View source for Chemistry:Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)platinum(0)

{{chembox
| verifiedrevid = 408887620
| Name = Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine){{shy}}platinum(0)
| ImageFile = Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)platinum(0)-3D-sticks.png
| ImageSize = 180px
| ImageName = 3D model of the tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)platinum(0) molecule
| IUPACName = Tetrakis(triphenylphosphane)platinum(0)
| OtherNames = Tetrakis(triphenylphosphane)platinum(0)<br /> TPP platinum(0)
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
| CASNo = 14221-02-4
| ChemSpiderID = 10152943
| EC_number = 238-087-4
| PubChem = 11979705	
| RTECS = 
| StdInChI=1S/4C18H15P.Pt/c4*1-4-10-16(11-5-1)19(17-12-6-2-7-13-17)18-14-8-3-9-15-18;/h4*1-15H;
| StdInChIKey = SYKXNRFLNZUGAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| SMILES = c0ccccc0[P+](c0ccccc0)(c0ccccc0)[Pt-4]([P+](c0ccccc0)(c0ccccc0)c0ccccc0)([P+](c0ccccc0)(c0ccccc0)c0ccccc0)[P+](c0ccccc0)(c0ccccc0)c0ccccc0
  }}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| C = 72 | H = 60 | P = 4 | Pt = 1
| Appearance = yellow crystals
| Density = 
| Solubility = Insoluble
| MeltingPtC = 160
  }}
|Section3={{Chembox Structure
| MolShape = tetrahedral
| Coordination = four [[Chemistry:Triphenylphosphine|triphenylphosphine]] unidentate<br /> [[Chemistry:Ligand|ligand]]s attached to a central [[Chemistry:Platinum|Pt]](0)<br /> atom in a tetrahedral geometry
| CrystalStruct = 
| Dipole = 0 [[Debye|D]]
  }}
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalSDS = [http://newsearchch.chemexper.com/cheminfo/servlet/org.dbcreator.MainServlet?action=PowerSearch&query=msds._msdsID%3D20520&sort=&target=msds&from=0&realQuery=entry._structureID%3D2811645&searchTemplate=rn.value%3D%3F+elsor+entry.catalogID%3D%3F+elsor+iupac.value%3D%3F+elsor+mf.value%3D%3F+elsor+%28iupac.value%3D%7E%3F+or+catalog.description%3D%7E%3F%29&searchValue=tetrakis%28triphenylphosphine%29platinum%280%29&forGroupNames=&style=&history=off&options=brandqtyoffer&format=ccd External MSDS]
| MainHazards = PPh<sub>3</sub> is an irritant
| NFPA-H = 2
| NFPA-F = 1
| NFPA-R =
| GHS_ref=<ref>{{cite web |title=C&L Inventory |url=https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/cl-inventory-database/-/discli/details/123977 |website=echa.europa.eu}}</ref>
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS07}}
| GHSSignalWord = Warning
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|302}}
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|}}
  }}
|Section8={{Chembox Related
| OtherFunction_label = [[Chemistry:Complex|complexes]]
| OtherFunction = [[Chemistry:Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0)|Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0)]]<br /> tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)nickel(0)<br /> tris(triphenylphosphine)platinum(0)
| OtherCompounds = [[Chemistry:Triphenylphosphine|triphenylphosphine]]
  }}
}}

'''Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)platinum(0)''' is the [[Chemistry:Chemical compound|chemical compound]] with the [[Chemistry:Chemical formula|formula]] Pt(P(C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>, often abbreviated Pt(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>. The bright yellow compound is used as a precursor to other platinum complexes.<ref>{{cite book | series = [[Chemistry:Inorganic Syntheses|Inorganic Syntheses]] | volume = 28 |author1=Ugo, R. |author2=Cariati, F. |author3=La Monica, G. | title = Tris- and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)platinum(0)| pages = 123–126 | doi = 10.1002/9780470132593.ch33 | year = 1990| isbn = 9780470132593 }}</ref><ref>Safety Data Sheet http://www.alfa.com/content/msds/english/10549.pdf</ref>

==Structure and behavior==
The molecule is tetrahedral, with [[Symmetry group|point group symmetry]] of T<sub>d</sub>, as expected for a four-coordinate metal complex of a metal with the d<sup>10</sup> configuration.<ref>Miessler, Gary L., and Donald A. Tarr. Inorganic Chemistry. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2004.</ref>  Even though this complex follows the 18 electron rule, it dissociates triphenylphosphine in solution to give the 16e<sup>−</sup> derivative containing only three PPh<sub>3</sub> ligands:
:Pt(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>  →  Pt(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> + PPh<sub>3</sub>

==Synthesis and reactions==
The complex is typically prepared in one-pot reaction from potassium tetrachloroplatinate(II).  Reduction of this platinum(II) species with [[Chemistry:Alkaline|alkaline]] [[Chemistry:Ethanol|ethanol]] in the presence of excess triphenylphosphine affords the product as a precipitate.  The reaction occurs in two distinct steps.  In the first step, [[Chemistry:Bis(triphenylphosphine)platinum chloride|PtCl<sub>2</sub>(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]] is generated.  In the second step, this platinum(II) complex is reduced.  The overall synthesis can be summarized as:
:K<sub>2</sub>[PtCl<sub>4</sub>] + 2KOH + 4PPh<sub>3</sub> + C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH →  Pt(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub> + 4KCl + CH<sub>3</sub>CHO + 2H<sub>2</sub>O

Pt(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub> reacts with oxidants to give platinum(II) derivatives:
:Pt(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>  +  Cl<sub>2</sub>  →  ''cis''-PtCl<sub>2</sub>(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>  +  2 PPh<sub>3</sub>
Mineral acids give the corresponding [[Chemistry:Transition metal hydride#Coordination complexes|hydride complexes]]:
:Pt(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>  +  HCl  →  ''trans''-PtCl(H)(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>  +  2 PPh<sub>3</sub>

The reaction with [[Chemistry:Oxygen|oxygen]] affords a dioxygen complex:
:Pt(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>  +  O<sub>2</sub>  →  Pt(η<sup>2</sup>-O<sub>2</sub>)(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>  +  2 PPh<sub>3</sub>
This complex is a precursor to the [[Chemistry:Ethylene|ethylene]] complex
:Pt(η<sup>2</sup>-O<sub>2</sub>)(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>  +  C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>  →  Pt(η<sup>2</sup>-C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>)(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>   +  "NaBH<sub>2</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>"

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Platinum compounds}}

[[Category:Platinum compounds]]
[[Category:Catalysts]]
[[Category:Homogeneous catalysis]]
[[Category:Triphenylphosphine complexes]]
[[Category:Coordination complexes]]

{{Sourceattribution|Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)platinum(0)}}