View source for Earth:Grès supérieurs Formation

{{Infobox rockunit
| name           = Grès supérieurs Formation
| image          = 
| caption        = 
| type           = [[Earth:Geological formation|Geological formation]]
| age            = [[Earth:Aptian|Aptian]]-[[Earth:Albian|Albian]]<br>~{{fossilrange|120|100}}
| period         = Albian
| prilithology   = [[Earth:Sandstone|Sandstone]], mudstone
| otherlithology = [[Earth:Siltstone|Siltstone]]
| namedfor       = "Upper sandstone"
| namedby        = 
| region         = Savannakhet Province
| country        = {{flag|Laos}}
| coordinates    = {{coord|17.0|N|106.0|E|display=inline,title}}
| paleocoordinates = {{coord|18.0|N|112.6|E|display=inline}}
| unitof         = Indosinias Group, equivalent with units of Khorat Group
| subunits       = 
| underlies      = 
| overlies       = 
| thickness      = 
| extent         = Savannakhet Basin
| area           = 
| map            = {{Location map+ | Laos
| relief = 1
| width   = 250
| float   = center
| places  =
  {{Location map~ | Laos
  | lat_deg = 17.0
  | lon_deg = 106.0
  | mark = Green pog.svg
  | marksize = 10
  }}
}}
| map_caption    = 
}}

The '''Grès supérieurs Formation''' (French for "Upper sandstone") is a geological formation in Laos whose strata date back to the [[Earth:Aptian|Aptian]] to [[Earth:Albian|Albian]] stages of the [[Earth:Early Cretaceous|Early Cretaceous]]. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.<ref name="cretaceousdistribution">Weishampel et al., pp.563-570</ref> It is equivalent to the [[Earth:Khok Kruat Formation|Khok Kruat Formation]] of Thailand. 

== Fossil content ==
The Grès supérieurs Formation has also yielded remains of indeterminate iguanodontians, as well as [[Biology:Ornithopod|ornithopod]] and sauropod tracks.

=== Fish ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center"
|- 
! colspan="7" align="center" | [[Biology:Fish|Fish]]
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Location !! Stratigraphic position !! Material !! Notes !! Images
|-
| ''Lanxangichthys''
| ''L. alticephalus''
|
|
| A three-dimensionally preserved skull
| A basal [[Biology:Lepisosteiformes|lepisosteiform]]<ref name="Cavin2019">{{cite journal |last1=Cavin |first1=L. |last2=Deesri |first2=U. |last3=Veran |first3=M. |last4=Khentavong |first4=B. |last5=Jintasakul |first5=P. |last6=Chanthasit |first6=P. |last7=Allain |first7=R. |title=A new Lepisosteiformes (Actinopterygii: Ginglymodi) from the Early Cretaceous of Laos and Thailand, SE Asia |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |date=2019 |volume=17 |issue=5 |pages=393–407 |doi=10.1080/14772019.2018.1426060}}</ref>
|}

=== Dinosaurs ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center"
|- 
! colspan="7" align="center" | [[Biology:Dinosaur|Dinosaur]]s
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Location !! Stratigraphic position !! Material !! Notes !! Images
|-
| style="background:#E6E6E6;" | ''Mandschurosaurus''
| style="background:#E6E6E6;" | ''M. laosensis''
| style="background:#E6E6E6;" |
| style="background:#E6E6E6;" |
| style="background:#E6E6E6;" |
| style="background:#E6E6E6;" | An indeterminate [[Biology:Iguanodontia|iguanodontia]]n<ref name="cretaceousdistribution" />
| style="background:#E6E6E6;" |
|-
| ''[[Biology:Tangvayosaurus|Tangvayosaurus]]''
| ''T. hoffeti''
| 
| 
| "[Two] partial postcranial skeletons."<ref name="table-13-1-268">"Table 13.1," in Weishampel et al., 2004, p.268</ref>
| A sauropod<ref name="cretaceousdistribution" />
| [[File:Caudal_vertebrae_Tangvayosaurus_hoffeti.jpg|center|100px]]
|-
| style="background:#f3e9f3;" | ''[[Biology:Titanosaurus|Titanosaurus]]''
| style="background:#E6E6E6;" | ''T. falloti''
| style="background:#E6E6E6;" | 
| style="background:#E6E6E6;" | 
| style="background:#E6E6E6;" | 
| style="background:#E6E6E6;" | An indeterminate sauropod possibly referable to ''Tangvayosaurus''<ref name="cretaceousdistribution" />
| style="background:#E6E6E6;" |
|-
| ''[[Biology:Ichthyovenator|Ichthyovenator]]''
| ''I. laosensis''
| 
| 
| An incomplete skeleton<ref name="table-13-1-268"/>
| A spinosaurid<ref name="cretaceousdistribution" />
| [[File:Ichthyovenator_laosensis_life_reconstruction_by_PaleoGeek.png|center|100px]]
|-
|}


;Other fossils
* Sauropod tracks<ref name="cretaceousdistribution"/> 
* Iguanodontia indet (=Mandschurosaurus laosensis)<ref name="cretaceousdistribution"/> 
* Euornithopod tracks<ref name="cretaceousdistribution"/>

== See also ==
* List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

=== Bibliography ===
* {{cite LSA |last=Weishampel |first=David B. |last2=Dodson |first2=Peter |last3=Osmólska (eds.) |first3=Halszka |year=2004 |title=The Dinosauria, 2nd edition |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vtZFDb_iw40C |publisher=Berkeley: University of California Press |pages=1–880 |accessdate=2019-02-21}} {{ISBN|0-520-24209-2}}

== Further reading ==
<!--most recent first-->
* R. Allain, T. Xaisanavong, P. Richir and B. Khentavong. 2012. The first definitive Asian spinosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the early cretaceous of Laos. Naturwissenschaften 99:369-377
* F. de Lapparent de Broin. 2004. A new Shachemydinae (Chelonii, Cryptodira) from the Lower Cretaceous of Laos: preliminary data. Comptes Rendus Palevol 3:387-396
* R. Allain, P. Taquet, B. Battail, J. Dejax, P. Richir, M. Véran, F. Limon-Duparcmeur, R. Vacant, O. Mateus, P. Sayarath, B. Khenthavong and S. Phouyavong. 1999. Un nouveau genre de dinosaure sauropode de la formation des Grès supérieurs (Aptien-Albien) du Laos [A new genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Grès supérieurs Formation (Aptian-Albian) of Laos]. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences à Paris, Sciences de la Terre et des Planètes 329:609-616
* J.-H. Hoffet. 1942. Description de quelques ossements de Titanosauriens du Sénonien du Bas-Laos [Description of some titanosaurian bones from the Senonian of Lower Laos]. Comptes Rendus des Séances du Conseil des Recherches Scientifiques de l'Indochine 1942(1):49-57
* J.-H. Hoffett. 1936. Découverte du Crétacé en Indochine [Discovery of the Cretaceous in Indochina]. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Académie des Sciences 202:1867-1869

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gres Superieurs Formation}}
[[Category:Albian Stage]]
[[Category:Aptian Stage]]
[[Category:Sandstone formations]]
[[Category:Fluvial deposits]]
[[Category:Ichnofossiliferous formations]]

{{Sourceattribution|Grès supérieurs Formation}}