View source for Philosophy:Universal science

'''Universal science''' ({{lang-de|Universalwissenschaft}}; {{lang-la|scientia generalis, scientia universalis}}) is a branch of [[Philosophy:Metaphysics|metaphysics]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Osminskaya |first1=Natalia A. |title=Historical roots of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz's universal science |journal=Epistemology & Philosophy of Science |date=2018 |volume=55 |issue=2 |pages=165–179 |doi=10.5840/eps201855236}}</ref> In the work of [[Biography:Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz|Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz]], the universal science is the true [[Logic|logic]].<ref>Franz Exner, "''Über Leibnitz'ens Universal-Wissenschaft''", Prague, 1843</ref><ref>[http://www.zeno.org/Meyers-1905/A/Universalwissenschaft "Universalwissenschaft"]: entry in the Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon</ref><ref>Stanley Burris, [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/leibniz-logic-influence/ "Leibniz's Influence on 19th Century Logic"], [[Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]</ref> The idea of establishing a universal science originated in the seventeenth century with philosophers Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=McRae |first=Robert |date=1957 |title=The Unity of the Sciences: Bacon, Descartes, and Leibniz |journal=Journal of the History of Ideas |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=48 |doi=10.2307/2707578 |jstor=2707578 }}</ref> Bacon and Descartes conceptualized universal science as a unified approach to collect scientific information similar to encyclopedias of universal knowledge but were unsuccessful.<ref name=":0" /> Leibniz extended  their ideas to use logic as an "index" to order universal scientific and mathematical information<ref name=":0" /> as an operational system with a universal language.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Schrecker |first=Paul |date=1947 |title=Leibniz and the Art of Inventing Algorisms |journal=Journal of the History of Ideas |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=109 |doi=10.2307/2707443 |jstor=2707443 }}</ref>  [[Biography:Plato|Plato]]'s system of idealism, formulated using the teachings of [[Biography:Socrates|Socrates]], is a predecessor to the concept of universal science and influenced Leibniz' s views against materialism in favor of logic.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Grosholz |first=Emily |date=1996 |title=Plato and Leibniz against the Materialists |journal=Journal of the History of Ideas |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=255–276 |doi=10.1353/jhi.1996.0016 |s2cid=170105779 |via=JSTOR}}</ref> It emphasizes on the first principles which appear to be the reasoning behind everything, emerging and being in state with everything. This mode of reasoning had a supporting influence on great scientists such as Boole, Frege, Cantor, Hilbert, Gödel, and Turing. <ref>Kossak, Roman. “The Universal Computer: The Road from Leibniz to Turing by Martin Davis: THIRD EDITION. BOCA RATON, FL: CRC PRESS, 2018, XV + 222 PP., US $35.96, ISBN 978-1-138-50208-6.” Mathematical Intelligencer 41, no. 2 (June 2019): 78–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00283-018-09860-w.
</ref> All of these great minds shared a similar dream, vision or belief in a future where universal computing would eventually change everything. <ref> Davis, Martin. “The Universal Computer: The Road from Leibniz to Turing.” The American Mathematical Monthly 109 (June 1, 2002). https://doi.org/10.2307/2695463.
</ref> 

== See also ==
* Architectonics
* [[Philosophy:Unified Science|Unified Science]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* Stephen Palmquist, [http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/tp4/top02.html Heading 6, Philosophy as the Theological Science]

{{Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz}}

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[[Category:Philosophy of science]]



{{Sourceattribution|Universal science}}