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{{Short description|Large area of interconnected glaciers}}
[[File: Southern Patagonian Ice Field.jpg|thumb|Southern Patagonian Ice Field]]
[[File:Harding Ice Field 2.jpg|thumb|Harding Icefield, Kenai National Wildlife Refuge]]
An '''ice field''' (also spelled '''icefield''') is a mass of interconnected valley glaciers (also called mountain glaciers or alpine glaciers) on a mountain mass with protruding rock ridges or summits.<ref>{{Cite book|last=H.|first=Strahler, Alan|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/816479914|title=Introducing physical geography|date=2013|publisher=Wiley|isbn=978-1-118-39620-9|pages=606|oclc=816479914}}</ref> They are often found in the colder climates and higher altitudes of the world where there is sufficient precipitation for them to form. The higher peaks of the underlying mountain rock that protrude through the icefields are known as [[Earth:Nunatak|nunatak]]s. Ice fields are larger than alpine glaciers, but smaller than [[Earth:Ice cap|ice cap]]s and [[Earth:Ice sheet|ice sheet]]s. The topography of ice fields is determined by the shape of the surrounding landforms, while ice caps have their own forms overriding underlying shapes.

==Formation==
Ice fields are formed by a large accumulation of snow which, through years of compression and freezing, turns into ice. Due to ice's susceptibility to gravity, ice fields usually form over large areas that are basins or atop plateaus, thus allowing a continuum of ice to form over the landscape uninterrupted by glacial channels. Glaciers often form on the edges of ice fields, serving as gravity-propelled drains off the ice field which is in turn replenished by snowfall.

While an ice cap is not constrained by topography, an ice field is. An ice field is also distinguishable from an ice cap because it does not have a dome-like form.<ref>Summerfield (1999). {{Full citation needed|date=June 2015}}</ref>

==Ice fields of the world==

===Asia===
There are several ice fields in the Himalayas and Altay Mountains (the border range between the [[Place:Central Asia|Central Asian Republic]]s and {{wipe|China}}). One unexpected ice field is located in Yolyn Am, a mountain valley located in the northern end of the [[Earth:Gobi Desert|Gobi Desert]].

===Oceania===
There are no ice fields in {{wipe|Australia}}.

[[Earth:New Zealand|New Zealand]] has 
* Garden of Eden Ice Plateau
* Garden of Allah ice field<ref>[http://maps.google.co.nz/maps?hl=en&sll=-43.461392,172.54921&sspn=0.242719,0.53009&ie=UTF8&ll=-43.318559,170.70488&spn=0.060823,0.197754&t=p&z=13 Map of the gardens]</ref>
* Olivine Ice Plateau<ref>[http://maps.google.co.nz/maps?hl=en&geocode=&sll=-43.318559,170.70488&sspn=0.060823,0.132523&ie=UTF8&ll=-44.435741,168.370285&spn=0.056751,0.197754&t=p&z=13 Google map reference]</ref>

Reference:<ref>[http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1386h/nzealand/nzealand.html USGS SATELLITE IMAGE ATLAS OF GLACIERS OF THE WORLD, GLACIERS OF IRIAN JAYA, INDONESIA, AND NEW ZEALAND,GLACIERS OF NEW ZEALAND By TREVOR J.H. CHINN]</ref>

===Europe===
The only large ice fields in mainland Europe are in {{wipe|Norway}} (e.g., Dovre and Jotunheimen). There are several dozen small ice fields in the [[Place:Alps|Alps]] and tiny remnants of permanent ice in Sweden, the Apennines, the Pyrenees and the [[Place:Balkans|Balkans]].<ref name=hiddeneurope>{{cite news|url=http://www.hiddeneurope.co.uk/of-glaciers-and-glacierets|title=Of glaciers and glacierets|year=2011|work=hidden europe e-brief Issue 2011/35|access-date=December 10, 2011}}</ref> Since the disappearance of the last remaining ice field in Andalucía, with the disappearance of the Corral del Veleta glacier in 1913, the southernmost surviving permanent ice field in continental Europe is Snezhnika in Bulgaria.<ref name=hiddeneurope/>

Beyond the mainland of continental Europe, there are substantial ice fields in Iceland, [[Place:Svalbard|Svalbard]] and Franz-Josef Land and smaller surviving ice fields on Jan Mayen and Novaya Zemlya.

===North America===
One of the more celebrated North American ice fields is the Columbia Icefield located in the Rocky Mountains between Jasper and Banff, Alberta. Easy access by road contributes to the status of this ice field as one of the most visited in North America, although it is actually a comparatively small ice field within the huge and largely ice-free American cordillera. <!-- the cordillera is a region not an Icefield. -->

Many particularly expansive ice fields lie in the Coast Mountains, Alaska Range, and Chugach Mountains of [[Earth:Alaska|Alaska]], British Columbia, and the Yukon Territory. The 6,500&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> Stikine Icecap (located between the Stikine and Taku Rivers) and the 2,500&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> Juneau Icefield (located between Lynn Canal and the Taku River) both straddle the British Columbian-Alaskan border. Farther north, the Kluane Icecap &mdash; which feeds the immense Malaspina and Hubbard Glaciers as well as the Bagley Icefield &mdash; sits upon the British Columbia-Yukon Territory-Alaska border and surrounds most of the Saint Elias Mountains as well as both [[Earth:Mount Saint Elias|Mount Saint Elias]] and Mount Logan; it extends as far west as the Copper River.

There are also large ice fields located in the Kenai Peninsula-Chugach Mountains area, such as the Sargent Icefield and the Harding Icefield. Throughout the Alaska Range there also large icefields (including one surrounding [[Earth:Denali|Denali]]) which are mostly unnamed.

===South America===
In [[Earth:South America|South America]] there are three main ice fields.

The main ice field, known as ''Campo de Hielo Sur'' ([[Earth:Southern Patagonian Ice Field|Southern Patagonian Ice Field]]) is located at the Southern [[Place:Patagonia|Patagonic]] [[Place:Andes|Andes]], and it is shared between {{wipe|Chile}} and {{wipe|Argentina}}. It is the world's second largest contiguous extrapolar ice field. At about 16,800 square kilometers, it is second only to southeastern Alaska's approximately 25,000 square kilometer Kluane / Wrangell–St. Elias / Glacier Bay / Tatshenshini-Alsek Ice Field.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/72 |title=Kluane / Wrangell-St. Elias / Glacier Bay / Tatshenshini-Alsek |website=[[Organization:UNESCO|UNESCO]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224234804/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/72 |archive-date=2017-02-24 }}</ref> Another notable icefield is ''Campo de Hielo Norte'' ([[Earth:Northern Patagonian Ice Field|Northern Patagonian Ice Field]]), which is located entirely in {{wipe|Chile}}; and a third smaller icefield, known as the Ice Fields of the Darwin Range, which is located on the western ({{wipe|Chile}}an) portion of [[Earth:Tierra del Fuego|Tierra del Fuego]] proper.

==See also==
*[[Earth:List of glaciers|List of glaciers and icefields]]
*[[Earth:Ice sheet|Ice sheet]]
*[[Earth:Glacier|Glacier]]
*[[Earth:Nunatak|Nunatak]]

==Sources==
{{reflist}}

{{Earth's landforms}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ice Field}}
[[Category:Bodies of ice]]
[[Category:Ice fields| ]]

{{Sourceattribution|Ice field}}