View source for Biology:Oryza barthii

{{Short description|Species of grass}}
{{speciesbox
|image =
|status = LC
|status_system = IUCN3.1
|status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{cite iucn |author= Phillips, J. |author2= Yang, L. |author3= Mani, S. |author4= Vaughan, D. |date=2017 |title= ''Oryza barthii'' |volume=2017 |page= e.T177184A1471268 |doi= 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T177184A1471268.en |access-date=10 December 2022}}</ref>
|genus = Oryza
|species = barthii
|authority = A.Chev.
|synonyms =
* ''Oryza breviligulata'' A.Chev. & Roehr. nom. illeg.
* ''Oryza glaberrima'' subsp. ''barthii'' (A.Chev.) De Wet
* ''Oryza mezii'' Prodoehl
* ''Oryza perennis'' subsp. ''barthii'' (A.Chev.) A.Chev.
* ''Oryza stapfii'' Roshev.
|synonyms_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-426604|title=The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species}}</ref>
|range_map = Oryza barthii distribution.svg
|range_map_caption = The range of ''Oryza barthii''.
}}

'''''Oryza barthii''''', also called '''Barth's rice''',<ref>{{PLANTS|id=ORBA6|taxon=Oryza barthii|accessdate=25 July 2015}}</ref> '''wild rice''',<ref>{{GRIN | accessdate = 16 January 2018}}</ref> or '''African wild rice''',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=65489|title=NCBI Taxonomy}}</ref> is a grass in the [[Biology:Rice|rice]] genus ''[[Biology:Oryza|Oryza]]''. It is an annual, erect to semierect grass. It has leaves with a short [[Biology:Ligule|ligule]] (<{{convert|13|mm|frac=128}}), and panicles that are compact to open, rarely having secondary branching. The inflorescence structure are large spikelets, {{convert|7.7-12.3|mm|frac=256}} long and {{convert|2.3-3.5|mm|frac=256}} wide, with strong awns (up to {{convert|20|cm|0}} long), usually red. The inflorescences have anthers {{convert|1.5–3|mm|frac=256}} long.

This wild rice grows in sub-Saharan Africa, and is found in [[Biology:Mopane|mopane]] or savanna woodland, [[Earth:Savanna|savanna]] or fadama. ''O. barthii'' grows in deep water, seasonally flooded land, stagnant water, and slowly flowing water or pools; it prefers [[Earth:Clay|clay]] or black cotton soils ([[Earth:Vertisol|vertisol]]), and is found in open habitats.<ref>Rice Knowledge Bank, Wild Rice Taxonomic information, accessed 12.18.2007. [http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/wildRiceTaxonomy/barthii/Oryza_barthii.htm] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070313132631/http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/wildRiceTaxonomy/barthii/Oryza_barthii.htm |date=March 13, 2007 }}</ref> It is the progenitor of cultivated ''[[Biology:Oryza glaberrima|Oryza glaberrima]]'', African rice.<ref>Linares 2002, [http://www.pnas.org/content/99/25/16360.full African rice (''Oryza glaberrima''): History and future potential] PNAS 99:16360-16365.</ref><ref name="Chen-Huang-et-al-2019" />

It has [[Biology:Root nodule|nodal roots]] hosting nitrogen fixing, photosynthetic strains of ''[[Biology:Bradyrhizobium|Bradyrhizobium]]''.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Chaintreuil |first1=Clémence |last2=Giraud |first2=Eric |last3=Prin |first3=Yves |last4=Lorquin |first4=Jean |last5=Bâ |first5=Amadou |last6=Gillis |first6=Monique |last7=de Lajudie |first7=Philippe |last8=Dreyfus |first8=Bernard |date=December 2000 |title=Photosynthetic ''Bradyrhizobia'' Are Natural Endophytes of the African Wild Rice ''Oryza breviligulata'' |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/12229861 |journal=Applied and Environmental Microbiology |volume=66 |issue=12 |pages=5437–5447 |doi=10.1128/AEM.66.12.5437-5447.2000 |pmid=11097925 |pmc=92479 |access-date=7 May 2021|doi-access=free }}</ref>

The sequenced genome of ''O. barthii'' was published in 2014.<ref>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Zhang | first1 = QJ. | last2 = Zhu | first2 = T. | last3 = Xia | first3 = EH. | last4 = Shi | first4 = C. | last5 = Liu | first5 = YL. | last6 = Zhang | first6 = Y. | last7 = Liu | first7 = Y. | last8 = Jiang | first8 = WK. | last9 = Zhao | first9 = YJ. | last10 = Mao | first10 = Shu-Yan | last11 = Zhang | first11 = Li-Ping | last12 = Huang | first12 = Hui | last13 = Jiao | first13 = Jun-Ying | last14 = Xu | first14 = Ping-Zhen | last15 = Yao | first15 = Qiu-Yang | last16 = Zeng | first16 = Fan-Chun | last17 = Yang | first17 = Li-Li | last18 = Gao | first18 = Ju | last19 = Tao | first19 = Da-Yun | last20 = Wang | first20 = Yue-Ju | last21 = Bennetzen | first21 = Jeffrey L. | last22 = Gao | first22 = Li-Zhi | title = Rapid diversification of five ''Oryza'' AA genomes associated with rice adaptation | journal = Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A | volume = 111 | issue = 46 | pages = E4954–E4962 | date=Nov 2014 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.1418307111 | pmid = 25368197 | display-authors = 8 | pmc=4246335| doi-access = free }}</ref> This species is one of the AA species, the domesticated rices and [[Biology:Crop wild relative|their wild relatives]].<ref name="Chen-Huang-et-al-2019" />

==Distribution==
''O. barthii'' is primarily found in [[Place:West Africa|West Africa]].<ref name="Chen-Huang-et-al-2019">{{cite journal | last1=Chen | first1=Erwang | last2=Huang | first2=Xuehui | last3=Tian | first3=Zhixi | last4=Wing | first4=Rod A. | last5=Han | first5=Bin | title=The Genomics of ''Oryza'' Species Provides Insights into Rice Domestication and Heterosis | journal=[[Biology:Annual Review of Plant Biology|Annual Review of Plant Biology]] | publisher=Annual Reviews | volume=70 | issue=1 | date=2019-04-29 | issn=1543-5008 | doi=10.1146/annurev-arplant-050718-100320 | pages=639–665}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Taxonbar|from=Q15296109}}
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[[Category:Oryza|barthii]]
[[Category:Cereals]]



{{Sourceattribution|Oryza barthii}}