View source for Engineering:Bean bag round

{{Short description|Less than lethal round for shotguns}}
[[File:Bean bag round close up.jpg|thumb|Two views of intact bean bag round and one view of the projectile]]

A '''bean bag round''', also known by its trademarked name '''flexible baton round''', is a type of [[Engineering:Baton round|baton round]], fired from a [[Engineering:Shotgun|shotgun]], and used for [[Engineering:Non-lethal weapon|less lethal]] apprehension of suspects.<ref>Fourkiller, Larkin (1 March 2002).[http://www.policemag.com/channel/weapons/articles/2002/03/punching-bags.aspx "Less-Lethal: Bean-Bag Rounds"].  PoliceMag.com. Retrieved 15 November 2019.</ref><ref name="policeone1">{{cite web|url=http://www.policeone.com/writers/columnists/SteveIjames/articles/118328/ |first=Steve |last=Ijames |title=In defense of the 12-gauge 'bean bag' round |publisher=Policeone.com |date=29 August 2005 |access-date=25 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080905235252/http://www.policeone.com/writers/columnists/SteveIjames/articles/118328 |archive-date=5 September 2008 }}</ref>

==Description==
The bean bag round consists of a small fabric "pillow" filled with #9 lead shot weighing about {{convert|40|g}}. It is fired from a normal 12-gauge shotgun. When fired, the bag is expelled at around {{convert|70|to|90|m/s}}; it spreads out in flight and distributes its impact over about {{convert|6|cm2|0}}<!--At what range?--> of the target. It is designed to deliver a blow that will cause minimum long-term trauma and no penetration but will result in a muscle spasm or other reaction to briefly render a violent suspect immobile. It still can cause serious injury and death. The shotgun round is inaccurate over about {{convert|6|m}} and has a maximum [[Physics:Range of a projectile|range]] of around {{convert|20|m|-1}}. Changes to the bean bag round since its inception in the early 1970s have included a [[Physics:Velocity|velocity]] reduction from 120 to 90 meters per second (400 to 300&nbsp;ft/s)<ref name="policeone1"/> as well as a shift from a square shape to a more rounded sock-shaped projectile.<ref name="policeone1"/>

Shotguns dedicated to being used for bean bag rounds are often visibly modified with either yellow or green markings, or bright orange [[Engineering:Stock (firearms)|stock]]s and stops, to reduce the possibility that a user might inadvertently load lethal munitions into the weapon.

==Use==
[[File:Beanbag shotgun.jpg|thumb|upright|A RCMP officer in 2010 armed with a shotgun outfitted to fire beanbag rounds]]
Bean bag rounds are used when a person is a danger to themselves or others but is not a direct threat in such a manner that [[Social:Deadly force|deadly force]] would be appropriate – typically a suicidal individual with a bladed weapon.  The round is intended to disable the person without killing them.

==Dangers==
A bean bag round can severely injure or kill in a wide variety of ways. They have caused around one death a year since their introduction in the US.<ref name="ncjrs1">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/206089.pdf |title=Impact Munitions Use: Types, Targets, Effects |first1=Ken |last1= Hubbs |first2=David |last2= Klinger |date=October 2004|publisher=National Institute of Justice, United States Department of Justice |access-date=25 March 2011}}</ref> A round can hit the chest, break the ribs and send the broken ribs into the heart.  A shot to the head can break the nose, crush the [[Medicine:Larynx|larynx]] or break the neck or skull of the subject.  This is why many officers are taught to aim for the extremities when using a bean bag round.  A strike in the abdominal area can cause [[Medicine:Internal bleeding|internal bleeding]] or strike the celiac plexus which can disrupt breathing or heartbeat, but such a hit is generally safer than most other areas as well as presenting a larger target than an extremity.  Fatalities are occasionally the result of mistaking other shotgun rounds for bean bags.<ref name="ncjrs1"/>

*In 2006, during anti-corruption protests in [[Place:Budapest|Budapest]], Hungary, protestors were shot by beanbag rounds to the head. At least 3 of them were permanently blinded. One of the victims committed suicide in 2013 due to psychological complications arising from his blindness. In addition, many people suffered minor injuries (nose and finger fractures, hemorrhagic bruises). Furthermore, a few victims suffered from long-term psychological trauma due to the shock.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gergő|first=Joób Sándor, Plankó|date=2011-10-23|title=A gumilövedék helye megmarad|url=http://index.hu/belfold/2011/10/23/a_gumilovedek_helye/|access-date=2020-07-14|website=index.hu|language=hu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Öngyilkos lett a 2006-ban kilőtt szemű Cs. Attila {{!}} Mandiner|url=https://mandiner.hu/cikk/20131022_ongyilkos_lett_a_2006_ban_kilott_szemu_cs_attila|access-date=2020-07-14|website=mandiner.hu|language=hu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Tamás|first=Bodoky|date=2009-01-16|title=Négymillió forint egy kilőtt szemért|url=http://index.hu/belfold/rebisz7490/|access-date=2020-07-14|website=index.hu|language=hu}}</ref>

*In 2013, in Park Forest, Illinois, an autopsy showed that a 95-year-old man had died from [[Medicine:Hemoperitoneum|hemoperitoneum]] as a result of being shot by police with a bean bag gun.<ref>[http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/chi-autopsy-bean-bag-rounds-fired-by-police-killed-park-forest-man-95-20130728,0,5356856.story Autopsy: Bean bag rounds fired by police killed Park Forest man, 95], Chicago Tribune, 28 July 2013</ref>

*11 August 2019, during the Hong Kong anti-extradition bill protests, a female First Aider was suspected to have been hit with a bean bag round, resulting in rupture of one of her eyeballs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.sky.com/story/hong-kong-protests-police-in-no-mood-for-compromise-now-11783191|title=Hong Kong protests: Police in no mood for compromise now|website=Sky News|language=en|access-date=2019-08-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-49312752|title=Hong Kong protests: Clashes as police fire tear gas into rail station|work=BBC News|date=12 August 2019|language=en|access-date=2019-08-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3022386/protesters-call-mass-hong-kong-airport-demonstration-after|title=Protesters call for mass Hong Kong airport demonstration after woman shot in eye during extradition bill unrest in Tsim Sha Tsui. Bean bag round shown lodged in protester's goggle.|website=SCMP|date=12 August 2019|language=en|access-date=2019-08-12}}</ref>

* On 23 November 2019, a bean bag round fired by the Colombian riot police hit student Dilan Cruz in the head, killing him.<ref>[https://www.eltiempo.com/justicia/investigacion/dictamen-de-medicina-legal-sobre-la-muerte-de-dilan-cruz-en-protestas-438252 Muerte de Dilan Cruz fue causada por un arma que utiliza el Esmad: Medicina Legal], El Tiempo, Retrieved 2019-11-28</ref>

* 31 May 2020, 20-year-old Justin Howell was shot in the head by the Austin PD while at a protest, suffering a skull fracture leading to seizure and brain trauma.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kvue.com/article/news/local/austin-protester-police-struck-by-less-lethal-bean-bag-round/269-430f90a2-b6c1-4ee3-9d9c-639faf132100|title=Witness calls for change after APD fires less-lethal round, leaving 20-year-old in critical condition|date=2 June 2020}}</ref>  The next day, 1 June 2020, 16-year-old Brad Levi Ayala also suffered a skull fracture after being shot in the head with a beanbag round by the Austin PD.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cbsaustin.com/news/local/austin-teen-hospitalized-with-head-injury-after-police-shoot-him-with-bean-bags-at-protest|title=Austin teen hospitalized with head injury after police shoot him with bean bags at protest|date=June 2020}}</ref>

* 22 August 2022, Chris Amyotte, 42, an Ojibwa man from Manitoba, died after being hit by a beanbag round fired at him by an officer of the Vancouver Police Department in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/chris-amyotte-bean-bag-gun-police-1.6560809|title=Ojibway father of 7 identified as man who died after being shot by police bean bag gun in Vancouver|date=24 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-25 |title=Vancouver police say man who died after beanbag shooting had been asking for help |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2022/08/25/vancouver-police-say-man-who-died-after-beanbag-shooting-had-been-asking-for-help.html |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=thestar.com |language=en}}</ref>

* 14 September 2023, Krista Kach, 47, an Australian woman died after being hit by a beanbag round fired at her by an officer of New South Wales Police in Stockton, NSW. She was taken to hospital but her condition deteriorated and she later died.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-25 |title=Vancouver police say man who died after beanbag shooting had been asking for help |url=https://www.skynews.com.au/australia-news/nsw-police-suspend-beanbag-rounds-after-interim-autopsy-result-shows-krista-kach-47-died-after-being-struck-in-stockton/news-story/a4d12d9ff3bce44fdc32251e3f0c582a |access-date=2023-09-19 |website=skynews.com.au |language=en}}</ref> An interim coroner's report determined that the round had penetrated her chest, hitting her heart.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dumas |first1=Daisy |title=Woman in NSW siege died after bean bag round penetrated chest and hit heart, police say |url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2023/sep/19/krista-kach-death-cause-bean-bag-rounds-nsw-siege-police |access-date=19 September 2023 |work=The Guardian |publisher=Guardian News and Media Limited |date=19 September 2023}}</ref>

* 24 September 2023, Rafael dos Santos Tercilio Garcia, 32, a deaf fan of São Paulo Football Club, died of [[Medicine:Traumatic brain injury|traumatic brain injury]] just outside Morumbi Stadium after being hit in the head by a beanbag round fired during a [[Social:Riot control|riot control]] operation by the Military Police of São Paulo State directed at São Paulo FC fans celebrating victory in 2023 Brazil Cup. Besides a bean bag device attached to Rafael's head, forensic experts found his cap perforated.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-28 |title='Bean bag' matou são-paulino em confronto entre policiais militares e torcedores, diz delegada |url=https://g1.globo.com/sp/sao-paulo/noticia/2023/09/28/bean-bag-atingiu-a-cabeca-e-matou-sao-paulino-durante-confronto-entre-pm-e-torcedores-diz-delegada.ghtml |access-date=29 September 2023 |website=g1.globo.com |language=pt}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Engineering:Non-lethal weapon|Non-lethal weapon]]
* Shooting of Victoria Snelgrove
* [[Engineering:Wooden bullet|Wooden bullet]]

==References==
<references/>

==Further reading==
*{{cite news|title=Dartmouth police try new tactic|first=David|last=Rising|url=http://www.southcoasttoday.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/19981027/NEWS/310279999&cid=sitesearch|newspaper=The Standard-Times|location=New Bedford, Massachusetts|date=27 October 1998|access-date=25 March 2011|archive-date=4 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004085427/http://www.southcoasttoday.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/19981027/NEWS/310279999&cid=sitesearch|url-status=dead}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.slate.com/id/2165735/|title=What's a Socklike Projectile?|last1=Tsai|first1=Michelle|date=7 May 2007|work =Slate}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bean Bag Round}}
[[Category:Non-lethal projectiles]]
[[Category:Projectiles]]
[[Category:Riot control weapons]]

{{Sourceattribution|Bean bag round}}