View source for Biology:Helicoidea

{{Short description|Superfamily of gastropods}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Helix pomatia 89a.jpg
| image_caption = ''Helix pomatia'', the Roman snail
| taxon = Helicoidea
| authority = [[Biography:Constantine Samuel Rafinesque|Rafinesque]], 1815
| subdivision_ranks = Famillies
| subdivision = See text.
}}
'''Helicoidea''' is a [[Biology:Taxonomy|taxonomic]] [[Biology:Taxonomic rank|superfamily]] of air-breathing [[Biology:Land snail|land snail]]s, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the [[Biology:Clade|clade]] [[Biology:Stylommatophora|Stylommatophora]].

==Taxonomy==

=== 2017 taxonomy and latest developments<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Bouchet |first1=Philippe |last2=Rocroi |first2=Jean-Pierre |last3=Hausdorf |first3=Bernhard |last4=Kaim |first4=Andrzej |last5=Kano |first5=Yasunori |last6=Nützel |first6=Alexander |last7=Parkhaev |first7=Pavel |last8=Schrödl |first8=Michael |last9=Strong |first9=Ellen E. |date=2017 |title=Revised Classification, Nomenclator and Typification of Gastropod and Monoplacophoran Families |url=http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.4002/040.061.0201 |journal=Malacologia |language=en |volume=61 |issue=1–2 |pages=1–526 |doi=10.4002/040.061.0201 |issn=0076-2997}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sei |first1=Makiri |last2=Robinson |first2=David G |last3=Geneva |first3=Anthony J |last4=Rosenberg |first4=Gary |date=2017-11-23 |title=Doubled helix: Sagdoidea is the overlooked sister group of Helicoidea (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata) |url=http://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article/122/4/697/4210279 |journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society |language=en |volume=122 |issue=4 |pages=697–728 |doi=10.1093/biolinnean/blx082 |issn=0024-4066|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=2019-03-29 |title=A New Species of the Genus Bunnya H. B. Baker, 1942 (Helicoidea) from MÉXico |url=https://bioone.org/journals/malacologia/volume-62/issue-2/040.062.0204/A-New-Species-of-the-Genus-Bunnya-H-B-Baker/10.4002/040.062.0204.full |journal=Malacologia |volume=62 |issue=2 |pages=237 |doi=10.4002/040.062.0204 |issn=0076-2997}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Saadi |first1=Ahmed J. |last2=Wade |first2=Christopher M. |date=2019 |title=Resolving the basal divisions in the stylommatophoran land snails and slugs with special emphasis on the position of the Scolodontidae |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1055790319301939 |journal=[[Biology:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution]] |language=en |volume=139 |pages=106529 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106529}}</ref> ===
The Bouchet et al. 2017<ref name=":0" /> nomenclator provides an up to date system of Helicoidea. The system is in some parts preliminary, as the authors relied on unpublished (as of 2023) [[Biology:Phylogenomics|phylogenomic]] study, which did not include all [[Earth:New World|New World]] taxa. They classified Epiphragmophoridae, Helminthoglyptidae, Humboldtianidae, Monadeniidae and Xanthonychidae (provisionally also Lysinoidae and Echinichidae) as subfamilies of the last [[Biology:Taxon|taxon]], because there are no deep splits between them in the cited unpublished study (see also Koene & Schulenburg 2005<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Koene |first1=Joris M |last2=Schulenburg |first2=Hinrich |date=2005 |title=Shooting darts: co-evolution and counter-adaptation in hermaphroditic snails |journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=25 |doi=10.1186/1471-2148-5-25 |pmc=1080126 |pmid=15799778 |doi-access=free }}</ref>).

Cepolidae, Labyrinthidae and Thysanophoridae constitute the [[Biology:Sister group|sister group]] of the remaining Helicoidea.<ref name=":0" />
* Cepolidae Ihering, 1909
* [[Biology:Labyrinthidae|Labyrinthidae]] Borrero, Sei, Robinson & Rosenberg, 2017
* [[Biology:Thysanophoridae|Thysanophoridae]] Pilsbry, 1926
* [[Biology:Camaenidae|Camaenidae]] Pilsbry, 1895
* [[Biology:Polygyridae|Polygyridae]] Pilsbry, 1895
* [[Biology:Helicidae|Helicidae]] Rafinesque, 1815
* [[Biology:Elonidae|Elonidae]] Gittenberger, 1977
* [[Biology:Trissexodontidae|Trissexodontidae]] H. Nordsieck, 1987
* [[Biology:Helicodontidae|Helicodontidae]] Kobelt, 1904
* [[Biology:Sphincterochilidae|Sphincterochilidae]] Zilch, 1960
* [[Biology:Geomitridae|Geomitridae]] C. Boettger, 1909
* [[Biology:Canariellidae|Canariellidae]] Schileyko, 1991
* [[Biology:Hygromiidae|Hygromiidae]] Tryon, 1866
* [[Biology:Pleurodontidae|Pleurodontidae]] Ihering, 1912
* [[Biology:Trichodiscina|Trichodiscinidae]] H. Nordsieck, 1987
* [[Biology:Xanthonychidae|Xanthonychidae]] Strebel & Pfeffer, 1879
** [[Biology:Echinix|Echinichinae]] F. G. Thompson & Naranjo-Garcia, 2012
** Lysinoinae Hoffmann, 1928
** [[Biology:Monadeniinae|Monadeniinae]] H. Nordsieck, 1987
** [[Biology:Humboldtianinae|Humboldtianinae]] Pilsbry, 1939
** [[Biology:Helminthoglyptinae|Helminthoglyptinae]] Pilsbry, 1939
** [[Biology:Epiphragmophorinae|Epiphragmophorinae]] Hoffmann, 1928
** Xanthonychinae Strebel & Pfeffer, 1879

===2015 taxonomy===
Razkin ''et al''. (2015)<ref>Razkin O., Gómez-Moliner B. J., Prieto C. E., Martínez-Ortí A., Arrébola J. R., Chueca L. J. & Madeira M. J. (2015). "Molecular phylogeny of the western Palearctic Helicoidea (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora)". ''[[Biology:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution]]'' '''83''': 99–117. {{doi|10.1016/j.ympev.2014.11.014}}.</ref> reorganized classification into monophyletic taxa according to the molecular phylogeny. This study is focus on [[Biology:Palearctic realm|Western Palaearctic]] species. The Hygromiidae ''s.l.'' family was divided into three families, [[Biology:Canariellidae|Canariellidae]], [[Biology:Geomitridae|Geomitridae]] and [[Biology:Hygromiidae|Hygromiidae]]. Moreover, the family [[Biology:Cochlicellidae|Cochlicellidae]] was including within the [[Biology:Geomitridae|Geomitridae]] family as a tribe (Cochlicellini).

The classification proposed for Western Palaearctic Helicoidea is as follows:
* [[Biology:Bradybaeninae|Bradybaeninae]], subfamily of Camaenidae
* [[Biology:Camaenidae|Camaenidae]]
* [[Biology:Canariellidae|Canariellidae]]
* [[Biology:Elonidae|Elonidae]]
* [[Biology:Geomitridae|Geomitridae]]
** Geomitrinae
*** Cochlicellini
*** Geomitrini
*** Plentuisini
*** Ponentinini
** Helicellinae
*** Cernuellini
*** Helicellini
*** Trochoideini
* [[Biology:Helicodontidae|Helicodontidae]]
* [[Biology:Helicidae|Helicidae]]
** Ariantinae
** Helicinae
*** Allognathini
*** Helicini
*** Otalini
*** Thebini
** Murellinae
* [[Biology:Humboldtianidae|Humboldtianidae]]
* [[Biology:Hygromiidae|Hygromiidae]]
** Ciliellinae
** Hygromiinae
** Leptaxinae
* [[Biology:Sphincterochilidae|Sphincterochilidae]]
* [[Biology:Trissexodontidae|Trissexodontidae]]
** Gittenbergeriinae
** Trissexodontinae

===2012 taxonomy===
Thompson & Naranjo-García (2012) described a new family Echinichidae and placed it to the superfamily [[Biology:Xanthonychoidea|Xanthonychoidea]].<ref name="Thompson 2012">Thompson F. G. & Naranjo-García E. (2012). "Echinichidae, a new family of dart-bearing helicoid slugs from Mexico, with the description of a new genus and three new species (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Xanthonychoidea)". ''Archiv für Molluskenkunde'' '''141'''(2): 197–208. {{doi|10.1127/arch.moll/1869-0963/141/197-208}}. [http://www.schweizerbart.de/resources/downloads/paper_previews/79370.pdf preview].</ref> Therefore, the family [[Biology:Xanthonychidae|Xanthonychidae]] was moved from Helicoidea to Xanthonychoidea.

===2005 taxonomy===
There are 19 families within the superfamily Helicoidea according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005.<ref name="Bouchet 2005">{{Bouchet 2005}}</ref><ref>Poppe G. T. & Tagaro S. P. (2006). "The new classification of Gastropods according to Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005". ''Visaya'', février 2006: 10 pp. [http://www.journal-malaco.fr/bouchet&rocroi_2005_Visaya.pdf PDF] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927101354/http://www.journal-malaco.fr/bouchet%26rocroi_2005_Visaya.pdf|date=27 September 2007}}.</ref>
* [[Biology:Helicidae|Helicidae]]
* [[Biology:Bradybaenidae|Bradybaenidae]]
* [[Biology:Camaenidae|Camaenidae]]
* Cepolidae
* [[Biology:Cochlicellidae|Cochlicellidae]]
* [[Biology:Elonidae|Elonidae]]
* [[Biology:Epiphragmophoridae|Epiphragmophoridae]]
* [[Biology:Halolimnohelicidae|Halolimnohelicidae]]
* [[Biology:Helicodontidae|Helicodontidae]]
* [[Biology:Helminthoglyptidae|Helminthoglyptidae]]
* [[Biology:Humboldtianidae|Humboldtianidae]]
* [[Biology:Hygromiidae|Hygromiidae]]
* [[Biology:Monadeniidae|Monadeniidae]]
* [[Biology:Pleurodontidae|Pleurodontidae]]
* [[Biology:Polygyridae|Polygyridae]]
* [[Biology:Sphincterochilidae|Sphincterochilidae]]
* [[Biology:Thysanophoridae|Thysanophoridae]]
* [[Biology:Trissexodontidae|Trissexodontidae]]
* [[Biology:Xanthonychidae|Xanthonychidae]]

According to H. Nordsieck<ref>[http://www.clausilia.de/media//DIR_64901/04_2006_helicoidea.pdf Higher classification of the Helicoidea and the molecular analyses of their phylogeny (by Hartmut Nordsieck)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151129213842/http://www.clausilia.de/media//DIR_64901/04_2006_helicoidea.pdf|date=29 November 2015}}</ref> the family ''Xanthonychidae'' (sensu Hausdorf & Bouchet) is probably polyphyletic (contains several different lineages) and therefore should be divided into several families.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1628946}}

[[Category:Helicoidea| ]]
[[Category:Stylommatophora]]
[[Category:Helicoidei]]

{{Sourceattribution|Helicoidea}}