View source for Chemistry:Plutonium(IV) nitrate

{{Chembox
| ImageFile = Plutonium(IV) nitrate.png
| ImageSize = 150px
| ImageAlt = 
| PIN = 
| OtherNames = Plutonium tetranitrate
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 13823-27-3
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo1 = 53745-09-8
| CASNo1_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo1_Comment = (<sup>238</sup>Pu)
| CASNo2 = 13968-56-4 
| CASNo2_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| index2_label = (<sup>239</sup>Pu)
| CASNo3 = 55252-44-3
| CASNo3_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo3_Comment = (hydrates)
| CASNo4 = 159472-02-3
| CASNo4_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| index4_label = (trihydrate)
| CASNo5 = 61204-24-8
| CASNo5_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| index5_label = (pentahydrate)
| ChemSpiderID = 
| DTXSID = 
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|changed|FDA}}
| UNII = 
|  EINECS = 
|  PubChem2 = 150308
|  PubChem5 = 129762960
|  SMILES = [N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[Pu+4]
|  SMILES5 = [N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].O.O.O.O.O.[Pu+4]
|  StdInChI = 1S/4NO3.Pu/c4*2-1(3)4;/q4*-1;+4
|  StdInChIKey = XOQIPTFXWRJKPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| InChI4=1S/4NO3.5H2O.Pu/c4*2-1(3)4;;;;;;/h;;;;5*1H2;/q4*-1;;;;;;+4
| InChIKey4=OHJOWNGCXJSPGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
 }}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula =  
| MolarMass = 492.02
| Appearance = Dark green crystals (hydrates)
| Density = 
| MeltingPtC = 
| BoilingPtC = 
| Solubility = Soluble}}
|Section3={{Chembox Hazards
| MainHazards = Extremely toxic(T+) and radioactive; carcinogen
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS06}} {{GHS09}} {{GHS07}} {{GHS08}}
| GHSSignalWord = Warning
| HPhrases =
| PPhrases = 
|NFPA-H= 4
|NFPA-F= 2
|NFPA-R= 0
|NFPA-S= RA
| FlashPtC = 
| AutoignitionPt = }}
|Section6={{Chembox Related
| OtherCompounds = [[Chemistry:Neptunium(IV) nitrate|Neptunium(IV) nitrate]]
}}
}}
'''Plutonium (IV) nitrate''' is an [[Chemistry:Inorganic compound|inorganic compound]], a salt of [[Chemistry:Plutonium|plutonium]] and [[Chemistry:Nitric acid|nitric acid]] with the chemical formula Pu(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>. The compound dissolves in water and forms crystalline hydrates as dark green crystals.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Allen |first1=P. G. |last2=Veirs |first2=D. K. |last3=Conradson |first3=S. D. |last4=Smith |first4=C. A. |last5=Marsh |first5=S. F. |title=Characterization of Aqueous Plutonium(IV) Nitrate Complexes by Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy |journal=Inorganic Chemistry |date=January 1996 |volume=35 |issue=10 |pages=2841–2845 |doi=10.1021/ic9511231 |access-date=16 August 2021| url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic9511231}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kubic |first1=William |last2=Jackson |first2=J. |title=A thermodynamic model of plutonium (IV) nitrate solutions |journal=[[Chemistry:Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry|Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry]] |date=9 March 2012 |volume=293 |issue=2 |pages=601–612 |doi=10.1007/s10967-012-1703-4 |s2cid=94704456 |url=https://akjournals.com/view/journals/10967/293/2/article-p601.xml |access-date=16 August 2021 |issn=1588-2780}}</ref>

==Synthesis==
Crystals of dark green to black-green composition Pu(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>•5H<sub>2</sub>O precipitate with a slow (months) evaporation of a solution of a plutonium (IV) compound in nitric acid.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Baroncelli |first1=F. |last2=Scibona |first2=G. |last3=Zifferero |first3=M. |title=The extraction of Pu(IV) nitrate by long chain tertiary amines nitrates |journal=Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry |date=1 November 1962 |volume=24 |issue=5 |pages=541–546 |doi=10.1016/0022-1902(62)80241-3 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0022190262802413 |access-date=16 August 2021 |language=en |issn=0022-1902}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nakahara |first1=Masaumi |last2=Kaji |first2=Naoya |last3=Yano |first3=Kimihiko |last4=Shibata |first4=Atsuhiro |last5=Takeuchi |first5=Masayuki |last6=Okano |first6=Masanori |last7=Kuno |first7=Takehiko |title=Nitric Acid Concentration Dependence of Dicesium Plutonium(IV) Nitrate Formation during Solution Growth of Uranyl Nitrate Hexahydrate |url=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jcej/advpub/0/advpub_12we175/_pdf |journal=Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan |access-date=16 August 2021 |pages=56–62 |doi=10.1252/jcej.12we175 |date=2013|volume=46 }}</ref>

==Physical properties==
Plutonium (IV) nitrate forms a crystalline hydrate of the composition Pu(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>•5H<sub>2</sub>O—dark green crystals of rhombic crystal structure, space group ''F dd2'', cell parameters: a = 1.114 nm, b = 2.258 nm, c = 1.051 nm, Z = 8.

Crystalline hydrate melts in its own crystallization water at 95–100 °C.

It dissolves well in nitric acid (dark green solution) and water (brown solution). Also dissolves in [[Chemistry:Acetone|acetone]] and [[Chemistry:Ether|ether]].

==Chemical properties==
When heated to 150–180 °C, it decomposes with autooxidation to plutonium (VI) with the formation of plutonyl nitrate (PuO<sub>2</sub>(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>).
Upon evaporation of concentrated nitric acid solutions of plutonium nitrate and alkali metal nitrates, double nitrates of the composition Me<sub>2</sub>[Pu(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub>] are formed, where Me = Cs<sup>+</sup>, Rb<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Tl<sup>+</sup>, NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, analogous to [[Chemistry:Ceric ammonium nitrate|ceric ammonium nitrate]].

==Toxicity==
Plutonium nitrate is both radioactive and extremely toxic due to its high solubility in water.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Plutonium compounds}}
{{Nitrates}}

[[Category:Nitrates]]

{{Sourceattribution|Plutonium(IV) nitrate}}