View source for Biology:DNA codon table

{{Short description|List of standard rules to translate DNA encoded information into proteins}}
The standard [[Biology:Genetic code|genetic code]] is traditionally represented as an [[Biology:Genetic code#RNA codon table|RNA codon table]] because, when proteins are made in a cell by ribosomes, it is [[Biology:MRNA|mRNA]] that directs protein synthesis. The mRNA sequence is determined by the sequence of genomic [[Biology:DNA|DNA]]. With the rise of [[Biology:Computational biology|computational biology]] and [[Biology:Genomics|genomics]], most genes are now discovered at the DNA level, so a '''DNA codon table''' is becoming increasingly useful.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Genetic Code |date=2014-05-01 |url=http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/C/Codons.html |work=Kimball's Biology Pages |first=John |last=Kimball |access-date=2015-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222053342/http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/C/Codons.html |archive-date=2016-12-22 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In this context, the standard genetic code is referred to as translation table 1.<ref>{{Cite web | title=The Genetic Codes (National Center for Biotechnology Information: NCBI) | last1=Elzanowski | first1=Andrzej | last2=Ostell | first2=Jim | date=7 January 2019 | access-date=21 February 2019 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Utils/wprintgc.cgi}}</ref>

The DNA codons in such tables occur on the [[Biology:Sense (molecular biology)|sense]] DNA strand and are arranged in a [[Biology:Directionality (molecular biology)|5' → 3' direction]]. There is the existence of symmetrical and asymmetrical characteristics in genetic codes.<ref>{{cite journal | title = A new integrated symmetrical table for genetic codes | journal = BioSystems | date = 2017 | first = Jian-Jun | last = Shu | volume = 151 | pages = 21-26 | doi = 10.1016/j.biosystems.2016.11.004 | arxiv = 1703.03787 | pmid = 27887904 }}</ref>

{{Codon table}}

{{Inverse codon table}}

== See also ==
* [[Biology:List of genetic codes|List of genetic codes]]
* [[Biology:RNA|RNA]]
* [[Biology:Genetic code#RNA codon table|RNA codon table]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Gene expression]]
[[Category:Molecular genetics]]
[[Category:Protein biosynthesis]]

{{Sourceattribution|DNA codon table|1}}