View source for Medicine:Mean platelet volume

{{Short description|Component of blood test}}

{{Infobox diagnostic
| Name = Mean platelet volume
|purpose= can be used to make inferences about platelet production in bone marrow or platelet destruction problems
}}

'''Mean platelet volume''' ('''MPV''') is a machine-calculated measurement of the average size of [[Biology:Platelet|platelet]]s found in blood and is typically included in [[Medicine:Blood test|blood test]]s as part of the [[Medicine:Complete blood count|CBC]]. Since the average platelet size is larger when the body is producing increased numbers of platelets, the MPV test results can be used to make inferences about platelet production in [[Biology:Bone marrow|bone marrow]] or platelet destruction problems.<ref name="Testing.com">{{cite web | title = Complete Blood Count (CBC) | url = https://www.testing.com/ | work = Testing.com }}</ref>

An increased mean platelet volume (MPV) increases the risk to suffer a heart disease <ref name="LabTestsOnline">{{cite journal | title = Mean Platelet Volume May Represent a Predictive Parameter for Overall Vascular Mortality and Ischemic Heart Disease | journal = Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology | date = February 2012 | doi = 10.1161/ATVBAHA.110.221788 | last1 = Slavka | first1 = Georg | last2 = Perkmann | first2 = Thomas | last3 = Haslacher | first3 = Helmuth | last4 = Greisenegger | first4 = Stefan | last5 = Marsik | first5 = Claudia | last6 = Wagner | first6 = Oswald F. | last7 = Endler | first7 = Georg | volume = 31 | issue = 5 | pages = 1215–1218 | pmid = 21330610 | s2cid = 85367 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

MPV may be higher when there is destruction of platelets. This may be seen in [[Medicine:Immune thrombocytopenic purpura|immune thrombocytopenic purpura]] (ITP), myeloproliferative diseases and [[Medicine:Bernard–Soulier syndrome|Bernard–Soulier syndrome]]. It may also be related to [[Medicine:Pre-eclampsia|pre-eclampsia]] and recovery from transient [[Medicine:Hypoplasia|hypoplasia]].<ref name="pmid19722752">{{cite journal | vauthors = Lippi G, Filippozzi L, Salvagno GL, Montagnana M, Franchini M, Guidi GC, Targher G | title = Increased mean platelet volume in patients with acute coronary syndromes | journal = Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine | volume = 133 | issue = 9 | pages = 1441–3 | date = September 2009 | pmid = 19722752 | doi = 10.5858/133.9.1441 | url = }}</ref>

Abnormally low MPV values may correlate with [[Medicine:Thrombocytopenia|thrombocytopenia]] when it is due to impaired production of [[Biology:Megakaryocyte|megakaryocyte]]s in the [[Biology:Bone marrow|bone marrow]], such as in [[Medicine:Aplastic anemia|aplastic anemia]]. A low MPV may indicate [[Medicine:Inflammatory bowel disease|inflammatory bowel disease]] (IBD), such as [[Medicine:Crohn's disease|Crohn's disease]] and [[Medicine:Ulcerative colitis|ulcerative colitis]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Liu S, Ren J, Han G, Wang G, Gu G, Xia Q, Li J | title = Mean platelet volume: a controversial marker of disease activity in Crohn's disease | journal = European Journal of Medical Research | volume = 17 | pages = 27 | date = October 2012 | issue = 1 | pmid = 23058104 | pmc = 3519557 | doi = 10.1186/2047-783x-17-27 | doi-access = free }}</ref> A high MPV is also a bad prognostic marker in patients with sepsis or septic shock.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Mangalesh S, Dudani S, Malik A | title = Platelet Indices and Their Kinetics Predict Mortality in Patients of Sepsis | journal = Indian Journal of Hematology & Blood Transfusion | pages = 600–608 | date = March 2021 | volume = 37 | issue = 4 | pmid = 33776267 | pmc = 7988247 | doi = 10.1007/s12288-021-01411-2 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gao Y, Li Y, Yu X, Guo S, Ji X, Sun T, Lan C, Lavergne V, Ghannoum M, Li L | display-authors = 6 | title = The impact of various platelet indices as prognostic markers of septic shock | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 9 | issue = 8 | pages = e103761 | date = 2014-08-13 | pmid = 25118886 | pmc = 4131909 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0103761 | bibcode = 2014PLoSO...9j3761G | editor-first = Cordula M. | editor-last = Stover | doi-access = free }}</ref> In addition, low MPV may correlate with abnormally small platelet size, sometimes a symptom of a spectrum referred to as [[Medicine:Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome|Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome]] (WAS),<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://primaryimmune.org/about-primary-immunodeficiencies/specific-disease-types/wiskott-aldrich-syndrome |title=Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome |publisher=Immune Deficiency Foundation |access-date=2019-03-03}}</ref> caused by a genetic mutation of the WAS gene.

Sample for MPV testing is obtained in a Lavender-Top  EDTA tube. A typical range of platelet volumes is 9.4–12.3&nbsp;fL<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.healthcare.uiowa.edu/path_handbook/rhandbook/test299.html|title=CBC (Complete Blood Count), Blood|website=www.healthcare.uiowa.edu|access-date=2018-02-22}}</ref> ([[Physics:Femtolitre|femtolitre]]), equivalent to spheres 2.65 to 2.9&nbsp;[[Micrometre|µm]] in diameter.

== Conditions associated with altered MPV ==

=== Decreased MPV ===
* Cytotoxic [[Medicine:Chemotherapy|chemotherapy]]
* Hypersplenism
* Reactive thrombocytosis
* [[Medicine:Iron-deficiency anemia|Iron-deficiency anemia]]
* [[Medicine:Gilbert's syndrome|Gilbert's syndrome]]
* Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
* [[Medicine:Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome|Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome]]
* [[Medicine:X linked thrombocytopenia|X linked thrombocytopenia]]
* [[Medicine:Crohn's disease|Crohn's disease]]
* [[Medicine:Ulcerative colitis|Ulcerative colitis]]
* [[Medicine:Aplastic anemia|Aplastic anemia]]
* Megaloblastic anemia<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3PJVLH1NmQAC&q=megaloblastic+anemia+has+high+MPV&pg=PA814|title=Clinical Laboratory Medicine| vauthors = McClatchey KD |date=2002|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=9780683307511|language=en}}</ref>

=== Increased MPV ===
* [[Medicine:Immune thrombocytopenic purpura|Immune thrombocytopenia]]
* [[Medicine:Disseminated intravascular coagulation|Disseminated intravascular coagulation]]
* Myeloproliferative disorders
* Administration of [[Biology:Erythropoietin|erythropoietin]] / [[Biology:Thrombopoietin|thrombopoietin]]
* Recovery from transient [[Medicine:Aplastic anemia|hypoplasia]]
* [[Medicine:Gray platelet syndrome|Gray platelet syndrome]]
* GATA-1 mutation
* vWD Type 2B
* Platelet Type vWD
* [[Medicine:Paris-Trousseau syndrome|Paris-Trousseau syndrome]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mrlabtest.com/article/paris-trousseau-syndrome.htm |title=Paris-Trousseau syndrome |publisher=MrLabTest |access-date=2022-05-10}}</ref>
* Mediterranean macrothrombocytopenia
* [[Medicine:Bernard–Soulier syndrome|Bernard–Soulier syndrome]]<ref>{{Cite web | date = 7 August 2020 | vauthors = Geil GD | veditors = Yaish HM |url=https://emedicine.staging.medscape.com/article/954877-workup|title=Bernard-Soulier Syndrome Workup: Approach Considerations|website=emedicine.staging.medscape.com|language=en|access-date=2018-02-22}}</ref> 
* MYH9-related disorders
* 21q11 deletion syndrome
* Chronic myelogenous leukemia
* Post-[[Medicine:Splenectomy|splenectomy]]
* [[Medicine:Vasculitis|Vasculitis]]
* [[Medicine:Diabetes mellitus|Diabetes mellitus]]
* [[Medicine:Pre-eclampsia|Pre-eclampsia]]
* [[Medicine:Chronic kidney disease|Chronic kidney disease]]
* [[Medicine:Respiratory disease|Respiratory disease]]s
* [[Medicine:Thrombocytopenia|Thrombocytopenia]] secondary to [[Medicine:Sepsis|sepsis]]
* [[Medicine:Hyperthyroidism|Hyperthyroidism]]
* [[Medicine:Hypothyroidism|Hypothyroidism]]
* [[Medicine:Myocardial infarction|Myocardial infarction]]
* [[Medicine:Artificial heart valve|Artificial heart valve]]s
* [[Medicine:Bleeding|Massive hemorrhage]]

== Inherited thrombocytopenia with normal MPV ==
* ATRUS Syndrome
* Thrombocytopenia 2 (THC2)
* [[Medicine:Congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia|Congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia]]
* [[Medicine:TAR syndrome|TAR syndrome]]
* Familial platelet disorder with predisposition to AML

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web | vauthors = Davis PD, Nabili SN | veditors = Shiel Jr WC | date = 27 August 2020 | title = What Is Thrombocytopenia (Low Platelet Count)? | url = http://www.medicinenet.com/thrombocytopenia_low_platelet_count/page4.htm | work = Medicinenet.com }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Slavka G, Perkmann T, Haslacher H, Greisenegger S, Marsik C, Wagner OF, Endler G | title = Mean platelet volume may represent a predictive parameter for overall vascular mortality and ischemic heart disease | journal = Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology | volume = 31 | issue = 5 | pages = 1215–8 | date = May 2011 | pmid = 21330610 | doi = 10.1161/ATVBAHA.110.221788 | doi-access = free }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Bessman JD, Gilmer PR, Gardner FH | title = Use of mean platelet volume improves detection of platelet disorders | journal = Blood Cells | volume = 11 | issue = 1 | pages = 127–35 | year = 1985 | pmid = 4074887 }}
{{refend}}

{{Myeloid blood tests}}

[[Category:Blood tests]]

{{Sourceattribution|Mean platelet volume}}