View source for Earth:Phonotephrite

[[File:Peridotite mantle xenoliths in vesicular phonotephrite (Peridot Mesa Flow, Middle Pleistocene, 580 ka; Peridot Mesa, San Carlos Volcanic Field, Arizona) 10 (31101103172).jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|Peridotite xenoliths (green) in phonotephrite from Peridot Mesa, Arizona]]
'''Phonotephrite''' or '''phono-tephrite''' is a strongly [[Chemistry:Alkaline|alkaline]] [[Earth:Volcanic rock|volcanic rock]] with a composition between [[Earth:Phonolite|phonolite]] and [[Earth:Tephrite|tephrite]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/Unusual%20lava.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105231754/http://sci.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/Unusual%20lava.html|archive-date=2020-11-05|title=Unusual Lava Types|work=Strongly Alkaline Lavas|publisher=[[Organization:San Diego State University|San Diego State University]]|access-date=2016-09-11}}</ref> This unusual [[Earth:Igneous rock|igneous rock]] contains 7 to 12% [[Chemistry:Alkali|alkali]] content and 45 to 53% [[Chemistry:Silica|silica]] content (see TAS diagram). It can be described as a [[Earth:Mafic|mafic]] phonolite or a potassic tephrite. Phonotephrite lava flows and [[Earth:Volcanic cone|volcanic cone]]s have been identified in Antarctica (e.g. [[Earth:Mount Erebus|Mount Erebus]]), Europe (e.g. [[Earth:Mount Vesuvius|Mount Vesuvius]]), North America (e.g. [[Earth:Satah Mountain volcanic field|Satah Mountain volcanic field]]) and Africa (e.g. Jbel Saghro).<ref>{{cite journal|title=<sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar dating of the eruptive history of Mount Erebus, Antarctica: volcano evolution|last1=P. Esser|first1=Richard|last2=R. Kyle|first2=Philip|last3=McIntosh|first3=William C.|year=2004|journal=[[Earth:Bulletin of Volcanology|Bulletin of Volcanology]]|volume=66 |issue=8 |page=671 |publisher=[[Company:Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]]|doi=10.1007/s00445-004-0354-x |bibcode=2004BVol...66..671E |s2cid=129118037 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=The Satah Mountain and Baldface Mountain volcanic fields: Pleistocene hot spot volcanism in the Anahim Volcanic Belt, west-central British Columbia, Canada|last1=Kuehn|first1=Christian|last2=Guest|first2=Bernard|last3=K. Russell|first3=James|last4=A. Benowitz|first4=Jeff|year=2015|page=8|journal=[[Earth:Bulletin of Volcanology|Bulletin of Volcanology]]|publisher=[[Company:Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=The role of fractional crystallization and late-stage peralkaline melt segregation in the mineralogical evolution of Cenozoic nephelinites/phonolites from Saghro (SE Morocco)|last1=Berger|first1=J.|last2=Ennih|first2=N.|last3=Mercier|first3=J.-C. C.|last4=Liégeois|first4=J.-P.|last5=Demaiffe|first5=D.|year=2009|journal=Mineralogical Magazine|publisher=[[Organization:Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland|Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland]]|volume=73|number=1|page=59 |doi=10.1180/minmag.2009.073.1.59 |bibcode=2009MinM...73...59B |s2cid=54866658 |issn=1471-8022}}</ref><ref name="Pichavant_etal_2014">{{cite journal | title=Nature and Evolution of Primitive Vesuvius Magmas: an Experimental Study | first1=M. | last1=Pichavant | first2=B. | last2=Scaillet | first3=A. | last3=Pommier | first4=G. | last4=Iacono-Marziano | first5=R. |last5=Cioni | journal=Journal of Petrology | publisher = [[Organization:Oxford University Press|Oxford University Press]] | year=2014 | volume=55 | issue=11 | pages=2281–2310 | doi=10.1093/petrology/egu057| doi-access=free }}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Earth:Tephriphonolite|Tephriphonolite]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Volcanoes}}

[[Category:Volcanic rocks]]

{{Sourceattribution|Phonotephrite}}