View source for Earth:TOXMAP

'''TOXMAP''' was a [[Geographic information system|geographic information system (GIS)]] from the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM) that was deprecated on December 16, 2019. The application used maps of the {{wipe|United States}} to help users explore data from the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) and Superfund programs with visual projections and maps.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://explore.data.gov/Health-and-Nutrition/TOXMAP-online-toxicology-maps-/3zb7-374y? |title=TOXMAP®:online toxicology maps |publisher=United States [[Data.gov]] |date=February 7, 2011 |accessdate=October 27, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.genengnews.com/best-of-the-web/toxmap/584/ |title=TOXMAP® |publisher=Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News |date=August 2005 |accessdate=October 27, 2011}}</ref>
==Description==
TOXMAP helped users create nationwide, regional, or local area maps showing where TRI chemicals are released on-site into the air, water, ground, and by underground injection, as reported by industrial facilities in the United States.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hochstein |first1=Colette |last2=Szczur |first2=Marti |title=TOXMAP: a GIS-based gateway to environmental health resources |journal=Medical Reference Services Quarterly |volume=25 |issue=3 |pages=13–31 |year=2006 |pmid=16893844 |pmc=2703818 |doi=10.1300/J115v25n03_02}}
</ref> It also identified the releasing facilities, color-codes release amounts for a single year or year range, and provides multi-year aggregate chemical release data and trends over time, starting with 1988. Maps also can show locations of Superfund sites on the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry National Priorities List (NPL), which lists all chemical contaminants present at these sites.

There were two versions of TOXMAP available from its home page: the classic version of TOXMAP released in 2004 and, a newer version released in 2014 that is based on [[Software:Adobe Flash|Adobe Flash]]/[[Software:Apache Flex|Apache Flex]] technology. In addition to many of the features of TOXMAP classic, the new version provides an improved map appearance and interactive capabilities as well as a more current GIS look-and-feel. This included seamless panning, immediate update of search results when zooming to a location, two collapsible side panels to maximize map size, and automatic size adjustment after a window resize. The new TOXMAP also improved U.S. Census layers and availability by Census Tract (2000 and 2010), Canadian National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI) data, U.S. commercial nuclear power plants, as well as improved and updated congressional district boundaries.

TOXMAP classic users may search the system by location (such as city, state, or ZIP code), chemical name, chemical name fragment, release medium, release amount, facility name and ID, and can filter results to those residing within a pre-defined or custom geographic region.

Search results may be brought up in [[Software:Google Maps|Google Maps]] or [[Software:Google Earth|Google Earth]], or saved for use in other tools. TOXMAP also overlays map data such as U.S. Census population information, income figures from the Bureau of Economic Analysis, and health data from the [[Organization:National Cancer Institute|National Cancer Institute]] and the National Center for Health Statistics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/toxmap.html |title=TOXMAP Fact Sheet|publisher=United States National Library of Medicine |date=January 14, 2011 |accessdate=May 19, 2011}}</ref>

The data shown in TOXMAP comes from the following sources:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://toxmap.nlm.nih.gov/toxmap/faq/2009/08/what-data-sources-does-toxmap-use.html |title=What data sources does TOXMAP use? |publisher=United States National Library of Medicine |date=July 26, 2010 |accessdate=May 5, 2011}}</ref>

* EPA Toxics Release Inventory (TRI)
* EPA Superfund Program (National Priorities List/NPL)
* Environment Canada 
* [[Organization:National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences|National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)]] [[Organization:Superfund Research Program|Superfund Research Program]]
* [[Biology:Hazardous Substances Data Bank|Hazardous Substances Data Bank]]
* [https://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/toxlinfs.html NLM TOXLINE (Toxicology Bibliographic Information)]
* Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
* National Atlas of the United States
* Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database
* National Center for Health Statistics
* Nuclear Regulatory Commission 
* [[Company:Esri|Esri]]

==Shutdown==
The database was pulled from the internet by the Trump administration in December 2019. The NLM said in a statement that much of the information remained available from the original sources, and that thus the database could be removed; critics, such as the Environmental Data & Governance Initiative, suggested it was part of a larger effort on the part of the administration to obfuscate the detrimental results of the rollback of Obama-era environmental regulations.<ref>{{cite news |magazine=Newsweek |title=TOXMAP, Federal Database Allowing Public to Track U.S. Pollution, Shut Down After 15 Years by Trump Administration|url=https://www.newsweek.com/toxmap-federal-database-allowing-public-track-us-pollution-shut-down-after-15-years-trump-1479146 |first=Jeffery |last=Martin |date=December 24, 2019 |accessdate= December 26, 2019}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
*Hochstein, Colette, Gemoets, Darren: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4251466/ Ten Years of Change: National Library of Medicine TOXMAP Gets a New Look]. At: 2014 *{{cite journal |pmid=25316076 |year=2014|last1=Hochstein |first1=C |last2=Gemoets |first2=D |title=Ten years of change: National Library of Medicine TOXMAP gets a new look |volume=33 |issue=4 |pages=428–37 |pmc=4251466 |journal=Medical Reference Services Quarterly |doi=10.1080/02763869.2014.957090}}
*Hochstein, Colette, Gemoets, Darren: [http://proceedings.esri.com/library/userconf/feduc11/papers/user/presentation-3125.pdf TOXMAP: Environmental Health Maps Now Powered by ArcGIS Server]. At: 2011 Esri Federal User Conference.
*Hochstein, Colette, Gemoets, Darren: [http://proceedings.esri.com/library/userconf/feduc08/papers/toxmap_esri_feduc_2008.pdf Recent Enhancements to TOXMAP, an Environmental Health GIS]. At: 2008 Esri Federal User Conference.
*{{cite journal |pmid=17915629 |year=2007 |last1=Hochstein |first1=C |last2=Arnesen |first2=S |last3=Goshorn |first3=J |title=Environmental health and toxicology resources of the United States National Library of Medicine |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=21–45 |pmc=2716653 |journal=Medical Reference Services Quarterly |doi=10.1300/J115v26n03_02}}
*{{cite journal |doi=10.1300/J115v26n03_02 |last1=Hochstein |first1=Colette |last2=Arnesen |first2=Stacey |last3=Goshorn |first3=Jeanne |title=Environmental health and toxicology resources of the United States National Library of Medicine |journal=Medical Reference Services Quarterly |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=21–45 |year=2007 |pmid=17915629 |pmc=2716653}}
* Hochstein C, Szczur M. TOXMAP: A GIS-based gateway to environmental health resources. In: Thomas C; Standards for Success: GIS for Federal Progress and Accountability. Redlands, CA: ESRI Press; 2006; pages 50–56; {{ISBN|978-1-58948-087-2}}.
*{{cite journal |last1=Hochstein |first1=C. |title=TOXMAP: A geographic information portal |journal=MLA News |date=June–July 2005 |issue=377}}
*{{cite journal |doi=10.1289/ehp.112-a161 |title=EHPnet: National Library of Medicine TOXMAP |year=2004 |last1=Dooley |first1=Erin E. |journal=Environmental Health Perspectives |volume=112 |issue=3 |pages=a161}}
* Szczur, Marti; Krahe, Chris; Hochstein, Colette: [http://proceedings.esri.com/library/userconf/proc04/abstracts/a1760.html TOXMAP: A GIS Information Portal to Environmental Health Databases]. At: 2004 [[Organization:Esri International User Conference|Esri International User Conference]].

==External links==
* [http://toxmap.nlm.nih.gov NLM TOXMAP ]
* [http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov NLM TOXNET ]
* [http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/enviro.html NLM Environmental Health and Toxicology ]
* [http://toxmap.nlm.nih.gov/toxmap/home/about.jsp About TOXMAP ]


[[Category:Toxicology]]
[[Category:Biological databases]]
[[Category:Medical search engines]]
[[Category:Geographic information systems]]

{{Sourceattribution|TOXMAP|1}}