [[Engineering:Personal rapid transit|Personal rapid transit]]
|  Early commercialization, diffusion<ref>{{cite news|url=http://wheels.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/09/20/pod-cars-start-to-gain-traction-in-some-cities/?partner=rss&emc=rss|title=Pod Cars Start to Gain Traction in Some Cities|access-date=7 December 2011|work=The New York Times|date=20 September 2010|archive-date=12 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512122028/http://wheels.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/09/20/pod-cars-start-to-gain-traction-in-some-cities/?partner=rss&emc=rss|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7148731.stm|title=Are driverless pods the future?|access-date=7 December 2011|publisher=BBC News|date=18 December 2007|archive-date=17 February 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090217042735/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7148731.stm|url-status=live}}</ref>
|  More effective transportation
| Morgantown PRT, ULTra
|-
| [[Physical Internet]]
|  Research<ref>[http://phys.org/news/2012-10-physical-internet-profits-carbon-emissions.html Physical Internet would increase profits, reduce carbon emissions, study finds] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127045702/http://phys.org/news/2012-10-physical-internet-profits-carbon-emissions.html |date=27 January 2013 }}. Phys.org. Retrieved on 21 July 2013.</ref>
|
|
|-
| Skytram<ref>{{Cite web |last=BATRAK |first=OLEKSANDR |date=2023-05-01 |title=Sky Train testing in China |url=https://www.railway.supply/en/sky-train-testing-in-china/ |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=Railway Supply |language=en-US}}</ref>
|  Commercialization
|  Metro rail like system which are more cheaper to built
| 
|-
| Scooter-sharing system
| Commercialization
| Increased density<ref name="Have A Go 2018">{{cite web | title=The Disgraceful Dockless Drama: What Dockless Bikes/Scooters Are Exposing | website=Have A Go | date=2018-04-18 | url=http://haveago.city/disgraceful-dockless-drama/ | access-date=2018-06-04 | archive-date=29 May 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180529074917/http://haveago.city/disgraceful-dockless-drama/ | url-status=live }}</ref>
| Bird (company)
|-
| [[Engineering:Vactrain|Vactrain]]
| Research, development<ref>{{cite news |date=16 August 2010 |title=How vactrains work |work=The Seattle Times|url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/living/2012635431_webstuff17.html |url-status=live |access-date=7 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100922110935/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/living/2012635431_webstuff17.html |archive-date=22 September 2010}}</ref>
| Faster way to get somewhere
| [[Company:ET3 Global Alliance|ET3 Global Alliance]], [[Engineering:Hyperloop|Hyperloop]]
|-
|[[Physics:Plasma propulsion engine|Plasma propulsion]]
|Research and development
|Spacecraft propulsion
|
|-
|[[Engineering:Pulse detonation engine|Pulse detonation engine]]
|Research and development; one prototype flown in 2008<ref>Norris, G., "Pulse Power: Pulse Detonation Engine-powered Flight Demonstration Marks Milestone in Mojave," ''Aviation Week & Space Technology'', Vol. 168, No. 7, 2008, pp. 60.</ref>
|Higher-efficiency propulsion
|
|-
| Quiet Supersonic Technology
| Prototype
| Supersonic air travel over land
|
|-
| [[Engineering:Self-driving car|Self-driving car]]
| Research, development, early commercialization
| Computer-driven vehicles,more effective transportation. | Reducing concerns of tiredness while driving and also looking outside in the car. Helpful in countries where employment of personal drivers is expensive. 
| [[Company:Waymo|Waymo]], Tesla FSD
|-
| [[Astronomy:Space elevator|Space elevator]]
| Research<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/11/04/AR2009110405052.html|title=Robot passes test in space elevator contest|access-date=19 November 2011|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=5 November 2009|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402193452/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/11/04/AR2009110405052.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[Astronomy:Non-rocket spacelaunch|Non-rocket spacelaunch]]
| [[Astronomy:Orbital ring|Orbital ring]], [[Engineering:Skyhook (structure)|Sky hook]], [[Astronomy:Space fountain|Space fountain]]
|-
| [[Astronomy:Spaceplane|Spaceplane]]
|  Research, development<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/plans-to-develop-space-plane-are-go/story-e6frg6so-1111117793952|title=Plans to develop space-plane are go|access-date=7 December 2011|publisher=The Australian|date=20 October 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-13506289|title=UK Skylon spaceplane passes key review|access-date=7 December 2011|publisher=BBC News|date=24 May 2011|archive-date=20 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120051936/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-13506289|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/money_co/2011/11/x37b-space-plane-air-force.html|title=Air Force says it's extending mission of mysterious X-37B|access-date=7 December 2011|work=Los Angeles Times|date=29 November 2011|archive-date=9 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111209132437/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/money_co/2011/11/x37b-space-plane-air-force.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
| Hypersonic transport
| [[Engineering:Reaction Engines A2|A2]], [[Engineering:Skylon (spacecraft)|Skylon]]
|-
| [[Engineering:Vehicular communication systems|Vehicular communication systems]]
|  Research and development, some diffusion
| Traffic management, automatic accommodation of emergency vehicles, driver assistance systems, automated highways
| [[Engineering:Artificial Passenger|Artificial Passenger]], [[Finance:Dedicated short-range communications|Dedicated short-range communications]], [[Engineering:Intelligent transportation system|Intelligent transportation system]]
|}

==See also==
{{col-begin}}{{col-break|width=20%}}
'''General:'''
*[[Social:Anthropogeny|Anthropogenics]]
*[[Differential technological development]]
*[[Physics:Diffusion of innovations|Diffusion of innovations]]
*[[Social:Disruptive innovation|Disruptive innovation]]
*[[Social:Ecological modernization|Ecological modernization]]
*Environmental technology
*[[Engineering:Frugal innovation|Frugal innovation]]
*[[Engineering:Green development|Green development]]
*[[Engineering:Industrial ecology|Industrial ecology]]
*List of existing technologies predicted in science fiction
*[[Unsolved:List of hypothetical technologies|List of hypothetical technologies]]
*List of inventions
*[[Biography:List of inventors|List of inventors]]
*[[Sustainable development]]
*[[Engineering:Technology readiness level|Technology readiness level]]
{{col-break|width=20%}}

'''Ethics:'''
*[[Philosophy:Bioethics|Bioethics]]
*[[Philosophy:Casuistry|Casuistry]]
*[[Computer ethics]]
*Engineering ethics
*Nanoethics
*[[Biology:Neuroethics|Neuroethics]]
{{col-end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* [https://www.technologyreview.com/lists/technologies/2015/ Ten Breakthrough Technologies in 2015], ''MIT Technology Review''
* [https://www.technologyreview.com/lists/technologies/2016/ Ten Breakthrough Technologies in 2016], ''MIT Technology Review''
* [https://www.technologyreview.com/10-breakthrough-technologies/2017/ Ten Breakthrough Technologies in 2017], ''MIT Technology Review''
* [https://www.technologyreview.com/lists/technologies/2018/ Ten Breakthrough Technologies in 2018], ''MIT Technology Review''
* [https://www.technologyreview.com/lists/technologies/2019/ Ten Breakthrough Technologies in 2019], ''MIT Technology Review''
* [https://www.technologyreview.com/lists/technologies/2020/ Ten Breakthrough Technologies in 2020], ''MIT Technology Review''

{{DEFAULTSORT:Emerging Technologies}}
[[Category:Technology in society]]

{{Sourceattribution|List of emerging technologies}}