View source for Engineering:Boardwalk

{{Short description|Wooden footpath to cross wet land}}
[[File:Atlantic City Boardwalk view north from Caesars Atlantic City by Silveira Neto June 24 2012.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|The Atlantic City, New Jersey boardwalk, as seen from Caesars Atlantic City, opened in 1870, as the first U.S. boardwalk. At {{Convert|5+1/2|mi|0}} long, it is also the world's longest, busiest, and oldest boardwalk. New Jersey is home to the world's highest concentration of boardwalks.|alt=Many people walking on a boardwalk at the beach in Atlantic City, New Jersey]]
A '''boardwalk''' (alternatively '''board walk''', '''boarded path''', or '''promenade''') is an elevated [[Engineering:Footpath|footpath]], [[Engineering:Walkway|walkway]], or [[Engineering:Causeway|causeway]] typically built with wooden [[Engineering:Plank (wood)|plank]]s, which functions as a type of low water bridge or small viaduct that enables pedestrians to better cross wet, [[Earth:Mud|mud]]dy or [[Earth:Marsh|marsh]]y lands.<ref>''Oxford English Dictionary''</ref> Such timber trackways have existed since at least [[History:Neolithic|Neolithic]] times.

Some wooden boardwalks have had sections replaced by concrete and even "a type of recycled plastic that looks like wood."<ref>{{cite news
    |newspaper={{wipe|The New York Times}}
    |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/20/nyregion/on-coney-island-boardwalk-concrete-and-plastic-may-replace-wood.html
    |title=Wood May Give Way to Plastic on Coney Island Boardwalk
    |author=Liz Robbins  |date=February 19, 2012}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Swampy But Pretty Bog In Fiordland NZ.jpg|thumb|right|A typical nature boardwalk, carrying walkers over wetlands on the Milford Track, New Zealand]]
An early example is the [[Engineering:Sweet Track|Sweet Track]] that [[History:Neolithic|Neolithic]] people built in the Somerset levels, England, around 6000 years ago.<ref Name="Current_Archaeology_somerset-levels">{{cite journal|last=Brunning|first=Richard|title=The Somerset Levels|pages=139–143|volume=XV (4)|issue=172 (Special issue on Wetlands)|journal=Current Archaeology|date=February 2001}}</ref> This track consisted mainly of planks of [[Biology:Oak|oak]] laid end-to-end, supported by crossed pegs of ash, oak, and [[Biology:Tilia|lime]], driven into the underlying peat.<ref name="bm">{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/s/section_of_the_sweet_track.aspx|title=1986,1201.1–27 Sweet Track exhibition highlight|publisher=British Museum|access-date=19 June 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429101940/https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/s/section_of_the_sweet_track.aspx|archive-date=29 April 2011}}</ref>

The Wittmoor bog trackway is the name given to each of two prehistoric [[Engineering:Plank road|plank road]]s, or boardwalks, trackway No. I being discovered in 1898 and trackway No. II in 1904<ref>The numbering of the trackways No. I for the younger northern one and No. II for the older southern one follows the local archive file of Archaeological Museum of Hamburg corresponding to early publications, in contrast to that Schindler uses a different numbering in his publication.</ref> in the ''Wittmoor'' [[Earth:Bog|bog]] in northern [[Place:Hamburg|Hamburg]], Germany. The trackways date to the 4th and 7th century AD, both linked the eastern and western shores of the formerly inaccessible, swampy bog. A part of the older trackway No. II dating to the period of the Roman Empire is on display at the permanent exhibition of the Archaeological Museum Hamburg in Harburg borough, Hamburg.<ref>Topic Mobility, Show case no. 80.</ref><ref name="Articus">{{cite book | last1 =Articus | first1 =Rüdiger  | last2 =Brandt | first2 =Jochen | last3 =Först | first3 =Elke | last4 =Krause | first4 =Yvonne | last5 =Merkel | first5 =Michael | last6 =Mertens | first6 =Kathrin | last7 =Weiss | first7 =Rainer-Maria | title =Archaeological Museum Hamburg Helms-Museum: A short guide to the Tour of the Times | series = Archaeological Museum Hamburg publication - Helms-Museum  | volume =103 | date =2013 | location = Hamburg | pages =108 | isbn =978-3-931429-24-9 }}</ref>

==Duckboards==
[[File:Chateauwood.jpg|thumb|right|Australian soldiers walking along duckboards during the Battle of Passchendaele ]]
A '''duckboard''' is a type of boardwalk placed over muddy and wet ground.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/duckboard |title=Definition of DUCKBOARD |website=www.merriam-webster.com}}</ref> During [[Social:World War I|World War I]], duckboards were used to line the bottom of [[Earth:Trench warfare|trenches]] on the Western Front because these were regularly flooded,<ref name="auto">Imperial War Museum, [http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/30028121]</ref> and mud and water would lie in the trenches for months on end. The boards helped to keep the soldiers' feet dry and prevent the development of [[Medicine:Trench foot|trench foot]], caused by prolonged standing in waterlogged conditions. They also allowed for troops' easier movement through the trench systems.<ref name="auto"/> 

Combat troops on nearly all sides routinely wore hobnail-style trench boots that often slipped on the new duck boards when they were wet, and required extra caution. Falling or slipping off the duckboards could often be dangerous, even fatal. Unfortunate soldiers were left struggling to rise under the weight of their equipment in the intractable and sometimes deep water or mud. If this happened at ground level during a tactical advance, the rising soldier could be left a defenseless target for enemy fire as well as hinder forward progress. He could also simply go unnoticed in the ensuing melee, and easily drown under his heavy equipment.<ref>Imperial War Museum</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/C174703 |title=Laying the duckboards, France 1917 |website=www.awm.gov.au}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:A wooden walkway through the lake.jpg|A wooden boardwalk allows passage through a lake, such as this one in Plitvice Lakes National Park, Croatia.
File:HoriconMarshBoardwalk.jpg|This boardwalk allows people to cross Horicon Marsh.
File:Lambi boardwalk.jpg|Boardwalk to the Lambi Beach on the Greek island of Kos
File:Pyhä-Luosto National Park.jpg|Boardwalks help walkers navigate difficult terrain as at Pyhä-Luosto National Park in Lapland, {{wipe|Finland}}.
File:Duckboards on the lake Storträsk in Sipoonkorpi, Helsinki, Finland, 2021 May.jpg|Duckboards on the Lake Storträsk at Sipoonkorpi National Park in Uusimaa, Finland.
File:Mukri raba matkarada.jpg|A boardwalk enables those on foot to cross a bog in Estonia.
File:17 31 028 ocmulgee.jpg|Boardwalk at Ocmulgee National Monument
File:Boardwalk in the grass (Unsplash).jpg|Boardwalk surrounded by tall grass
File:Rain Forest in KLIA.jpg| KLIA Airport Boardwalk
</gallery>

== See also ==
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* Corduroy road
* List of boardwalks in the United States
* Footbridge
* [[Engineering:Marston Mat|Marston Mat]]   a 20th-century equivalent for airport runways
* [[Engineering:Plank road|Plank road]]
* [[Engineering:Riverfront|Riverfront]]
* Riverwalk (disambiguation)
* [[Engineering:Sweet Track|Sweet Track]] and Post Track
* Timber trackway
* "Under the Boardwalk", 1964 pop song
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Road infrastructure]]

{{Sourceattribution|Boardwalk}}