View source for Organization:Wallops Flight Facility

{{Short description|American spaceport in Virginia}}
{{Infobox government agency
| agency_name     = Wallops Flight Facility
| nativename_a    =
| nativename_r    =
| logo            = Nasa_Wallops_Flight_Facility_Insignia.svg
| logo_width      = 100px
| logo_caption    = Wallops Flight Facility insignia
| seal            = NASA logo.svg
| seal_width      = 100px
| seal_caption    = 
| picture         =
| picture_width   = 220px
| picture_caption = 
| formed          = 1945
| preceding1      = Pilotless Aircraft Research Station
| preceding2      = Wallops Station
| dissolved       =
| parent_agency   = [[Organization:Goddard Space Flight Center|Goddard Space Flight Center]]<br/>[[Organization:NASA|NASA]]
| superseding     =
| jurisdiction    =
| headquarters    = Wallops Island, Virginia, {{coord|37.940194|-75.466389|region:US_type:landmark}}
| employees       = 1,400
| budget          =
| minister2_name  =
| minister2_pfo   =
| chief1_name     = David L. Pierce 
| chief1_position = director
| chief2_name     =
| chief2_position =
| chief3_name     =
| chief3_position =
| child1_agency   =
| child2_agency   =
| website         = [http://www.nasa.gov/centers/wallops/ nasa.gov/centers/wallops]
| footnotes       =
| map             = 06-WFF Map and Vicinity.png
| map_width       = 200px
| map_caption     = Wallops Flight Facility with its three separate parcels of property 
}}
[[File:NASA Wallops Flight Facility, 2010.jpg|thumb|NASA Wallops Flight Facility, 2010.]]

'''Wallops Flight Facility''' ('''WFF''') {{Airport codes|WAL|KWAL|WAL}} is a rocket launch site on Wallops Island on the Eastern Shore of Virginia, {{wipe|United States}}, just east of the Delmarva Peninsula and approximately {{convert|100|mi|km}} north-northeast of Norfolk. The facility is operated by the [[Organization:Goddard Space Flight Center|Goddard Space Flight Center]] in Greenbelt, Maryland, and primarily serves to support science and exploration missions for [[Organization:NASA|NASA]] and other Federal agencies. WFF includes an extensively instrumented range to support launches of more than a dozen types of [[Engineering:Sounding rocket|sounding rocket]]s;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sites.wff.nasa.gov/code810/vehicles.html |title=Sounding Rocket Vehicles |publisher=Nasa Wallops Flight Facility |access-date=22 April 2013 }}</ref> small expendable suborbital and orbital rockets;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sites.wff.nasa.gov/mpl/elvs.html |title=Expendable Launch Vehicles |publisher=Nasa Wallops Flight Facility |access-date=22 April 2013 }}</ref> high-altitude balloon flights carrying scientific instruments for atmospheric and astronomical research; and, using its Research Airport, [[Engineering:Flight test|flight test]]s of aeronautical research aircraft, including [[Engineering:Unmanned aerial vehicle|unmanned aerial vehicle]]s.

There have been over 16,000 launches from the rocket testing range at Wallops since its founding in 1945 in the quest for information on the flight characteristics of airplanes, launch vehicles, and spacecraft, and to increase the knowledge of the Earth's upper atmosphere and the environment of [[Astronomy:Outer space|outer space]]. The launch vehicles vary in size and power from the small Super Loki meteorological rockets to orbital-class vehicles.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sites.wff.nasa.gov/code840/news/Wallops_Range_Fact_Sheet.pdf |title=NFIRE |publisher=Nasa Wallops Flight Facility |access-date=22 April 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130219225204/http://sites.wff.nasa.gov/code840/news/Wallops_Range_Fact_Sheet.pdf |archive-date=19 February 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.marsspaceport.com/mid-atlantic-spaceport-mission |title=Overview |publisher=Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport |access-date=22 April 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004213040/http://www.marsspaceport.com/mid-atlantic-spaceport-mission |archive-date=4 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.slideshare.net/astrosociety/aas-goddard-201103301230wrobel |title=Activities at Wallops Flight Facility |publisher=American Astronautical Society |access-date=22 April 2013 }}</ref>

The Wallops Flight Facility also supports science missions for the [[Organization:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] (NOAA) and occasionally for foreign governments and commercial organizations. Wallops also supports development tests and exercises involving United States Navy aircraft and ship-based electronics and weapon systems in the Virginia Capes operating area, near the entrance to the Chesapeake Bay. In addition to its fixed-location instrumentation assets, the WFF range includes mobile [[Engineering:Radar|radar]], [[Telemetry|telemetry]] receivers, and command transmitters that can be transported by cargo planes to locations around the world, in order to establish a temporary range where no other instrumentation exists, to ensure safety, and to collect data in order to enable and support suborbital rocket launches from remote sites.

The WFF mobile range assets have been used to support rocket launches from locations in the Arctic and Antarctic regions, [[Earth:South America|South America]], Africa, Europe, {{wipe|Australia}}, and at sea. Workers at Wallops include approximately 1,000 full-time NASA [[Social:Civil service|civil service]] employees and the employees of contractors, about 30 U.S. Navy personnel, and about 100 employees of NOAA.

== History ==

In 1945, NASA's predecessor agency, the [[Organization:National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics|National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics]] (NACA), established a rocket launch site on Wallops Island under the direction of the [[Organization:Langley Research Center|Langley Research Center]]. This site was designated the '''Pilotless Aircraft Research Station''' and conducted high-speed aerodynamic research to supplement wind tunnel and laboratory investigations into the problems of flight. In 1958, Congress established NASA, which absorbed Langley Research Center and other NACA field centers and research facilities. At that time, the Pilotless Aircraft Research Station became a separate facility, '''Wallops Station''', operating directly under NASA Headquarters in Washington, D.C.

In 1959, NASA acquired the former '''Naval Air Station Chincoteague''', and engineering and administrative activities were moved to this location. In 1974, the Wallops Station was named '''Wallops Flight Center'''. The name was changed to '''Wallops Flight Facility''' in 1981, when it became part of Goddard Space Flight Center.

In the early years, research at Wallops concentrated on obtaining aerodynamic data at transonic and low supersonic speeds. Between 1959 and 1961, Project Mercury<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/mercury/mercury-overview.htm |title=Project Mercury Overview |publisher=Nasa Kennedy Space Centre |access-date=22 April 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603211738/http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/mercury/mercury-overview.htm |archive-date=3 June 2013 }}</ref> capsules were tested at Wallops in support of NASA's crewed space flight program - the Mercury program - before astronauts were launched from {{wipe|Cape Canaveral Air Force Station}} in Florida. Some of these tests using the [[Engineering:Little Joe (rocket)|Little Joe]] booster rocket were designed to flight-qualify components of the spacecraft, including the escape and recovery systems and some of the life support systems. Two rhesus monkeys, [[Engineering:Little Joe 2|Sam]] and Miss Sam, were sent aloft as pioneers for astronauts; both were recovered safely.

The first payload launched into orbit from Wallops Island was [[Astronomy:Explorer 9|Explorer IX]], atop a Scout rocket, on February 15, 1961.<ref>Myler, Joseph L. "7-Mile Salt Marsh, Sand Strip in Virginia Oldest, Tiniest Spaceport in U.S." (March 16, 1961), UPI via ''The Middlesboro Daily News", p. 3</ref>

On September 6, 2013, the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer ([[Astronomy:LADEE|LADEE]]) was launched from Wallops, atop a [[Engineering:Minotaur V|Minotaur V]] rocket. This was the first time that an American lunar mission had been launched from anywhere but Florida.<ref>"[http://www.space.com/22673-nasa-ladee-moon-launch-webcast.html NASA Launch Shoots for the Moon from Virginia Tonight: Watch It Online]", Space.com, September 6, 2013</ref>

Wallops Island is currently experiencing [[Earth:Coastal erosion|beach erosion]] of 10 to 22 feet (3 to 7 meters) a year, due in part to the current sea level rise; some access roads and parking lots have had to be rebuilt several times over the past five years. NASA has responded by continually fortifying the shoreline with sand.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/waters-edge-the-crisis-of-rising-sea-levels/ |title=As the seas rise, a slow-motion disaster gnaws at America's shores |last1=McNeill |first1=Ryan |last2=Nelson |first2=Deborah J. |date=4 September 2014 |website=www.reuters.com |publisher=Reuters |access-date=4 September 2014}}</ref>

A permanent ground control station for NASA's RQ-4 Global Hawk drone is at Wallops Flight Facility.<ref>[http://www.delmarvanow.com/story/news/local/virginia/2016/06/24/navy-triton-drones-wallops/86332348/ 3 governors, 1 mission: Bring drones to Wallops] Retrieved June 30, 2017.</ref>

== Facilities ==
[[File:08-WFF Airspace.jpg|thumb|upright]]

The WFF Main Base is located on the Eastern Shore of Virginia on the Delmarva Peninsula about {{convert|5|mi|km}} west of Chincoteague, Virginia; about {{convert|90|mi|km}} north of Norfolk, Virginia, and {{convert|40|mi|km}} southeast of Salisbury, Maryland. The WFF consists of three separate parcels of land totaling 6,200 acres (25&nbsp;km²): the Main Base, the Mainland, and the Wallops Island Launch Site. The Mainland and the Wallops Island Launch Site are about {{convert|7|mi|km}} southeast of the Main Base.

===Airspace===
Wallops operates controlled airspace with Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) qualified air traffic controllers including:

*The WFF Airport Control Zone to {{convert|2500|ft|m}} within a {{convert|5|smi|km|adj=on}} radius of the airport
*Restricted Area R-6604 connecting WFF airspace and offshore warning areas.

===Fixed facilities===
Major Wallops facilities include FAA-certified runways; an experimental UAV runway; and crash, fire, and rescue services. WFF has facilities for the receipt, inspection, assembly, checkout and storage of rocket motors and other hazardous pyrotechnic devices. The Wallops Island Launch Site includes six [[Engineering:Launch pad|launch pad]]s, three blockhouses for launch control, and assembly buildings to support the preparation and launching of suborbital and orbital launch vehicles.

[[File:03-WFF Launch Range Map.png|thumb|left|The NASA Wallops Flight Facility Range.]]

The Wallops Research Range includes ground-based and mobile systems, and a range control center. Its radar facilities and systems are used for tracking and surveillance. Telemetry facilities include a variety of antennas, receivers, and display instrumentation systems. Command uplink and optical tracking facilities are included as part of the range. The range also provides premier digital photographic and video services including operation of numerous still cameras, high speed and video systems for Range Safety support, surveillance, and post-launch analysis (e.g., failure analysis), project documentation (e.g., fabrication and test), administrative documentation, and archiving for environmental studies. In addition, WFF has a variety of communications systems and facilities to route voice, video, and data in support of launch processing, flight, and test operations.

The WFF Research Airport is located on the Main Base. There are three runways (from {{convert|4810|ft|m}} to {{convert|8750|ft|m}} long), two taxiways, three ramps, and one hazardous cargo loading area in active service. Two ramps adjoin the two active hangars, and a third ramp adjoins the Crash, Fire and Rescue building. The primary research runway has a test section with a variety of surface textures and materials for runway research projects.

Weather measurements and predictions are critical to all Research Airport operations, rocket and balloon launches, and in safely conducting hazardous operations on the ground. Wallops meteorological services provide measurements of upper atmospheric and magnetic phenomena to augment and enable the collection of scientific data by sensors aboard flight vehicles. The S-band [[Engineering:Doppler radar|Doppler radar]]<ref>{{cite journal|author=Philip A. Ingwersen and William Z. Lemnios|year=2000|title=Radars for Ballistic Missile Defense Research|journal=Lincoln Laboratory Journal|volume=12|issue=2|pages=245–266 |url=http://www.ll.mit.edu/news/journal/pdf/vol12_no2/12_2ballisticmissiledefense.pdf|access-date=22 April 2013|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071025181617/http://www.ll.mit.edu/news/journal/pdf/vol12_no2/12_2ballisticmissiledefense.pdf |archive-date=October 25, 2007}}</ref> system at Wallops, known as SPANDAR, is capable of automatic unambiguous tracking of targets up to 60,000 kilometers away. It can detect a single raindrop of 3 millimeters at a range of 10 kilometers and cloud water content as little as 1&nbsp;gram per cubic meter. SPANDAR's sensitivity with its {{convert|60|ft|m|adj=on}} dish antenna can detect small changes in the [[Physics:Refractive index|refractive index]] of air caused by sea breeze fronts, gust fronts, and various forms of clear air turbulence.

===Mobile systems===
[[File:16-WFF Launch Locations.jpg|thumb|right|The NASA Wallops Mobile Range instrumentation has been deployed to support launch events in dozens of locations around the world.]]

The Wallops mobile range instrumentation includes telemetry, radar, command and power systems. These assets are used as needed to supplement instrumentation at existing ranges, or to establish a temporary range to ensure safety and collect data to support the rocket customers in a remote location where no other range instrumentation exists. This complement of transportable systems can be deployed to provide complete range capabilities at remote locations around the world. While Wallops Island is the prime location for range services, major sounding rocket campaigns have been supported at Poker Flat, [[Earth:Alaska|Alaska]]; Andoya, {{wipe|Norway}}; and Kwajalein Island, Marshall Islands. The Wallops Mobile Instrumentation is integrated with NASA and Department of Defense networks and can be used to supplement established ranges in support of rocket launches.

==Range technology development==
[[File:18-WFF Future Range.jpg|thumb|right|Envisioned Future Range Architecture]]

Since 2001, engineers at NASA Wallops Flight Facility have been developing new range technologies, systems and approaches to improve the cost and responsiveness of launch and flight test activities, within the constraints of available funding and program schedules.

Specifically, NASA Wallops has been leading two range technology development projects: the [https://web.archive.org/web/20070712035930/http://artwg.ksc.nasa.gov/Media/10_AFSS_%26_LCTT.pdf Autonomous Flight Safety System (AFSS) and the Low Cost TDRSS Transceiver (LCT2)].

AFSS is a project to develop an autonomous on-board system that could augment or replace traditional ground-commanded Range Safety flight termination systems. The AFSS would use redundant sensors and processors on board a launch vehicle to monitor its trajectory, and if necessary initiate pyrotechnic devices to terminate the flight.

LCT2 is an effort to produce a relatively low-cost transceiver to allow launch vehicles to communicate through NASA's [[Engineering:Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System|Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System]] (TDRSS) after they have gone over the horizon from the launch site. LCT2 is being pursued as part of the Space Based Range Demonstration and Certification (SBRDC) program (formerly called [https://web.archive.org/web/20070712035931/http://www.spacecongress.org/2004/1a-denson.pdf Space Based Telemetry and Range Safety (STARS)]) in cooperation with NASA [http://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/home/index.html Kennedy Space Center].

==Missions==
[[File:Launch of Little Joe 1B, January 21, 1960.jpg|thumb|upright|Launch of the Little Joe booster from Wallops Island, to test the Project Mercury capsule, 1960.]]
[[File:19-WFF Range Technologies.png|thumb|Low-Cost TDRSS Transceiver (LCT2) prototype hardware developed by WFF and schematic comparing WFF's Autonomous Flight Safety System (AFSS) to traditional (manual) flight safety system in use today]]

WFF's primary mission areas are as follows:
* [http://sites.wff.nasa.gov/code810/ Sounding Rockets]
* [http://sites.wff.nasa.gov/code820/ Scientific Balloons]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060103044142/http://wacop.wff.nasa.gov/ Aircraft]
* [http://sites.wff.nasa.gov/code840/ Range and Mission Management]
* [http://sites.wff.nasa.gov/slvr/ Small Launch Vehicle Research]
* [http://sites.wff.nasa.gov/mpl Mission Planning Lab]

With its sounding rocket, aircraft, and balloon flights carrying scientific payloads, its aeronautical systems testing, its range support for Space Shuttle launches, and its educational outreach activities, WFF supports all of NASA's Mission Directorates and practically all of their respective themes:
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20041124090014/http://science.hq.nasa.gov/ Science Mission Directorate]
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20090716013403/http://nasascience.nasa.gov/earth-science Earth Science]
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20060425235742/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/index.cfm Solar System Exploration]
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20041224180948/http://science.hq.nasa.gov/missions/universe.html The Universe]
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20090716023622/http://nasascience.nasa.gov/heliophysics Heliophysics]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050917064249/http://exploration.nasa.gov/ Exploration Mission Directorate]
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20060514235424/http://exploration.nasa.gov/constellation/ Constellation Systems]
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20060514235633/http://exploration.nasa.gov/programs/index.html Exploration Systems Research and Technology]
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20060514235621/http://exploration.nasa.gov/programs/human.html Human Systems Research and Technology]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/19991128230605/http://www.aero-space.nasa.gov/ Aeronautics Mission Directorate]
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20051023022038/http://www.aero-space.nasa.gov/programs.htm Aeronautics Technology]
* [http://www.hq.nasa.gov/osf/ Space Operations Mission Directorate]
** [http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/main/index.html International Space Station]
** [http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/main/index.html Space Shuttle]
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20041015132113/http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/home/index.html Space and Flight Support]

==Commercial spaceport==
In 1998, the Virginia Commercial Space Flight Authority, later joined by Maryland, built the Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport at Wallops on land leased from NASA. In December 2006, the facility made its first launch.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/tech/science/space/2006-12-16-commercialrocket_x.htm?POE=TECISVA |title=Mid-Atlantic commercial spaceport makes 1st launch |date= December 16, 2006 |publisher=USATODAY |access-date=22 April 2013 }}</ref>

==Visitor center==
[[File:NASA Visitor Center at Wallops Flight Facility 002 crop.jpg|thumb|right|NASA Visitor Center at Wallops Flight Facility]]
The Wallops Visitor Center has a variety of hands-on exhibits and hosts weekly educational activities and programs to enable children to explore and learn about the technologies designed and used by NASA researchers and scientists. In addition, one Saturday each month, NASA invites model rocketry enthusiasts to launch their own rockets from the WFF rocket launch site. NASA personnel also participate, launching models of various rockets and explaining the [[Engineering:Spacecraft|spacecraft]] they carry in real life.

The schedule for sounding rocket launches from WFF is posted on its official Web site.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/wallops/home/ |title=NASA's Wallops Flight Facility |publisher=Nasa |access-date=27 October 2014 }}</ref>

===Education===
For many years WFF was home to the NSIP Sub-SEM and SEM projects. NSIP stands for the NASA Student Involvement Project, the Sub-SEM project was to design one of four experiments that would be inserted into an ORION-II one-stage rocket and launched above 98 percent of the atmosphere, and experience over 30 Gs of centrifugal force, while SEM was to design an experiment that would be flown on a future Space Shuttle mission. Each project gave 16 students and four teachers (four students and one teacher from each high school) the opportunity to spend an almost all-expense-paid week at WFF. Normally the students and teachers stayed in the Mariner Motel, now a Holiday Inn, conducting experiments and learning about the facility. Following the presidential mandate and budget cuts the entire NSIP program, SEM and Sub-SEM included, was shut down.

==Accidents==
On April 2, 1957, a [[Engineering:Lockheed P-2 Neptune|Lockheed P2V-6 Neptune]] exploded in midair after takeoff from what was then known as Naval Auxiliary Air Station Chincoteague. All eleven occupants of the aircraft died.<ref>{{cite web|title=Aircraft accident Learjet 45 N454LJ Wallops Island, VA|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19570402-2|website=aviation-safety.net|access-date=25 November 2018}}</ref>

On October 23, 1995, the maiden flight of a [[Engineering:Conestoga (rocket)|Conestoga 1620 rocket]] failed 46 seconds after liftoff, resulting in disintegration. [[Company:Space Services Inc.|EER Space Systems]], Conestoga's manufacturer, concluded that low frequency noise from an unknown source upset the guidance system on the rocket causing it to order course corrections when none were needed. The rocket went off course when its first stage steering mechanism ran out of hydraulic fluid and became inoperable. After this failure, the Conestoga program was terminated, and EER abandoned the launch business.<ref>{{cite web|title=Conestoga 1620|url=http://www.astronautix.com/c/conestoga1620.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161209141727/http://www.astronautix.com/c/conestoga1620.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 9, 2016|website=astronautix.com|access-date=25 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Conestoga|url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/space/systems/conestoga.htm|website=globalsecurity.org|access-date=25 November 2018}}</ref> At the time of the launch, the Conestoga was the largest rocket ever launched from Wallops Island, and it was the first orbital mission attempted from the facility since 1985.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Roylance|first1=Frank|title=Rocket explodes above Wallops Malfunction ends first commercial flight from NASA center|url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1995-10-24/news/1995297106_1_rocket-eer-spacecraft|website=baltimoresun.com|access-date=25 November 2018}}</ref> The company's launch pad at Wallops Island were the first commercially built facilities in the US. 14 scientific experiments, some of which were planned to return from orbit, were destroyed. All debris landed in the Atlantic Ocean. There were no injuries.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Chrasekaran|first1=Rajiv|title=Rocket explodes off VA.|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1995/10/24/rocket-explodes-off-va/2f8b50ba-6b00-4682-ad42-b1a126ee3cad/|website=washingtonpost.com|access-date=25 November 2018}}</ref>

On October 27, 1998, a [[Engineering:Learjet 45|Learjet 45]] was destroyed at Wallops after a loss of control during a water ingestion test flight. Only minor injuries to a copilot and flight engineer were reported. There were no ground injuries. The airplane was being used to test a new nose wheel tire. For the test, the airplane was passed through a "pool" or "trough" of water on the runway at different speeds.<ref>{{cite web|title=NTSB Identification: IAD99FA008|url=https://www.ntsb.gov/about/employment/_layouts/ntsb.aviation/brief2.aspx?ev_id=20001211X11269&ntsbno=IAD99FA008&akey=1|website=ntsb.gov|access-date=25 November 2018}}</ref> The pilot failed to obtain/maintain alignment with the water pool and lost control. The plane departed the left side of the runway, and struck a pickup truck parked adjacent to the runway.<ref>{{cite web|title=Aircraft accident Lockheed P2V-6 Neptune 126518 Chincoteague NAAS, VA|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19981027-1|website=aviation-safety.net|access-date=25 November 2018}}</ref>

On August 22, 2008, an ALV X-1 [[Engineering:Sounding rocket|sounding rocket]] was intentionally destroyed 20 seconds into flight after veering too far off course.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Tennant|first1=Diane|title=NASA destroys rocket shortly after launch at Wallops Island|url=https://pilotonline.com/business/article_5d649cf4-0f04-59e5-91be-e24d724f3a81.html|website=pilotonline.com|access-date=25 November 2018}}</ref>
 
On October 28, 2014, a failure occurred in an [[Engineering:Antares (rocket)|Antares]] rocket, carrying [[Engineering:Cygnus CRS Orb-3|Cygnus CRS Orb-3]], shortly after launch and destroyed both the rocket and the payload at the adjacent Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport on Launch Pad 0A.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Wall|first1=Mike|title=Private Orbital Sciences Rocket Explodes During Launch, NASA Cargo Lost|url=http://www.space.com/27576-private-orbital-sciences-rocket-explosion.html|website=space.com|access-date=28 October 2014}}</ref>

==Alliances==
The NASA Wallops Flight Facility has alliances with a number of organizations important to its mission and future growth. Some examples include:
*Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport (MARS)
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060517192207/http://www.scsc.navy.mil/mission/index.html U.S. Navy Surface Combat Systems Center (SCSC)]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060906130513/http://www.nawcad.navy.mil/service_subarea.cfm?sub_cat_id=49&prodarea_id=5 Navy Test and Training Ranges]
*[https://www.patrick.spaceforce.mil/ U.S. Space Force Space Launch Delta 45, Eastern Range]
*U.S. Coast Guard
*[https://web.archive.org/web/19961231021550/http://www.noaa.com/ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)], [http://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/ National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS)]
*[http://www.msconsortium.org/ Marine Science Consortium (MSC)]
*[http://www.wsmr.army.mil/ White Sands Missile Range (WSMR)]

It has also worked with the [[Organization:National Security Agency|National Security Agency]] in experiments involving ionized clouds for communications interception during the [[History:Cold War|Cold War]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nsa.gov/public_info/_files/oral_history_interviews/nsa_oh_17_82_kullback.pdf|title=NSA.gov|website=Nsa.gov|access-date=11 August 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224171438/https://www.nsa.gov/public_info/_files/oral_history_interviews/nsa_oh_17_82_kullback.pdf|archive-date=24 February 2015}}</ref>

==Image gallery==
<gallery widths="180px" heights="145px">
File:04-WFF History.png|Early research rockets at Wallops Island
File:05-WFF Mercury Apollo Tests.png|Wallops flight tests of Mercury capsule escape tower and Apollo heat shield aboard a Scout
File:10-WFF Mobile Range Systems.png|Mobile Range Systems
File:11-WFF Launch Pads.png|Launch Pads 0-A and 0-B
File:12-WFF Mobile Telemetry System.png|Mobile Telemetry System
File:13-WFF Optical Camera.png|Optical Tracking Systems
File:14-WFF Range Control Center.jpg|Range Control Center
File:Ny-Alesund (js) 5.jpg|Mobile system at the SvalRak launch site at Ny-Ålesund, Norway (2003)
</gallery>

==See also==
*List of space companies and facilities in Virginia

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*''[http://bookstore.gpo.gov/actions/GetPublication?stocknumber=033-000-01186-5 Wallops Station and the Creation of an American Space Program]'', by Harold D. Wallace (NASA History Series) (Paperback). {{ISBN|0-16-054740-7}}. [https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4311/sp4311.htm NASA SP-4311]
*''Wallops Island (Images of America: Virginia)'', by Nan Devincent Hayes and Bowen Bennett (Paperback). {{ISBN|0-7385-0666-4}}

==External links==
*[http://www.nasa.gov/centers/wallops/home/index.html Wallops Flight Facility] (official site)
**[http://www.nasa.gov/centers/wallops/multimedia/index.html WFF Multimedia] (movie about NASA WFF, handbooks, maps)
**[http://www.nasa.gov/centers/wallops/business/code130.html WFF Public Affairs Office]
**[http://sites.wff.nasa.gov/vc/ NASA Visitor Center] (official website)
*[http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/home/index.html Goddard Space Flight Center]
*{{Internet Archive short film|id=gov.archives.arc.1257126|name="This Island Called Wallops"}}
*{{Internet Archive short film|id=gov.archives.arc.45737|name="Wallops Island launch facility (ca. 1965)"}}
*{{FAA-diagram|00639}}
{{US-airport-mil|WAL}}
**NOTAMs for [https://pilotweb.nas.faa.gov/PilotWeb/radiusSearchAction.do?formatType=ICAO&geoIcaoLocId=KWAL&geoIcaoRadius=5&openItems=&actionType=radiusSearch KWAL]

{{NASA centers}}
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[[Category:Aerospace research institutes]]
[[Category:Space technology research institutes]]

{{Sourceattribution|Wallops Flight Facility}}