View source for Social:Individual reclamation

{{Short description|A form of direct action, characterized by the individual theft of resources from the rich by the poor.}}
'''Individual reclamation''' ({{lang-fr|reprise individuelle}}) is a form of direct action, characterized by the individual theft of resources from the rich by the poor. Individual reclamation gained popular attention in the early 20th century as a result of the exploits of [[Social:Anarchism|anarchists]] and outsiders, such as Ravachol and Clément Duval, who believed that such expropriations were ethical because of the exploitation of society by capitalists (see [[Social:Anti-capitalism|Anti-capitalism]]). Advocacy centered on France, Belgium, Great Britain, and Switzerland.{{Cn|date=February 2021}}

==Conceptual origins==
In 1840, Pierre Joseph Proudhon, a French [[Social:Anarchism|anarchist]], wrote ''What Is Property?'', a question to which he famously answered "property is theft". By this, Proudhon meant that legitimate [[Finance:Private property|private property]] could result only from an individual's labor and all other capital was, in effect, stolen.<ref>Parry, Richard. The Bonnot Gang. Rebel Press, 1987. p. 15</ref> This economic world view converged in the minds of radicals with the Russian theorist Mikhail Bakunin's concept of [[Social:Propaganda of the deed|propaganda of the deed]], the use of physical violence against political enemies as a method of inspiring the masses.

A marginal sector of European [[Philosophy:Individualist anarchism|individualist anarchism]] derived the idea of individual reclamation as a means of breaking down what they perceived as the robbery of the laboring class by capitalists, politicians and the church. The individual's expropriation was regarded as legitimate resistance against an unfair social order, an ethical right to even the distribution of wealth.{{cn|date=February 2021}}

==Practice==
[[File:Band_a_bonnot_desenho.jpg|thumb|Caricature of the Bonnot gang]]
Well-known 19th century practitioners of individual reclamation included Ravachol and Clément Duval.{{Citation needed|date=February 2021}} A later generation of European anarchists, influenced by the anti-[[Philosophy:Essentialism|essentialism]] of [[Biography:Max Stirner|Max Stirner]], would eventually abandon the ethical framing of individual reclamation, proposing an ideology of illegalism and openly embracing criminality as a lifestyle.{{Citation needed|date=February 2021}} The most famous of these practitioners included the infamous Bonnot Gang of France.{{Cn|date=February 2021}}

In the 20th century, Lucio Urtubia, a Spanish practitioner of individual reclamation, stole millions from Citibank by forging traveler's checks.{{Citation needed|date=February 2021}} Between 1993 and 2007, Jaime Giménez Arbe robbed 36 banks in Spain, stealing more than €700,000 in what he described as an effort "to liberate the Spanish people" from the banking sector.<ref>''[http://www.thinkspain.com/news/noticia.asp?CodNoticia=13452 'Loner' claims he robbed banks 'to liberate Spanish people'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081024051358/http://www.thinkspain.com/news/noticia.asp?CodNoticia=13452 |date=2008-10-24 }}''</ref>

==See also==
* [[Philosophy:Agorism|Agorism]]
* Expropriative anarchism
* Enric Duran
* [[Finance:Labor theory of value|Labor theory of value]]
* Robin Hood
* Yomango

==Notes==
<references/>

==References==
* Proudhon, Pierre Joseph. ''What is property''.
* Hobsbawn, Eric. ''Bandits''. Frankfurt am Main (1972) ASIN B0012GHYFK
* Metzler, JB. ''Anarchismus und Literatur: Ein vergessenes Kapitel deutscher Literaturgeschichte zwischen 1890 und 1910''. (1987) {{ISBN|3-476-00622-0}}


[[Category:Anarchist theory]]

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