View source for Earth:Barremian

{{Short description|Fourth age and stage of the Early/Lower Cretaceous}}
{{Infobox geologic timespan
| name = Barremian
| color = Barremian
| time_start = 125.77
| time_start_prefix = ~
| time_end = 121.4
| time_end_prefix = ~
| image_map =
| caption_map = 
| image_outcrop = StratotypeBarremienA.JPG
| caption_outcrop = Barremian [[Earth:Sedimentary rock|sedimentary rock]] layers, France
| image_art =
| caption_art =
<!--Chronology-->  
| timeline = Cretaceous
| formerly_part_of = 
| partially_contained_in = 
| partially_contains = 
<!--Etymology-->
| name_formality = Formal
| name_accept_date = 
| alternate_spellings =
| synonym1 =
| synonym1_coined =
| synonym2 = 
| synonym2_coined =
| synonym3 = 
| synonym3_coined =
| nicknames =
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<!--Usage Information--> 
| celestial_body = earth
| usage = Global ([[Organization:International Commission on Stratigraphy|ICS]])
| timescales_used = ICS Time Scale
| formerly_used_by =
| not_used_by =
<!--Definition-->
| chrono_unit = Age
| strat_unit = Stage
| proposed_by =
| type_section =
| timespan_formality = Formal
| lower_boundary_def = Not formally defined
| lower_def_candidates = [[Earth:First appearance datum|FAD]] of the ''[[Biology:Spitidiscus|Spitidiscus hugii]]''-''[[Biology:Spitidiscus|Spitidiscus vandeckii]]'' [[Biology:Ammonite|Ammonite]] group
| lower_gssp_candidates = Río Argos, Caravaca de la Cruz, Murcia Province, {{wipe|Spain}}
| upper_boundary_def = Not formally defined
| upper_def_candidates = 
* Base of magnetic polarity [[Physics:Chronozone|chronozone]] M0r.
* Near FAD of the Ammonite ''[[Biology:Paradeshayesites|Paradeshayesites oglanlensis]]''
| upper_gssp_candidates = Gorgo a Cerbara, Piobbico, Central Apennines, Italy
<!--Atmospheric and Climatic Data-->
| o2 =
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}}

The '''Barremian''' is an [[Earth:Age (geology)|age]] in the geologic timescale (or a [[Earth:Chronostratigraphy|chronostratigraphic]] [[Physics:Stage (stratigraphy)|stage]]) between 125.77 Ma (million years ago) and 121.4 ± 1.0 Ma<ref>Cohen, K.M., Finney, S.C., Gibbard, P.L. & Fan, J.-X. (2013; updated) [https://stratigraphy.org/ICSchart/ChronostratChart2023-04.pdf The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart]. Episodes 36: 199-204.</ref> (Historically, this stage was placed at 129.4 million to approximately 125 million years ago<ref>{{cite web |date=March 2020 |title=ICS-Geological Timescale |url=https://stratigraphy.org/ICSchart/ChronostratChart2020-03.pdf |access-date=29 June 2023 |website=stratigraphy.or}}</ref>) It is a subdivision of the [[Earth:Early Cretaceous|Early Cretaceous]] [[Earth:Epoch (geology)|Epoch]] (or [[Earth:Lower Cretaceous|Lower Cretaceous]] [[Earth:Series (stratigraphy)|Series]]). It is preceded by the [[Earth:Hauterivian|Hauterivian]] and followed by the [[Earth:Aptian|Aptian]] Stage.<ref name=geowhen>See Gradstein ''et al.'' (2004) or the online geowhen database (link below)</ref>

==Stratigraphic definitions==
The original [[Earth:Type locality (geology)|type locality]] for the Barremian Stage is in the vicinity of the village of [[Earth:Barrême|Barrême]], Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, {{wipe|France}}. Henri Coquand defined the stage and named it in 1873. 

The base of the Barremian is determined by the first appearance of the [[Biology:Ammonite|ammonite]]s ''[[Biology:Spitidiscus|Spitidiscus hugii]]'' and ''Spitidiscus vandeckii''.  The end of the Barremian is determined by the [[Earth:Geomagnetic reversal|geomagnetic reversal]] at the start of the M0r [[Physics:Chronozone|chronozone]], which is biologically near the first appearance of the ammonite ''[[Biology:Paradeshayesites|Paradeshayesites oglanlensis]]''.

===Regional equivalents===
The Barremian falls in the [[Earth:Gallic epoch|Gallic epoch]], a subdivision of the [[Earth:Cretaceous|Cretaceous]] that is no longer used by the [[Organization:International Commission on Stratigraphy|ICS]]. It overlaps the lower part of the {{ill|Urgonian|pl|Urgon}} stage, which is sometimes used in western European stratigraphy. In [[Earth:North America|North America]], the late Coahulian and the early Comanchean correspond to the Barremian. In [[Earth:New Zealand|New Zealand]], it falls within the Mokoiwian, and in {{wipe|Japan}} it corresponds to the late Aritan.<ref name = geowhen />

===Subdivision===
The Barremian is often subdivided into two substages or subages, Lower/Early and Upper/Late Barremian.

In the [[Earth:Tethys Ocean|Tethys domain]], the Barremian stage contains eleven ammonite [[Earth:Biozone|biozone]]s:
* zone of ''[[Biology:Pseudocrioceras|Pseudocrioceras waagenoides]]''
* zone of ''Colchidites sarasini''
* zone of ''Imerites giraudi''
* zone of ''[[Biology:Hemihoplites|Hemihoplites feraudianus]]''
* zone of ''[[Biology:Gerhardtia|Gerhardtia sertousi]]''
* zone of ''[[Biology:Ancyloceras|Ancyloceras vandenheckii]]''
* zone of ''Coronites darsi''
* zone of ''Kotetishvilia compressissima''
* zone of ''Nicklesia pulchella''
* zone of ''Nicklesia nicklesi''
* zone of ''Spitidiscus hugii''

== References ==

===Notes===
{{reflist}}

===Literature===
* {{aut|Cossmann, M. & Pelat, E.}} (1907): Le Barrémien supérieur à faciès Urgonien de Brouzet-lès-Alais (Gard). ''Mémoires de la Société Géologique de France, Paléontologie'' '''15'''(37): 5-42. {{in lang|fr}}
*{{aut|Gradstein, F.M.; Ogg, J.G. & Smith, A.G.}}; (2004): A Geologic Time Scale 2004, {{wipe|Cambridge University Press}}.
* {{aut|Guzhikov, A.Yu. & Baraboshkin, E.J.}} (2006): Assessment of diachronism of biostratigraphic boundaries by magnetochronological calibration of zonal scales for the Lower Cretaceous of the Tethyan and Boreal belts. ''Doklady Earth Sciences'' '''409'''(6): 843-846. <small>{{doi|10.1134/S1028334X06060018}}</small>

== External links ==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100822025941/http://www.stratigraphy.org/bak/geowhen/stages/Barremian.html GeoWhen Database - Barremian]
*[http://stratigraphy.science.purdue.edu/charts/Timeslices/4_Mid-Cret.pdf Mid-Cretaceous timescale], at the website of the subcommission for stratigraphic information of the ICS
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060518101714/http://norges.uio.no/timescale/Fig18.1_Cret_colC.pdf Stratigraphic chart of the Lower Cretaceous], at the website of Norges Network of offshore records of geology and stratigraphy


[[Category:Barremian| ]]
[[Category:Early Cretaceous|*04]]
[[Category:Cretaceous geochronology]]

{{Sourceattribution|Barremian}}