View source for Biology:Long-tailed manakin

{{Short description|Species of bird}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = Long-tailed manakin
| image = Flickr - Rainbirder - Long-tailed Manakin (Chiroxiphia linearis).jpg
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=''Chiroxiphia linearis'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T22701071A93811473 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22701071A93811473.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref>
| genus = Chiroxiphia
| species = linearis
| authority = (Bonaparte, 1838)
| synonyms =
| range_map = Chiroxiphia linearis map.svg
}}

The '''long-tailed manakin''' ('''''Chiroxiphia linearis''''') is a species of [[Biology:Bird|bird]] in the family [[Biology:Pipridae|Pipridae]] native to Central America where it inhabits both wet and dry tropical and subtropical forests. It is a small, plump bird about {{convert|10|cm|in|0}} long. Males have black plumage with a blue back and a red crown, and the two central tail feathers are greatly elongated. Females and juveniles are olive-green with paler underparts. At breeding time, males are involved in a cooperative [[Biology:Lek mating|lekking]] behaviour with a complex coordinated courtship dance. This is a fairly common species with a wide range, and the [[Organization:International Union for Conservation of Nature|International Union for Conservation of Nature]] has rated its conservation status as being of "[[Biology:Least-concern species|least concern]]".

==Description==
Large for a [[Biology:Manakin|manakin]], the long-tailed measures about {{convert|10|cm|in|abbr=on}} long and weighs {{convert|18|g|oz|abbr=on}}.<ref name=NeoBirds/>

The male is mostly a rich black. This is contrasted by a bright red crown and legs. The back is bright blue. The two central tail feathers are narrow and greatly elongated. The female is olive green, paler below and on the chin and throat. Some females have a small amount of red in the crown.<ref name=NeoBirds/>

It closely resembles the [[Biology:Lance-tailed manakin|lance-tailed manakin (''C. lanceolata'')]], the [[Biology:Blue-backed manakin|blue-backed manakin (''C. pareola'')]], the swallow-tailed manakin (''C. caudata''), and the [[Biology:Yungas manakin|Yungas manakin (''C. boliviana'')]], which all have the same red crown and blue back. There is, however, no overlap in range with these four species.<ref name=NeoBirds/>

==Distribution and habitat==
The long-tailed manakin is found in Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, and Nicaragua. Its natural [[Earth:Habitat|habitat]]s are subtropical or tropical dry forest, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, and heavily degraded former forest.

==Ecology==
The manakin species are very interesting in their family life. Long-tailed manakin males form a long-term partnership duo or trio. Together they sing in synchrony and, for any female who is attracted by their singing, perform a complex coordinated courtship dance. If she mates, only the alpha male inseminates her. Among many displaying male partnerships in a locality (a dispersed lek), only one or a very few males may account for the vast majority of matings in a given breeding season. As in other lekking species, the female then builds the nest and raises the young without involvement by males.<ref name=Monteverde/>

==Status==
This bird has a very wide range, is fairly common and is presumed to have a large total population. The population trend is thought to be stable and the [[Organization:International Union for Conservation of Nature|International Union for Conservation of Nature]] has rated the bird's conservation status as being of "[[Biology:Least-concern species|least concern]]".<ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021" />

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
* <ref name=NeoBirds>{{cite web |url=http://neotropical.birds.cornell.edu/portal/species/overview?p_p_spp=503116 |title=Long-tailed Manakin (''Chiroxiphia linearis'') |last1=Kanaski |first1=Alina |last2=Stuligross |first2=Clara |last3=Pareja |first3=Jose |last4=Tori |first4=Wendy |editor-last=Schulenberg |editor-first=T.S. |date=2012  |work=Neotropical Birds Online |location=Ithaca |publisher=Cornell Lab of Ornithology |access-date=14 August 2014}}</ref>
* <ref name=Monteverde>{{cite book |title=Monteverde: Ecology And Conservation Of A Tropical Cloud Forest |editor1-last=Nadkarni |editor1-first=Nalini M. |editor2-last=Wheelwright |editor2-first=Nathaniel T. |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford; New York |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-19-509560-9 |last=McDonald |first=David B. |contribution=Cooperation Between Male Long-tailed Manakins |pages=204–205}}</ref>
}}

==External links==
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7891243.stm BBC article and video of males cooperating in courtship]
* [http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Chiroxiphia_linearis/ Long-tailed manakin profile at Animal Diversity Web]
* {{InternetBirdCollection|long-tailed-manakin-chiroxiphia-linearis|Long-tailed manakin}}
* {{VIREO|Long-tailed+manakin}}
* [http://www.gaianicaragua.org/chiroxiphialinearis.html Long-tailed Manakin in Laguna de Apoyo Nature Reserve, Nicaragua]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q942728}}

[[Category:Chiroxiphia|long-tailed manakin]]

{{Sourceattribution|Long-tailed manakin}}