View source for Medicine:Vision disorder

{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name            = Vision disorder
| synonyms        = 
| image           = Vision disorders (age-related) world map - DALY - WHO2002.svg
| caption         = Disability-adjusted life year for vision disorders (age-related) per 100,000&nbsp;inhabitants in 2002.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/entity/healthinfo/statistics/bodgbddeathdalyestimates.xls |title=Mortality and Burden of Disease Estimates for WHO Member States in 2002|format=xls |work=World Health Organization|year=2002 }}</ref>{{Div col|small=yes|colwidth=10em}}
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{{legend|#ffff65|less than 100}}
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{{legend|#ffc600|300–400}}
{{legend|#ffb000|400–450}}
{{legend|#ff9a00|450–500}}
{{legend|#ff8400|500–600}}
{{legend|#ff6e00|600–700}}
{{legend|#ff5800|700–750}}
{{legend|#ff4200|750–800}}
{{legend|#ff2c00|800–850}}
{{legend|#cb0000|more than 850}}
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| field           = [[Medicine:Ophthalmology|Ophthalmology]]
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A '''vision disorder''' is an impairment of the sense of [[Philosophy:Visual perception|vision]].

Vision disorder is not the same as an [[Medicine:Eye disease|eye disease]]. Although many vision disorders do have their immediate cause in the eye, there are many other causes that may occur at other locations in the optic pathway.

== Causes ==
There are many eye conditions that can lead to vision disorder. Some of which are as follows:

*Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD): ARMD is a retinal degeneration disease specifically associated with [[Medicine:Macula of retina|macula]] blood vessels, which can result in central vision impairment. It is strongly linked to advancing age, as well as European ancestry.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eyewiki.org/Age-related_macular_degeneration|title=Age-related macular degeneration - EyeWiki|website=eyewiki.org|language=en|access-date=2020-01-23}}</ref>
*Bulging eyes: where the eye (one or both) protrudes or distends out of its orbit. Left untreated, bulging eyes may lead to eye dryness, pain and vision loss <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bausch.com/your-eye-concerns/diseases-and-disorders/bulging-eyes|title=Bulging Eyes – Symptoms and treatments for Bulging Eyes : Bausch + Lomb|website=www.bausch.com|access-date=2020-01-22}}</ref>
*Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Retinitis: This is an inflammation of the [[Biology:Retina|retina]] caused by infection, which can result in blindness. It occurs in people experiencing suppressed [[Biology:Immune system|immune system]]s, most commonly by Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eyewiki.org/CMV_Retinitis|title=CMV Retinitis - EyeWiki|website=eyewiki.org|language=en|access-date=2020-01-23}}</ref>
*Diabetic Macular Edema (DME): is an eye disease specifically related to [[Medicine:Diabetes|diabetes]], occurring due to fluid build-up in the [[Biology:Retina|retina]] as a result of sustained high blood glucose levels. It can result in blurred vision and vision loss.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eyewiki.org/Diabetic_Macular_Edema|title=Diabetic Macular Edema - EyeWiki|website=eyewiki.org|language=en|access-date=2020-01-23}}</ref>
* Eye floaters and spots: where visible cloud-like images appear to "float" in an individual's field of vision.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aoa.org/patients-and-public/eye-and-vision-problems/glossary-of-eye-and-vision-conditions#floaters-spots|title=Glossary of Common Eye & Vision Conditions|website=www.aoa.org|language=en|access-date=2020-01-22}}</ref> Floaters and spots are most commonly related to ageing. They are generally harmless and do not cause blindness <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onhealth.com/content/1/common_eye_conditions|title=Common Eye Problems and Infections|website=OnHealth|language=en|access-date=2020-01-22}}</ref>
* Eye flashing: characterised by bursts or streaks of light that appear in an individual's field of vision. As eye flashing may indicate impending [[Medicine:Retinal detachment|retinal detachment]], medical attention is required.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aoa.org/patients-and-public/eye-and-vision-problems/glossary-of-eye-and-vision-conditions#floaters-spots|title=Glossary of Common Eye & Vision Conditions|website=www.aoa.org|language=en|access-date=2020-01-22}}</ref>
* Eyelid twitching: where the eyelid muscles contract in an irregular or abnormal pattern. Such movements can cause irritation and fatigue to the eyes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bausch.com/your-eye-concerns/diseases-and-disorders/eyelid-twitching|title=Eyelid Twitching – Causes and Symptoms of Eyelid Twitches : Bausch + Lomb|website=www.bausch.com|access-date=2020-01-22}}</ref>
*[[Medicine:Glaucoma|Glaucoma]]: occurs when the [[Biology:Optic nerve|optic nerve]] is damaged and can result in irreversible vision loss, with the potential to pass undetected until this damage occurs. It is caused when [[Biology:Aqueous humour|aqueous humour]] fails to adequately drain from the eye, resulting in pressure build-up.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lei.org.au/services/eye-health-information/glaucoma/|title=Glaucoma Treatment, Symptoms & Diagnosis|website=Lions Eye Institute|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-23}}</ref>
*[[Medicine:Keratoconus|Keratoconus]]: vision problems can be caused when the [[Medicine:Cornea|cornea]] thins and distorts into a conical shape. While the cause is unknown, Keratoconus is believed to be congenital, and can be exacerbated by allergies and eye rubbing.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001013.htm|title=Keratoconus: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia|website=medlineplus.gov|language=en|access-date=2020-01-23}}</ref>
* [[Medicine:Strabismus|Strabismus]]: where the muscular or neural control of gaze direction fails to align the eyes to a shared locus of visual attention, sometimes leading to double vision
* [[Medicine:Uveitis|Uveitis]]: where the uveal (middle) layer of the eye is inflamed. Uveitis requires medical intervention as it can lead to blurry vision, eye pain, eye floaters, eye redness and vision loss <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bausch.com/your-eye-concerns/diseases-and-disorders/uveitis|title=Uveitis – Symptoms and Treatments for Uveitis : Bausch + Lomb|website=www.bausch.com|access-date=2020-01-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aoa.org/patients-and-public/eye-and-vision-problems/glossary-of-eye-and-vision-conditions#floaters-spots|title=Glossary of Common Eye & Vision Conditions|website=www.aoa.org|language=en|access-date=2020-01-22}}</ref>

== Epidemiology ==
It was estimated by the WHO in 2004 that 314 million people worldwide are vision impaired (from all causes), of whom 45 million are blind.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Resnikoff S, Pascolini D, Mariotti SP, Pokharel GP | title = Global magnitude of visual impairment caused by uncorrected refractive errors in 2004 | journal = Bulletin of the World Health Organization | volume = 86 | issue = 1 | pages = 63–70 | date = January 2008 | pmid = 18235892 | pmc = 2647357 | doi = 10.2471/BLT.07.041210 }}</ref> Vision disorders are not often targeted by public health initiatives, as mortality causes take priority.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ono K, Hiratsuka Y, Murakami A | title = Global Inequality in Eye Health: Country-Level Analysis From the Global Burden of Disease Study | journal = American Journal of Public Health | volume = 100 | issue = 9 | pages = 1784–8 | date = September 2010 | pmid = 20634443 | pmc = 2920965 | doi = 10.2105/AJPH.2009.187930 }}</ref> However, they can have significant impact on a person's quality of life, affecting performance at school and the workplace if not corrected.

== See also ==
* [[Medicine:Blindness|Blindness]], Recovery from blindness
* [[Medicine:Amblyopia|Amblyopia]], [[Medicine:Nystagmus|Nystagmus]], Strabism, [[Stereoblindness]], [[Biology:Stereopsis recovery|Stereopsis recovery]]
* [[Medicine:Visual impairment|Visual impairment]]
* [[Biology:Visual field|Visual field]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
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{{Eye pathology}}

[[Category:Visual disturbances and blindness]]

{{Sourceattribution|Vision disorder}}