View source for Earth:Barstovian

{{Short description|North American faunal stage}}
[[File:Rainbow Basin.JPG|thumb|[[Earth:Syncline|Syncline]] in the Barstow Formation (Barstovian) in Rainbow Basin near Barstow, {{wipe|California}}.]]
[[File:CamelFootprintBarstowMiocene.jpg|thumb|Cameloid footprint (''Lamaichnum alfi'' Sarjeant and Reynolds, 1999; convex hyporelief) from the Barstow Formation (Barstovian) of Rainbow Basin, California.]]
The '''Barstovian North American Stage''' on the geologic timescale is the North American  faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology (NALMA), typically set from 16,300,000 to 13,600,000 years [[Earth:Before Present|BP]], a period of {{Mya|16.3-13.6|million years}}.<ref>[http://paleodb.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=displayInterval&interval_no=222 Paleobiology Database, Barstovian]</ref> It is usually considered to overlap the [[Earth:Langhian|Langhian]] and [[Earth:Serravallian|Serravallian]] stages of the [[Earth:Middle Miocene|Middle Miocene]]. The Barstovian is preceded by the [[Earth:Hemingfordian|Hemingfordian]] and followed by the [[Earth:Clarendonian|Clarendonian]] NALMA stages.

The Barstovian can be further divided into the substages of:
* late Late Barstovian: Lower boundary source of the base of the Langhian (approximate)
* early Late Barstovian: Base of the Langhian (approximate)
* early/lower Barstovian: Upper boundary source: base of Clarendonian (approximate)

== Correlations ==
The Barstovian (15.97 to 13.6 Ma) correlates with:
* [[Earth:South American land mammal age|SALMA]]
** [[Earth:Colloncuran|Colloncuran]] (15.5-13.8 Ma)<ref name=FWColloncuran>[http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=displayInterval&interval_no=727 Colloncuran] at [[Biology:Fossilworks|Fossilworks]].org</ref>
** earliest [[Earth:Laventan|Laventan]] (13.8-11.8 Ma)<ref name=FWLaventan>[http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=displayInterval&interval_no=726 Laventan] at [[Biology:Fossilworks|Fossilworks]].org</ref>
* [[Earth:European land mammal age|ELMA]] - Astaracian (15.97-11.608 Ma)<ref name=FWAstaracian>[http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=displayInterval&interval_no=292 Astaracian] at [[Biology:Fossilworks|Fossilworks]].org</ref>
* Mammal Neogene Units, European Faunal Zones
** MN 5 zone (15.97-13.65 Ma)<ref name=FWMN5>[http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=displayInterval&interval_no=306 MN 5 zone] at [[Biology:Fossilworks|Fossilworks]].org</ref>
* CPS<ref name=FWCPS>[http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=viewTimeScale&scale_no=129 Central Paratethys Stages] at [[Biology:Fossilworks|Fossilworks]].org</ref>
** earliest Badenian (13.65-12.7 Ma)<ref name=FWBadenian>[http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=displayInterval&interval_no=1046 Badenian] at [[Biology:Fossilworks|Fossilworks]].org</ref>
* [[Earth:Stratigraphy of New Zealand|New Zealand stratigraphy]] - Southland epoch (15.9-10.92 Ma)<ref name=FWSouthland>[http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=displayInterval&interval_no=927 Southland epoch] at [[Biology:Fossilworks|Fossilworks]].org</ref>
** Clifdenian (15.9-13.65 Ma)<ref name=FWClifdenian>[http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=displayInterval&interval_no=953 Clifdenian] at [[Biology:Fossilworks|Fossilworks]].org</ref>
** earliest Lillburnian (13.65-12.7 Ma)<ref name=FWLillburnian>[http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=displayInterval&interval_no=952 Lillburnian] at [[Biology:Fossilworks|Fossilworks]].org</ref>
* NMAC
** Shanwangian (16.9-13.65 Ma)<ref name=FWShanwangian>[http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=displayInterval&interval_no=1042 Shanwangian] at [[Biology:Fossilworks|Fossilworks]].org</ref>
** earliest Tunggurian (13.65-11.1 Ma)<ref name=FWTunggurian>[http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=displayInterval&interval_no=1041 Tunggurian] at [[Biology:Fossilworks|Fossilworks]].org</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}


[[Category:Barstovian| ]]
[[Category:Miocene life]]

{{Sourceattribution|Barstovian}}