View source for Biology:Larinioides cornutus

{{Short description|Species of spider}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Larinioides-cornutus-220505-1.jpg
| taxon = Larinioides cornutus
| authority = (Clerck, [[Biology:Svenska Spindlar|1757]])
| range_map = Distribution.larinioides.cornutus.1.png
| synonyms ={{Plain list|
* ''Aranea apoclisa''
* ''Aranea foliata''
* ''Aranea frondosa''
* ''Aranea leuwenhoekii''
* ''Araneus cornutus''
* ''Cyphepeira cornuta''
* ''Epeica apoclisa''
* ''Epeira affinis''
* ''Epeira apoclysa''
* ''Epeira arundinacea''
* ''Epeira cornuta''
* ''Epeira foliata''
* ''Epeira foliosa''
* ''Epeira lyrata''
* ''Epeira marmorata''
* ''Epeira strix''
* ''Epeira tectorum''
* ''Epeira tricolor''
* ''Epeira vicaria''
* ''Larinioides cornuta''
* ''Nuctenea cornuta''
}}
}}

[[File:North American Furrow Orb Weaver.jpg|thumb|left|Furrow Orb Weaver found in Northern Kentucky]]

'''''Larinioides cornutus''''', the '''furrow spider''',<ref name=NW>Weber, Larry (2003). ''Spiders of the North Woods''. Duluth, MN: Kollath+Stensaas Publ. pp. 88–89.</ref> '''furrow orb spider''', or '''foliate spider'''<ref>[http://www.cirrusimage.com/spider_orbweaver_L_cornutus.htm Furrow Orb Weaver Spider – ''Larinioides cornutus''], North American Insects & Spiders.</ref> is an [[Biology:Orb-weaver spider|orb-weaver spider]] with [[Biology:Holarctic|Holarctic]] distribution.

== Physical description ==
Females reach a body length of about 6–14&nbsp;mm, males up to 5–9&nbsp;mm. Leg spans range from 18 to 35&nbsp;mm.<ref name=NW/>

These spiders can be identified by their large, oval-shaped, bulbous abdomens. Colors can range from black, grey, and shades of red. The carapace on their abdomen almost always has a lighter shaded arrow pointing toward their cephalothorax, while the legs also have a similar arrow pattern.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gracely|first=John|title=Larinioides cornutus|url=https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Larinioides_cornutus/|access-date=2020-12-01|website=Animal Diversity Web|language=en}}</ref>

Their eye structure consists of a horizontal row of 6 eyes, with an additional pair above the center of the row. A common misconception is that spiders cannot hear, due to their lack of ears of other common structures. However, these animals do have the ability to sense sound due to macrosetate and filiform hairs on their legs.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bennett|first=Jim|date=September 2007|title=Book Review|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1639/0747-9859-24.3.91|journal=Evansia|volume=24|issue=3|pages=91–92|doi=10.1639/0747-9859-24.3.91|s2cid=127309047 |issn=0747-9859}}</ref>

== Habitat ==
These spiders are most often found in moist areas, especially near water.  The web is built between grass or in low shrubbery. They hide during the day in a silken retreat that opens at the bottom, masked with plant and animal matter and leave it during the night. The web is remade in the evening.<ref name="BellmannSpinnen">Bellmann, H. (1997). Kosmos-Atlas Spinnentiere Europas. ''Kosmos''.</ref> Unlike many other species of animal and spider, the cornutus does not hibernate in winter, and instead has an annual cycle of seasonal resistance. While their [[Physics:Supercooling|supercooling]] point in summer is −8&nbsp;°C, in winter it drops to −20&nbsp;°C.<ref>{{Citation|title=Larinioides|date=2017-12-31|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400885060-050|work=Britain's Spiders|pages=183–185|publisher=Princeton University Press|doi=10.1515/9781400885060-050 |isbn=978-1-4008-8506-0|access-date=2020-12-01}}</ref>

== Reproduction ==
Like mating in many other spiders, the females create a silk cocoon for copulation. The females reside in the cocoon, and emit pheromones to lure males, who can sense them through [[Biology:Chemoreceptor|chemoreceptor]]s. The males insert sperm using their pedipalps, and fertilize the eggs of the female. These become yellow egg sacs. Like many other types of spiders, males typically die after mating, oftentimes by being eaten by the female. This evolutionary trait of spiders still remains partially unknown. {{clear left}}

The male lives with the female during mating time, which is in autumn and again in spring. The female produces three to five yellow egg sacs during the summer.<ref name="BellmannSpinnen"/> 

There is possibly a distinct species ''L. folium'', which is very similar but occurs in dry habitat.<ref name="BellmannSpinnen"/>

[[File:Larinioides cornutus.ogv|thumb|left|''Larinioides cornutus'' with prey]]
{{clear left}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1302181}}

[[Category:Araneidae]]



{{Sourceattribution|Larinioides cornutus}}