View source for Engineering:Babur (cruise missile)

{{Infobox weapon
| is_missile = yes
| name = Babur cruise missile; Hatf VII
| caption = Babur cruise missile deployed at a show in 2006
| image = Babur aa.jpg
| origin = {{PAK}}
| type = [[Engineering:Cruise missile#Medium-range subsonic|Medium-range subsonic cruise missile]]
| used_by = '''Babur–I'''/'''Babur–II'''/'''Babur–IA'''<br>{{small|Army Strategic Forces Command (ASFC)}}<br>'''Babur–III'''<br>{{small|Naval Strategic Forces Command (NSFC)}}
| manufacturer = [[Company:National Defence Complex|National Defence Complex]] (NDC)
| unit_cost = 
| propellant = Solid fuel (booster rocket)<br />Liquid fuel (jet engine)
| production_date = 
| service = 2010–present <ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web|url=https://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/hatf-7/|title=Hatf 7 "Babur" – Missile Threat}}</ref>
| engine = [[Engineering:Turbojet|Turbojet]]<ref name="ReferenceA"/><br /> (Solid-fuel rocket booster during launch)
| engine_power = 
| weight = 1,500 kg<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
| length = 6.2 m <ref name="ReferenceA"/>
| height = 
| diameter = 0.52 m<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
| wingspan = 2.5 m<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
| speed = 0.8 Mach (990 km/h, 615 mph)
| vehicle_range = Babur-I: 700 km<ref name="ReferenceA"/><br>Babur-IA: 450 km<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/amp/1606770}}</ref><br>Babur-II: 750 km <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/68840-pak-missiles-more-superior-than-indias-dr-samar|title=Pak missiles more superior than India's: Dr Samar}}</ref><br>Babur-III: 450 km<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2018/04/pakistan-conducts-second-test-of-babur-3-nuclear-capable-submarine-launched-cruise-missile}}</ref>
| ceiling = 
| altitude = 
| filling = 450 – 500 kg Conventional or nuclear<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
| guidance = [[Earth:Inertial navigation system|INS]], [[Engineering:TERCOM|TERCOM]]/[[Engineering:TERCOM#DSMAC|DSMAC]], [[Engineering:GPS|GPS]], [[Astronomy:GLONASS|GLONASS]]
| detonation = 
| launch_platform = [[Engineering:Transporter erector launcher|Transporter erector launcher]] (TEL)<br>Underwater [[Engineering:Submarine-launched cruise missile|seaborne platform]]
| variants = Babur-I (Mar 22, 2007)<br>Babur-II (Dec 14, 2016)<br>Babur-III (Jan 9, 2017)<br>Babur-IA (Feb 11, 2021)
}}

'''Babur''' ([[Social:Urdu|Urdu]]: '''بابر'''; named after the first Mughal Emperor Zahir-ud-Din Babur<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Military Watch Magazine|url=https://militarywatchmagazine.com/article/pakistan-s-babur-iii-submarine-launched-nuclear-cruise-missile-enters-service-how-will-it-affect-on-the-balance-of-power-in-south-asia|access-date=2021-05-04|website=militarywatchmagazine.com}}</ref>), military designated: '''Hatf-VII''', ''Translit'': ''Target–7'', is a [[Engineering:Cruise missile|medium range]] [[Engineering:Turbojet|turbojet]] powered subsonic [[Engineering:Cruise missile|cruise missile]] that can be launched from land or underwater [[Engineering:Submarine-launched cruise missile|seaborne]] platforms. The missile was first tested in 2005 and is widely believed to have entered service with the Pakistan Army in 2010, and the Pakistan Navy in 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1302318|title=Pakistan conducts successful test of Babur cruise missile|date=2016-12-14|work=dawn.com|access-date=2017-12-28|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/hatf-7/|title=Hatf 7 "Babur" {{!}} Missile Threat|work=Missile Threat|access-date=2017-12-28|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1302318|title=Pakistan conducts successful test of Babur cruise missile|date=14 December 2016|website=dawn.com|access-date=26 July 2017}}</ref><ref name="Dawn">{{cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/152009|title=Pakistan test-fires its first cruise missile|last=Sharif|first=Arshad|date=12 August 2005|website=dawn.com|access-date=26 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.pakistanhotline.com/2014/11/pakistan-navy-armed-with-submarine-missile.html|title=Pakistan Navy armed with latest Submarine and Babur Cruise Missiles|work=Pakistan Hotline|access-date=2017-12-28}}</ref>

==Origin==
[[Image:Babur Cruise Missle at Ideas 2008.jpg|thumb|left|A [[Engineering:Transporter erector launcher|transporter erector launcher (TEL)]], carrying four cruise missiles, on display at the IDEAS 2008 defence exhibition, Karachi, Pakistan]]
[[File:4 Babur Cruise Missiles on a Truck at IDEAS 2008.jpg|right|thumb|A transporter erector launcher (TEL) carrying four cruise missiles on display at the IDEAS 2008 defence exhibition in Karachi]]
Pakistan claims to have developed the Babur in response to alleged reports that India was planning to acquire Patriot missiles from the US, in order to set up a ballistic missile defense system to counter Pakistan's arsenal of ballistic missiles.<ref name="paktribune">{{cite web|url=http://www.paktribune.com/news/index.shtml?115472|title=Information missing|work=Paktribune|access-date=8 October 2015}}</ref> Babur is the first cruise missile to be developed and designed by Pakistan.<ref name="Dawn" /> Some analysts of Indian origin have pointed out similarities of the missile with Chinese and American designs, namely the DH-10 and Tomahawk.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qiZBCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA185|title=Regional Missile Defense from a Global Perspective|last=Kelleher|first=Catherine McArdle|last2=Dombrowski|first2=Peter|date=2015-09-23|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=978-0-8047-9656-9|page=185}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p8BcCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT114|title=Nuclear South Asia: Keywords and Concepts|last=Rajagopalan|first=Rajesh|last2=Mishra|first2=Atul|date=2015-08-12|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-32475-1|page=114}}</ref> Former Pakistani PM Nawaz Sharif claimed that Pakistani scientists reverse-engineered the American Tomahawk missile to make the Babur missile.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nawaz Sharif claims reverse-engineering US Tomahawk missile in 1990s |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2266537/nawaz-sharif-claims-reverse-engineering-us-tomahawk-missile-in-1990s |access-date=28 April 2021 |work=The Express Tribune |date=1 October 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

==Design==
The Babur's airframe is made up of a tubular fuselage, with a pair of folded wings attached to the middle section and the [[Engineering:Empennage|empennage]] at the rear along with the propulsion system.  Propelled by a [[Engineering:Jet engine|jet engine]] ([[Engineering:Turbojet|turbojet]]),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hatf 7 "Babur"|url=https://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/hatf-7/|access-date=2021-05-04|website=Missile Threat|language=en-US}}</ref> the Babur has a maximum speed of approximately 550&nbsp;mph.  Launched from ground-based mobile [[Engineering:Transporter erector launcher|transporter erector launcher]]s (TELs), the Babur can be armed with both conventional and nuclear warheads and has a reported range of {{convert|750|km|mi|abbr=on}}. On launch, a [[Engineering:Booster (rocketry)|booster]] provides additional [[Thrust|thrust]] to accelerate the missile away from the launch vehicle. After the launch the wings unfold, the booster rocket is jettisoned and the jet engine started. The missile is stated to have a high degree of maneuverability, allowing it to "hug" the terrain, and "near-stealth" capabilities.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spacewar.com/reports/Pakistan_Tests_Nuclear_Capable_Cruise_Missile_999.html|title=Pakistan Tests Nuclear-Capable Cruise Missile|access-date=8 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/nuclear-capable-nirbhay-cruise-missiles-test-fails-for-the-fourth-time/articleshow/56105444.cms|title=Nuclear-capable Nirbhay cruise missile's test fails for the fourth time}}</ref> Terrain-hugging ability helps the missile avoid enemy radar detection by utilizing "terrain masking", giving Babur the capability to penetrate enemy air defence systems undetected.<ref name="Dawn" /><ref name="cnn">{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/asiapcf/07/26/pakistan.missile.test.reut/index.html|title=Pakistan test fires nuclear-capable missile|date=26 July 2007|access-date=8 October 2015}}</ref>

The Babur's guidance system uses a combination of [[Earth:Inertial navigation system|inertial navigation system]]s (INS), [[Engineering:TERCOM|terrain contour matching (TERCOM)]] and GPS satellite guidance. The guidance system reportedly gives the missile pinpoint accuracy.<ref name="Dawn" /> GPS access is not guaranteed under hostile conditions so the latest production models have also reportedly incorporated the Russian [[Astronomy:GLONASS|GLONASS]]. Future software and hardware updates could include the European Union's GALILEO and China's [[Engineering:BeiDou Navigation Satellite System|BeiDou Navigation Satellite System]].<ref name="missilethreat.csis.org">{{Cite web |url=http://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/hatf-7-babur/ |title=Hatf 7 "Babur"|access-date=2016-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027061515/http://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/hatf-7-babur/ |archive-date=2016-10-27 |url-status=dead|publisher=Center for Strategic and International Studies}}</ref>  An upgraded variant tested on the 14 December 2016 included upgraded avionics where now the missile is able to accurately hit land and sea based targets without the aid of GPS. Also the missile is able to hit targets more accurately.<ref name="dawn.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1302422/improved-version-of-babur-cruise-missile-tested-successfully|title=Improved version of Babur cruise missile tested successfully|date=15 December 2016|website=dawn.com|access-date=26 July 2017}}</ref><ref name="700km">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/pakistan-successfully-test-fires-cruise-missile-babur-with-range-of-700kms/story-50FloJFcJRhFCjd7XqRdwK.html|title=Pakistan successfully test-fires cruise missile 'Babur' with range of 700km|date=14 December 2016|website=HindustanTimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/1263305/pakistan-successfully-tests-fires-indigenous-babur-cruise-missile/|title=Pakistan successfully tests fires indigenous Babur Cruise Missile – The Express Tribune|date=14 December 2016|website=Tribune.com.pk|access-date=26 July 2017}}</ref>

==Operational history==
On August 12, 2005, Pakistan publicly announced that it had successfully test-fired a nuclear-capable cruise missile with a range of 500&nbsp;km.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/weekly/science/archive/050820/science14.htm|title=science14.htm|date=20 August 2005|website=dawn.com|access-date=26 July 2017}}</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4140692.stm Pakistan fires new cruise missile], BBC News, 11 August 2005</ref> The missile was launched from a land-based [[Engineering:Transporter erector launcher|transporter erector launcher]] (TEL).<ref name="paktribune" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2005-08/Pakistan-Test-Fires-Its-First-Cruise-Missile.cfm?CFID=160727994&CFTOKEN=57239264|title=VOA News Report|date=August 2005|website=VOANews.com|access-date=26 July 2017}}</ref> Pakistan did not notify India of its test-firing as the existing notification agreement is limited to ballistic missile testing only.{{Cn|date=January 2021}}

On March 22, 2007, Pakistan test-fired an upgraded version of the Babur with an extended range of 700&nbsp;km.<ref name="cnn" />

On May 6, 2009, Pakistan conducted another test-firing but did not announce the event until 9 May 2009, citing political reasons.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/Politics/09-May-2009/Babar-missile-testfired-last-Wednesday|title=Babar missile test-fired last Wednesday|date=9 May 2009|work=The Nation|access-date=8 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424151921/http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/politics/09-May-2009/Babar-missile-testfired-last-Wednesday|archive-date=24 April 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/30/world/asia/30missile.html|title=U.S. Says Pakistan Made Changes to Missiles Sold for Defense|first1=Eric|last1=Schmitt|first2=David E.|last2=Sanger|date=29 August 2009|access-date=26 July 2017|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref>

On October 28, 2011, Pakistan successfully test-fired its Babur cruise missile which has a range of 700&nbsp;km. The ISPR said Babur was capable of carrying conventional and atomic warheads. A special feature of this launch was the validation of a new multi-tube missile launch vehicle (MLV) during the test. The three-tube MLV enhances manifold the targeting and deployment options in the conventional and nuclear modes. With its shoot-and-scoot capability, the MLV provides a major force multiplier effect for target employment and survivability.<ref>{{cite web|date=28 October 2011|url=http://www.thenewstribe.com/2011/10/28/pakistan-successfully-tests-babur-cruise-missile|title=Pakistan successfully tests Babur Cruise missile|work=The News Tribe|access-date=8 October 2015}}</ref>

On June 6, 2012, Pakistan conducted a successful test-fire of the multi-tube, indigenously developed cruise missile Hatf-VII (Babur), which can carry both nuclear and conventional warheads with stealth capabilities. It was the third test-fire conducted by Pakistan in the recent past, of different capacity and load. “It can carry both nuclear and conventional warheads and has stealth capabilities”, said an official announcement of the ISPR. “It also incorporates the most modern cruise missile technology of Terrain Contour Matching (Tercom) and Digital Scene Matching and Area Co-relation (DSMAC), which enhances its precision and effectiveness manifolds.”<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-15147-N-capable-Hatf-VII-cruise-missile-test-fired|title=N-capable Hatf-VII cruise missile test-fired|date=6 June 2012|work=The News International, Pakistan|access-date=8 October 2015}}</ref> A new variant of the missile, termed Babur-1B, was test fired on 14 April 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/article/79343/pakistan-test-fires-enhanced-version-of-babur-cruise-missile|title=Pakistan test-fires enhanced version of Babur cruise missile {{!}} Jane's 360|website=www.janes.com|access-date=2018-04-25}}</ref>

On 14 December, 2016, Pakistan conducted a successful launch of an enhanced version of the Babur II missile. Enhancements include upgraded aerodynamics and avionics where now the missile is able to accurately hit targets without the aid of GPS, and also target sea-based targets as well land based targets.<ref name="dawn.com"/><ref name="700km"/>

On 9 January 2017, Pakistan conducted a successful launch of the Babur III missile from an underwater mobile platform. The Babur-III has a range of 450&nbsp;km and can be used as a second-strike capability.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-missiles-idUSKBN14T1EL|title=Pakistan fires 'first submarine-launched nuclear-capable missile'|date=10 January 2017|access-date=26 July 2017|via=Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://arynews.tv/en/pakistan-test-fires-first-submarine-launched-cruise-missile-babur-3/|title=Pakistan test-fires first submarine cruise missile Babur-3|website=AryNews.tv|access-date=26 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-38563330|title=Pakistan 'launches first cruise missile from submarine'|date=9 January 2017|access-date=26 July 2017|via=www.BBC.co.uk}}</ref><ref name="tribune.com.pk">{{cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/1289288/pakistan-successfully-test-fires-babur-iii-cruise-missile/|title=Pakistan fires 'first submarine-launched nuclear-capable missile' – The Express Tribune|date=9 January 2017|website=Tribune.com.pk|access-date=26 July 2017}}</ref> It has been speculated that the missile is ultimately designed to be incorporated with the [[Engineering:Agosta-class submarine#Pakistan Navy|Agosta 90B-class submarine]] which has been reported to have been modified.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thediplomat.com/2017/01/pakistans-tests-new-sub-launched-nuclear-capable-cruise-missile-what-now/|title=Pakistan Tests New Sub-Launched Nuclear-Capable Cruise Missile. What Now?|last=Panda|first=Ankit|work=The Diplomat|access-date=2017-12-28|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thediplomat.com/2017/10/the-risks-of-pakistans-sea-based-nuclear-weapons/|title=The Risks of Pakistan's Sea-Based Nuclear Weapons|last=Panda|first=Ankit|work=The Diplomat|access-date=2017-12-28|language=en-US}}</ref> On 29 March 2018, Pakistan reported that the missile had again been successfully tested.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/defence/pakistan-tests-its-indigenously-built-submarine-launched-cruise-missile-babur/1115584/|title=Pakistan tests its indigenously built Submarine Launched Cruise Missile Babur|date=2018-03-30|work=The Financial Express|access-date=2018-03-30|language=en-US}}</ref>

On 11 February, 2021, Pakistan conducted successful launch of Babur-1A cruise missile having upgraded avionics and navigation systems and capability to hit the ground based and sea based surface targets with the range of 450 km.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Siddiqui|first=Naveed|date=2021-02-11|title=Pakistan Army conducts successful test launch of surface-to-surface Babur cruise missile|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1606770|access-date=2021-05-04|website=DAWN.COM|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-11|title=Pakistan conducts successful launch of Babur cruise missile|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/2283548/pakistan-conducts-successful-training-launch-of-babur-cruise-missile|access-date=2021-05-04|website=The Express Tribune|language=en}}</ref>

==Harbah==
Harbah is a ship and submarine-launched<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ansari |first1=Usman |title=Outgoing Pakistan Navy chief reveals details of modernization programs |url=https://www.defensenews.com/naval/2020/10/14/outgoing-pakistan-navy-chief-reveals-details-of-modernization-programs/ |website=defensenews.com |date=14 October 2020 |access-date=14 November 2020}}</ref> anti-ship and land-attack cruise missile believed to have been derived from Babur. ISPR, media wing of the Pakistan Armed Forces, reported that the missile was test fired on 3 January 2018 from PNS ''Himmat'', an {{sclass|Azmat|fast attack craft|0}} missile boat{{Explain|date=June 2021|reason=a missile supposed to be submarine launched one launched from a missile boat?}}.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|url=https://thediplomat.com/2018/01/pakistan-tests-an-indigenously-developed-anti-ship-cruise-missile/|title=Pakistan Tests An Indigenously Developed Anti-Ship Cruise Missile|last=Diplomat|first=Ankit Panda, The|work=The Diplomat|access-date=2018-01-13|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/article/76779/pakistan-conducts-firing-of-cruise-missile-from-azmat-class-boat|title=Pakistan conducts firing of cruise missile from Azmat-class boat {{!}} Jane's 360|website=www.janes.com|access-date=2018-01-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.paknavy.gov.pk/IMPRESSIVE%20FIRE%20POWER%20DISPLAY.pdf|title=IMPRESSIVE FIRE POWER DISPLAY BY PAKISTAN NAVY IN NORTH ARABIAN SEA}}</ref>

==See also==
;Related developments
* Hatf-VIII (Ra'ad) 
;Similar missiles
* Tomahawk (missile)
* CJ-10 (missile)
* Hyunmoo-3
* Nirbhay

;Related lists
* [[Engineering:List of missiles|List of missiles]]
* [[Engineering:List of missiles by country|List of missiles by country]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.janes.com/extracts/extract/jsws/jswsa305.html Jane's Information article on Hatf 7 (Babur)]
* [http://www.janes.com/extracts/extract/jsws/jswsa305.html Jane's Information article on Hatf 7 (Babur)]
* https://web.archive.org/web/20071213215008/http://www.pakmilitary.net/army/arsenal/cruise_missile.html

{{Military of Pakistan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Babur Cruise Missile}}
[[Category:Anti-ship missiles]]
[[Category:Anti-ship cruise missiles]]

{{Sourceattribution|Babur (cruise missile)|1}}