View source for Engineering:Sputnik (rocket)

{{Short description|Small carrier rocket}}
{{for multi|the Sputnik 11A59 rocket|Polyot (rocket)|other uses|Sputnik (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox Rocket
|image   =  Sputnik 8K71PS grey.svg
|caption =  Sputnik rocket
|name           =  Sputnik 727
|function       =  Early (first) carrier rocket
|manufacturer   =  OKB-1
|country-origin =  USSR
|height       =  '''8K71PS:''' {{convert|30.0|m|ft|lk=on|abbr=on}}<br>'''8A91:''' {{convert|31.1|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|diameter     =  {{convert|2.99|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|mass         =   {{convert|267000|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<br>'''8A91:''' {{convert|269300|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
|stages       =  2
|capacities =
  {{Infobox Rocket/Payload
  |location=[[Astronomy:Low Earth orbit|LEO]] (8K71PS)
  |kilos    =  '''8K71PS:''' {{convert|500|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<br>'''8A91:''' {{convert|1327|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
  }}
|family      =  R-7
|comparable  =  Vanguard<br>Juno I
|status   =  Retired
|sites    =  LC-1/5, Baikonur
|launches =  4 (2 8K71PS, 2 8A91)
|success  =  3
|fail     =  1 (8A91)
|first    =  '''8K71PS:''' 4 October 1957<br>'''8A91:''' 27 April 1958
|last     =  '''8K71PS:''' 3 November 1957<br>'''8A91:''' 15 May 1958
|payloads =  [[Engineering:Sputnik 1|Sputnik 1]]<br>[[Engineering:Sputnik 2|Sputnik 2]]<br>[[Engineering:Sputnik 3|Sputnik 3]]
|stagedata    =
  {{Infobox Rocket/Stage
  |type       =  booster
  |stageno    =  
  |diff       =  Block B, V, G, D
  |number       =  4
  |engines    =  1 RD-107
  |thrust     =  {{convert|970|kN|lbf|lk=on|abbr=on}}
  |SI         =  306&nbsp;s
  |burntime   =  120 s
  |fuel       =  [[Astronomy:LOX|LOX]]/[[Chemistry:Kerosene|Kerosene]]
  }}
  {{Infobox Rocket/Stage
  |type       =  stage
  |stageno    =  First
  |diff       =  Block A
  |engines    =  1 RD-108
  |thrust     =  {{convert|912|kN|lbf|lk=on|abbr=on}}
  |SI         =  308&nbsp;s
  |burntime   =  330 s
  |fuel       =  [[Astronomy:LOX|LOX]]/[[Chemistry:Kerosene|Kerosene]]
  }} }}

The '''Sputnik''' rocket was an uncrewed [[Physics:Orbit|orbit]]al carrier rocket designed by [[Biography:Sergei Korolev|Sergei Korolev]] in the [[Place:Soviet Union|Soviet Union]], derived from the [[Engineering:R-7 Semyorka|R-7 Semyorka]] ICBM. On 4 October 1957, it was used to perform the world's first [[Astronomy:Satellite|satellite]] launch, placing ''[[Engineering:Sputnik 1|Sputnik 1]]'' into a [[Astronomy:Low Earth orbit|low Earth orbit]].

Two versions of the Sputnik were built, the Sputnik-PS (GRAU index 8K71PS), which was used to launch ''Sputnik 1'' and later ''[[Engineering:Sputnik 2|Sputnik 2]]'', and the Sputnik (8A91), which failed to launch a satellite in April 1958, and subsequently launched ''[[Engineering:Sputnik 3|Sputnik 3]]'' on 15 May 1958.<ref>{{in lang|ru}} [http://www.tsenki.com/Roket1Show.asp?RoketID=8 Sputnik Rocket] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050103170537/http://www.tsenki.com/Roket1Show.asp?RoketID=8 |date=2005-01-03 }}</ref>

A later member of the R-7 family, the [[Engineering:Polyot (rocket)|Polyot]], used the same configuration as the Sputnik rocket, but was constructed from Voskhod components. Because of the similarity, the Polyot was sometimes known as the Sputnik 11A59.

==Specifications==

*First Stage: Block B, V, G, D (four strap-on boosters)
**Gross mass: 43.0 tons
**Empty mass: 3.400 tons
**Thrust (vac): 4 × 99,000&nbsp;kgf = 396&nbsp;Mgf (3.89 MN)
**[[Physics:Specific impulse|Isp]]: 306 s (3,000 N·s/kg)
**Burn time: 120 s (2&nbsp;min)
**[[Physics:Specific impulse|Isp]] (sl): 250 s (2,450 N·s/kg)
**Diameter: {{convert|2.68|m|ft}}
**Span: {{convert|2.68|m|ft}}
**Length: {{convert|19.2|m|ft}} (without nozzles)
**Propellants: [[Astronomy:LOX|LOX]]/[[Chemistry:Kerosene|Kerosene]]
**Engines: 1 x RD-107-8D74PS per booster = 4
*Second Stage: Block A (core stage)
**Gross mass: 94.0 tons
**Empty mass: 7.495 tons
**Thrust (vac): 99,000&nbsp;kgf (970&nbsp;kN)
**Isp: 308 s (3,020 [[Physics:Newton second|N·s]]/kg)
**Burn time: 310 s (5&nbsp;min 10 s)
**Isp (sl): 241 s (2,360 N·s/kg)
**Diameter: {{convert|2.95|m|ft}}
**Span: {{convert|2.95|m|ft}}
**Length: {{convert|28|m|ft}}
**Propellants: [[Astronomy:LOX|LOX]]/[[Chemistry:Kerosene|Kerosene]]
**Engine: 1 x RD-108-8D75PS
*Total mass: 267 tons (589,000&nbsp;lb)
*Total span: {{convert|10.303|m|ft}}
*[[Astronomy:Low Earth orbit|LEO]] payload: 500&nbsp;kg
*Total liftoff thrust: 3.89 MN

[[File:Roket_Launcher_R-7.svg|thumb|left|500px|Some R-7 variants]]
{{clear}}

== Sputnik 8A91 ==
The '''Sputnik 8A91''' had more powerful 8D76 and 8D77 engines installed,<ref name="lpre">{{cite web|url=http://www.lpre.de/energomash/RD-107/index.htm |title=РД-107 и РД-108 &#124; RD-107 and RD-108 |publisher=lpre.de|access-date=2015-12-24}}</ref> increasing its payload capacity, and allowing it to launch much heavier satellites than ''Sputnik 1'' and ''Sputnik 2''. It was launched two times, in 1958.<ref name="planet4589">{{cite web|url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt |title=Jonathan McDowell's launch log |publisher=planet4589.org|access-date=2015-12-24}}</ref> The first launch, on 27 April, failed due to vibrations that unexpectedly occurred during the flight along the longitudinal axis of the rocket. On 15 May, it successfully launched ''Sputnik 3''.<ref>{{in lang|ru}} [http://www.lidorenko.ru/ns3.htm Soviet Solar Cells on Orbit]</ref><ref name="astronautix">{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/craft/sputnik3.htm|title=Sputnik 3|publisher=astronautix.com|access-date=2015-12-24|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131108103951/http://www.astronautix.com/craft/sputnik3.htm|archive-date=2013-11-08}}</ref>

===Sputnik specifications===
*Stage number: 0 - Strap-on boosters; 4 x Sputnik 8A91-0
**Gross mass: 43.0 tons
**Empty mass: 3.400 tons
**Thrust (vac): 4 × 99,000&nbsp;kgf = 396&nbsp;Mgf (3.89 MN)
**[[Physics:Specific impulse|Isp]]: 310 s (3,040 N·s/kg)
**Burn time: 130 s (2&nbsp;min 10 s)
**Isp (sl): 252 s (2,470 N·s/kg)
**Diameter: {{convert|2.68|m|ft}}
**Span: {{convert|2.68|m|ft}}
**Length: {{convert|19.2|m|ft}} (without nozzles)
**Propellants: LOX/Kerosene
**Engines: 1 x RD-107-8D76 per booster (4 total)
*Stage number: 1 - Core stage; 1 x Sputnik 8A91-1
**Gross mass: 95.0 tons
**Empty mass: 7.100 tons
**Thrust (vac): 82,000&nbsp;kgf (804&nbsp;kN)
**Isp: 315 s (3,090 N·s/kg)
**Burn time: 360 s (6&nbsp;min)
**Isp (sl): 246 s (2,410 N·s/kg)
**Diameter: {{convert|2.95|m|ft}}
**Length:{{convert|28|m|ft}}
**Propellants: LOX/Kerosene
**Engine: 1 x RD-108-8D77
*Total mass: 269.3 tons (593,700 lb)<ref>{{cite web|title=Sputnik 8A91|url=http://www.astronautix.com/s/sputnik8a91.html|website=astronautix.com|access-date=13 May 2023}}</ref>
*Total span: {{convert|10.303|m|ft}}
*[[Astronomy:Low Earth orbit|LEO]] payload: 1,327&nbsp;kg (2,925&nbsp;lb)
*Total liftoff thrust:  385,950&nbsp;kgf (3.784 MN, 850,870 lbf)


== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Expendable launch systems}}
{{Russian launch vehicles}}
{{R-7 rockets}}


[[Category:R-7 (rocket family)]]
[[Category:Sputnik]]

{{Sourceattribution|Sputnik (rocket)}}