View source for Biology:Blue-capped manakin

{{Short description|Species of bird}}
{{speciesbox
| name              = Blue-capped manakin
| image             = Blue-crowned manakin male.png
| image_caption     = Adult male photographed in Manacapuru, Brazil
| image2 = Lepidothrix coronata - Blue-crowned Manakin XC249021.mp3
| image2_caption = call recorded in Ecuador
| status            = LC
| status_system     = IUCN3.1
| status_ref        = <ref name="iucn status 11 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=''Lepidothrix coronata'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T22701012A93809726 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22701012A93809726.en |access-date=11 November 2021}}</ref>
| genus             = Lepidothrix
| species           = coronata
| authority         = ([[Biography:Johann Baptist von Spix|Spix]], 1825)
| range_map         = Lepidothrix coronata map.svg
| synonyms          = ''Pipra coronata'' <small>Spix, 1825</small>
}}

The '''blue-capped manakin''' ('''''Lepidothrix coronata''''') is a species of [[Biology:Bird|bird]] in the family [[Biology:Pipridae|Pipridae]]. The males have a brilliant blue cap; some have black, others have green body plumage, but the relationship between the [[Biology:Subspecies|subspecies]] is not well understood.

It is found in Bolivia, {{wipe|Brazil}}, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Its natural [[Earth:Habitat|habitat]]s are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and heavily degraded former forest.

==Taxonomy==
The blue-capped manakin was [[Biology:Species description|formally described]] in 1825 by the German naturalist [[Biography:Johann Baptist von Spix|Johann Baptist von Spix]] under the binomial name ''Pipra coronata''. The type locality is the state of São Paulo de Olivença in western Brazil.<ref>{{ cite book | last=von Spix | first=Johann Baptist |  year=1825 | title=Avium species novae, quas Brasiliam anus MDCCCXVII - MDCCCXX | volume=2 | language=Latin | place=Monachii [Munich] | publisher=Franc. Seraph. Hübschmanni | page=5, [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41278054 Plate 7 fig. 1] | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41277960 }}</ref><ref>{{ cite book | editor-last=Traylor | editor-first=Melvin A. Jr | author-link=Melvin Alvah Traylor Jr. | year=1979 | title=Check-List of Birds of the World | volume=8 | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology  | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts  | page=273 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14501050 }}</ref> The specific epithet is from [[Social:Latin|Latin]] ''coronatus'' meaning "crowned".<ref>{{cite book | last=Jobling | first=James A. | year=2010| title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher=Christopher Helm | location=London | isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 | page=118 }}</ref> The blue-capped manakin is now the [[Biology:Type species|type species]] of the [[Biology:Genus|genus]] ''[[Biology:Lepidothrix|Lepidothrix]]'' that was introduced by the French naturalist Charles Lucien Bonaparte in 1854.<ref>{{ cite journal | last=Bonaparte | first=Charles Lucien | author-link=Charles Lucien Bonaparte | year=1854 | title=Conspectus Volucrum Anisodactylorum | journal=L'Ateneo Italiano. Raccolta di Documenti e Memorie Relative al Progresso delle Scienze Fisiche | volume=2 | issue=11 | pages=311–321 [316] | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BR1pAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA316 }}<!--scan available from BHL with different pagination https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/101984#/summary --></ref><ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | date=July 2020 | title=Cotingas, manakins, tityras, becards | work=IOC World Bird List Version 10.2 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/cotingas/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=14 December 2020 }}</ref>

Phylogeny based on Ohlson et al. 2013.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Ohlson|first1=Jan I.|last2=Fjeldså|first2=Jon|last3=Ericson|first3=Per G.P.|date=2013|title=Molecular phylogeny of the manakins (Aves: Passeriformes: Pipridae), with a new classification and the description of a new genus|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume=69|issue=3|pages=796–804|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2013.06.024 |pmid=23831559}}</ref>

{{clade | style = font-size: 90%;line-height:80%
  |1={{clade
  |1={{clade
  |1={{clade
  |1={{clade
  |1={{clade
  |1={{clade
  |1=''[[Biology:Ceratopipra|Ceratopipra]]''
  |2=''[[Biology:Dixiphia|Dixiphia]]''
                     }}
  |2=''[[Biology:Machaeropterus|Machaeropterus]]''
                  }}
  |2=''[[Biology:Pipra|Pipra]]''
               }}
  |2=''[[Biology:Manacus|Manacus]]''
            }}
  |2=''[[Biology:Heterocercus|Heterocercus]]''
         }}
  |2={{clade
  |1=''[[Biology:Cryptopipo|Cryptopipo]]''
|label2=''[[Biology:Lepidothrix|Lepidothrix]]''
  |2={{clade
  |1={{clade
  |1=[[Biology:White-fronted manakin|White-fronted manakin]]
  |2=[[Biology:Orange-bellied manakin|Orange-bellied manakin]]
               }}
  |2={{clade
  |1='''Blue-crowned manakin'''
  |2={{clade
  |1={{clade
  |1=[[Biology:Snow-capped manakin|Snow-capped manakin]]
  |2=[[Biology:Opal-crowned manakin|Opal-crowned manakin]]
                     }}
  |2={{clade
  |1=[[Biology:Blue-rumped manakin|Blue-rumped manakin]]
  |2=[[Biology:Cerulean-capped manakin|Cerulean-capped manakin]]
                     }}
                  }}
               }}
            }}
         }}
      }}
   }}

=== Subspecies ===
Six subspecies are recognised, but see the text below the table.<ref name=ioc/>
{| class="wikitable"
!Subspecies
!Description
!Range
|-
|''Lepidothrix coronata coronata'' 
(Spix, 1825)
|Males typically lack blue coloration and are entirely black.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Cheviron|first1=Z.A.|last2=Hackett|first2=Shannon J.|last3=Capparella|first3=Angelo P.|date=August 2005|title=Complex evolutionary history of a Neotropical lowland forest bird (''Lepidothrix coronata'') and its implications for historical hypotheses of the origin of Neotropical avian diversity|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume=36|issue=2|pages=338–357|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2005.01.015|pmid=15955514|issn=1055-7903}}</ref>
|Eastern Ecuador, and Northeast Peru and Western {{wipe|Brazil}} south of the [[Place:Amazon rainforest|Amazon]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.hbw.com/species/blue-crowned-manakin-lepidothrix-coronata|title=Blue-crowned Manakin (Lepidothrix coronata)|website=www.hbw.com|language=en|access-date=2019-12-04}}</ref>
|-
|''Lepidothrix coronata caquetae'' 
(Meyer de Schauensee, 1953)
|Similar in size to ''L. c. carbonata'', but has more black coloration on the male, making the blue markings less distinct. However, it is not as deep black in color as ''L. c. minuscula''.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Meyer de Schauensee|first=Rodolphe|date=1953|title=Manakins and Cotingas from Ecuador and Peru|journal=Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia|volume=105|pages=29–43 | jstor=4064468}}</ref>
|Southern Columbia, east of [[Place:Andes|Andes]]<ref name=":1" />
|-
|''Lepidothrix coronata carbonata'' 
(Todd, 1925)
|
|South-central & Southeast Colombia, Southern Venezuela, and Northeast Peru and Northwest {{wipe|Brazil}} north of the [[Place:Amazon rainforest|Amazon]]<ref name=":1" />
|-
|''Lepidothrix coronata exquisita'' 
(Hellmayr, 1905)
|Males are typically green much like juveniles and females.<ref name=":0" />
|Central Peru east of [[Place:Andes|Andes]]<ref name=":1" />
|-
|''Lepidothrix coronata caelestipileata'' 
(Goeldi, 1905)
|
|Southeast Peru, Northwest Bolivia and Western {{wipe|Brazil}}<ref name=":1" />
|-
|''Lepidothrix coronata regalis'' 
(J. Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1940)
|
|North Central Bolivia<ref name=":1" />
|}
With the exception of ''L. c. carbonata'', the subspecies categories listed above are not supported [[Biology:Phylogenetics|phylogenetically]]. They were instead named based on differences in male [[Biology:Plumage|plumage]]. Blue-capped manakins differ [[Biology:Genetics|genetically]] into six clades based on geographic location: trans-Andean, Venezuela, North Amazon, Napo-Marañon, Central Peru, and South Peru/Bolivia. Interestingly, birds of highly different [[Biology:Plumage|plumage]] fall into the same [[Biology:Clade|clade]]s. For example,  ''L. c. exquisita'', which has green [[Biology:Plumage|plumage]] males, and ''L. c. coronata'', which has completely black colored males, both fall into the Central Peru [[Biology:Clade|clade]].<ref name=":0" /> 

Based on significant vocal and phylogenetic differences, in July 2022 the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society split ''L. c. velutina'' and ''L. c. minuscula'' from ''L. coronata'' and named the resulting ''L. velutina'' the [[Biology:Velvety manakin|velvety manakin]]. They also renamed the now-reduced ''L. carbonata'' "blue-capped manakin" to avoid confusion with the pre-split species.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1=Moncrieff | first1=A.E. | last2=Faircloth | first2=B.C. | last3=Brumfield | first3=R.T. | date=2022 | title=Systematics of ''Lepidothrix'' manakins (Aves: Passeriformes: Pipridae) using RADcap markers | journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume=173 | issue=107525 | page=107525 | doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107525| pmid=35577299 | s2cid=248803313 | doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{ cite web | last=Moncrieff | first=Andre E. | date=June 2022 | title=Proposal 943: Recognize ''Lepidothrix velutina'' as a separate species from ''Lepidothrix coronata'' | publisher=South American Classification Committee, American Ornithologists' Union | url=https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCprop943.htm | access-date=27 August 2022 }}</ref> The velvety manakin was therefore promoted to species status and the "blue-crowned manakin" renamed to the blue-capped manakin.<ref name=ioc/>

=== Evolution ===
Blue-capped manakins vary genetically based on geographic location. Physical boundaries, such as large Amazonian rivers and the [[Place:Andes|Andes Mountains]], tend to separate genetically distinct blue-capped manakins. The [[Earth:Mountain formation|uplift]] of the [[Place:Andes|Andes Mountains]] seem to be the first major source of separation between blue-capped manakin populations followed by the establishment of Amazonian rivers. The Amazon River separates North and South Amazonian [[Biology:Clade|clade]]s and the Napo River separates the North Amazon and Napo-Marañon clades. Large rivers present a barrier to Blue-crowned manakins despite being flighted because they prefer the understory of terra firme (non-flooded) forests. Central Peru and South Peru/Bolivia [[Biology:Clade|clade]]s and Venezuela and Amazonia clades are not separated by a geographic barrier. It is likely that they instead historically separated and evolved separately for a period of time.<ref name=":0" />

== Description ==
Blue-capped manakins show [[Biology:Sexual dimorphism|sexual dimorphism]] in weight and [[Biology:Wing chord|wing chord]] length. Females are heavier at 9.8 g on average with a max weight of 11.5 g and a minimum weight of 8.5 g. Males are 8.5 g on average with a maximum weight of 9.5 g and a minimum weight of 7.5 g. Males have a [[Biology:Wing chord|wing chord]] length of 60.45&nbsp;mm on average with a maximum length of 63&nbsp;mm and a minimum length of 58&nbsp;mm. Females have a [[Biology:Wing chord|wing chord]] length of 58.76&nbsp;mm on average with a maximum length of 62&nbsp;mm and a minimum length of 55&nbsp;mm.<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Aulicky | first=Carly | year=2014 | title=The Ecology of Blue-crowned Manakins (''Lepidothrix coronata'') : a Comparison Study of Biometric Sexing using Discriminant Analyses |oclc=887854176 | url=http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5206/ }}</ref>
[[File:Blue-crowned manakin male.jpg|thumb|Blue-crowned manakin with male plumage]]
[[File:Lepidothrix coronata - Blue-crowned manakin (female), Careiro, Amazonas, Brazil.jpg|thumb|Blue-crowned manakin with female plumage]]{{Listen|title=Male blue-crowned manakin ''chi-wirr'' vocalization|filename=Lepidothrix coronata - Blue-crowned Manakin XC248715.mp3}}

Males are sooty black with a bright blue crown while females are green.<ref name=":3"/> Juvenile [[Biology:Plumage|plumage]] is similar to female [[Biology:Plumage|plumage]] but is duller in color. Their first prebasic [[Biology:Moulting|molt]] occurs within 2 months of leaving the nest and is a partial [[Biology:Moulting|molt]]. Their second prebasic [[Biology:Moulting|molt]] occurs at the end of the first breeding season or one year after their first prebasic [[Biology:Moulting|molt]]. This [[Biology:Moulting|molt]] is complete, so they lose their [[Biology:Moulting|molt]] limits. At this stage, males gain signs of male [[Biology:Plumage|plumage]]. The third prebasic [[Biology:Moulting|molt]] occurs at the end of their third year and males gain full male [[Biology:Plumage|plumage]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rider|first=Thomas B.|date=2005|title=It's not easy being green: using molt and morphological criteria to age and sex green-plumage manakins (Aves: Pipridae)|journal=Ornitologia Neotropical|volume=16|pages=481–491 | url=https://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/on/v016n04/p0481-p0492.pdf }}</ref>

=== Vocalizations ===
The blue-capped manakin's [[Biology:Contact call|contact call]] is a ''swee'' sound. It is used by blue-capped manakins of all ages and sex. Males will use it while perching on their song perch, while interacting with other blue-crowned manakins, and while performing some of their [[Biology:Display (zoology)|display]] behaviors. Females and fledglings use a soft ''swee'' sound during foraging. Adult females will also use this call when visiting a territorial male. Their [[Biology:Contact call|contact call]] can be a single note or in bouts of a varying number of repetitions. It is a high pitch note that increases in pitch from 2.8 to 5.7&nbsp;kHz. Territorial males use an advertisement call that sounds like ''chi-wrr''. It can be a single note or 3-5 repetitions. This call is composed of three parts. First, a lower [[Physics:Pitch (music)|pitched]] swee sound of 3–5&nbsp;kHz. Second, a short descending note of three stacked [[Physics:Harmonic|harmonic]]s or 1.4, 2.8, and 4.8&nbsp;kHz. Third, a harsh note of two [[Physics:Harmonic|harmonic]]s of 2.0 and 3.9&nbsp;kHz. Males make a ''{{Not a typo|preew}}'' call when interacting with males and females in their [[Biology:Territory (animal)|territory]]. It is composed of 4-5 rapid oscillations between 3.1 and 6&nbsp;kHz. During [[Biology:Display (zoology)|display]], males make a ''pee'' call of 1-10 repetitions. It consists of both flat notes and [[Physics:Harmonic|harmonic]]s between 1.5 and 15&nbsp;kHz.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Durães|first=Renata|date=2009|title=Lek structure and male display repertoire of blue-crowned manakins in eastern Ecuador |journal=The Condor| volume=111| issue=3|pages=453–461| doi=10.1525/cond.2009.080100|s2cid=85736889|doi-access=free}}</ref>

== Distribution and habitat ==
Blue-capped manakins live in terra firme forest [[Biology:Understory|understory]] of [[Earth:South America|South America]].<ref name=":0" />

== Behavior and ecology ==

=== Breeding ===
Breeding season coincides with the [[Earth:Dry season|dry season]] (late November to early April).<ref name=":3">{{Cite thesis|title=Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Lekking Behavior and Female Mate Choice in the Blue-crowned Manakin (''Lepidothrix coronata'', Aves: Pipridae) |last=Durães, Renata.|date=2008|publisher=University of Missouri--St. Louis|oclc=516213742 | url=https://irl.umsl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1548&context=dissertation }}</ref> Males are known to display alone or form [[Biology:Lek mating|leks]] of up to seven males. Adult and juvenile males form [[Biology:Territory (animal)|territories]] though juveniles are unable to maintain their own [[Biology:Territory (animal)|territory]].<ref name=":2" /> Their [[Biology:Territory (animal)|territories]] range from 206 to 5045 m² in size.<ref name=":3" /> They defend their [[Biology:Territory (animal)|territory]] and attract mates through [[Biology:Bird vocalization|song]]. They perform their [[Biology:Bird vocalization|songs]] on song perches that are horizontal or slightly angled twigs and will sing between 6am and 5pm. Their [[Biology:Display (zoology)|display]] courts are 3–5 m in diameter and are located close to the ground in the open [[Biology:Understory|understory]]. They use up to two courts at a time, but courts can change location annually. Their [[Biology:Courtship display|courtship display]]s are somewhat complex with a total of 11 behaviors, 6 of which are aerial.<ref name=":2" /> Female's [[Earth:Home range|home range]]s average 4 ha in size and overlap with one [[Biology:Lek mating|lek]] on average.<ref name=":3" />

[[File:Nest of a Lepidothrix coronata.JPG|thumb|Blue-capped manakin nest placed in a horizontally forked branch with one egg.]]Blue-capped manakins make simple, open-cup nests using dry palm, dry leaves, and/or bark externally. The internal lining of their nest is pale brown, but can also be whitish or yellow. They use spider webs to secure their nests to the tree.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal | last1=Hidalgo | first1=J. | last2=Ryder | first2=T. | last3=Tori | first3=W. | last4=Durães | first4=R. | last5=Blake | first5=J. | last6=Loiselle | first6=B. | date=2007 | title=Nest architecture and placement of three manakin species in lowland Ecuador | journal=Cotinga | volume=29 | pages=57–61 | url=http://www.neotropicalbirdclub.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/C29-Hidalgo-et-al.pdf }}</ref> They chose small shrubs and treelets that are less than 1 meter tall and place their nests on horizontal forks.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|last=Hidalgo|first=Jose R.|date=2012|title=Nest site selection by blue-crowned (''Lepidothrix coronata'') and wire-tailed (''Pipra filicauda'') manakins in lowland Ecuador | journal=Ornitologia Neotropical|volume=23|pages=63–71}}</ref> They typically nest in ''Rudgea spp.'', ''Ixora killipii'', ''R. viridifoliax'', and ''R. lindenicana'' along small ravines.<ref name=":4" /> Females are the sole nest builders and take care of their offspring alone. They lay two eggs per clutch. Their nests experience high predation rates. To help mitigate this risk, Blue-crowned manakins choose nesting sites away from wire-tailed manakins, a species that favors similar nesting environments. This reduces the number of birds nesting in one area and thus reduces the chance that predators will [[Earth:Predation|predate]] the area.<ref name=":5" />

=== Food and feeding ===
Blue-capped manakins are frugivores. Their diet includes fruit from ''[[Biology:Melastomataceae|Melastomataceae]]'', ''[[Biology:Moraceae|Moraceae]]'', ''[[Biology:Bromeliaceae|Bromeliaceae]]'', and ''[[Biology:Araceae|Araceae]]''.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Loiselle|first1=Bette A.|last2=Blake|first2=John G.|last3=Durães|first3=Renata|last4=Ryder|first4=T. Brandt|last5=Tori|first5=Wendy|date=2007|journal=The Auk |volume=124| issue=2|pages=420| title=Environmental and spatial segregation of leks among six co-occurring species of manakins (Pipridae) in eastern Ecuador | doi=10.1093/auk/124.2.420 | doi-access=free}}</ref>

When feeding in a mixed [[Flocking (behavior)|flock]], blue-capped manakins tend to [[Flocking (behavior)|flock]] with [[Biology:Cinereous antshrike|cinereus]] and [[Biology:Dusky-throated antshrike|dusty-throated antshrikes]], and the [[Biology:White-flanked antwren|white-flanked]], Yasuni, [[Biology:Long-winged antwren|long-winged]], [[Biology:Grey antwren|gray]], and [[Biology:Rufous-tailed stipplethroat|rufous-tailed stipplethroat]]s. These [[Flocking (behavior)|flocks]] are typically only composed of one or two blue-capped manakins. When there are two blue-capped manakins in a [[Flocking (behavior)|flock]], they forage independently from one another. Their behavior is never aggressive toward other species of birds in the [[Flocking (behavior)|flock]]. Both males and females forage in mixed [[Flocking (behavior)|flocks]], but females spend more time on average in the [[Flocking (behavior)|flock]]. They forage in the [[Biology:Understory|understory]] between a height of 2–7 m. Their preferred food while in [[Flocking (behavior)|flocks]] are [[Biology:Arthropod|arthropod]]s, including [[Biology:Ant|ant]]s, [[Biology:Fly|flies]], and other small [[Biology:Insect|insect]]s. While catching [[Biology:Arthropod|arthropod]]s, their hunting technique was often a sally-strike or sally-glean off of live [[Biology:Leaf|foliage]]. Considering their normally frugivorous diet, it is speculated that the blue-capped manakins are taking advantage of the [[Biology:Flock (birds)|flock's]] ability to cause [[Biology:Insect|insect]]s to scatter.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Buitron-Jurado|first=Galo|date=2008|title=Foraging behavior of two species of manakins (Pipridae) in mixed-species flocks in Yasuní, Ecuador|journal=Ornitologica Neotropical|volume=19|pages=243–253 | url=https://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/ON%20%2819%29%20243-254.pdf}}</ref>

== Threats ==
Blue-capped manakins experience high nest [[Earth:Predation|predation]] rates with 70% of nests failing due to [[Earth:Predation|predation]]. It is estimated that only 7.5% of nests successfully fledge young. It is uncertain how blue-crowned manakins maintain population size with such a low rate of success, but it has been speculated that high female survivability and multiple [[Biology:Breeding in the wild|breeding]] attempts per season may be a factor.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Ryder|first1=Thomas B.|last2=Durães|first2=Renata|last3=Tori|first3=Wendy P.|last4=Hidalgo|first4=José R.|last5=Loiselle|first5=Bette A.|last6=Blake|first6=John G.|date=May 2008|title=Nest survival for two species of manakins (Pipridae) in lowland Ecuador|journal=Journal of Avian Biology|volume=39|issue=3|pages=355–358|doi=10.1111/j.0908-8857.2008.04290.x|issn=0908-8857}}</ref>

Blue-capped manakins can get infected with haemosporidian parasites. A genetic study revealed that half of the sampled manakins were infected with blood parasites, representing nine different types. Young individuals had higher infection rates compared to adults.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Bosholn|first1=Mariane|last2=Anciães|first2=Marina|last3=Gil|first3=Diego|last4=Weckstein|first4=Jason D.|last5=Dispoto|first5=Janice H.|last6=Fecchio|first6=Alan|date=2020|title=Individual variation in feather corticosterone levels and its influence on haemosporidian infection in a Neotropical bird|journal=Ibis|language=en|volume=162|issue=1|pages=215–226|doi=10.1111/ibi.12709|issn=1474-919X|doi-access=free}}</ref>

== Status ==
The blue-capped manakin has least concern conservation status. A major factor in this decision is its large range of {{cvt|5,050,000|sqkm}}. Its population size is unknown, but has a decreasing trend.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/blue-crowned-manakin-lepidothrix-coronata|title=Blue-crowned manakin ''Lepidothrix coronata'' |date=2019|website=Data Zone BirdLife International|access-date=4 December 2019}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
<!-- [at present only has the one image alrady used here] -->

==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
*{{ cite journal | last1=Reis | first1=C.A. | last2=Dias | first2=C. | last3=Araripe | first3=J. | last4=Aleixo | first4=A. | last5=Anciães | first5=M. | last6=Sampaio | first6=M. | last7=Schneider | first7=H. | last8=Sena do Rêgo | first8=P. | year=2019 | title=Multilocus data of a manakin species reveal cryptic diversification moulded by vicariance | journal=Zoologica Scripta | volume=49 | issue=2 | pages=129–144 | doi=10.1111/zsc.12395 | s2cid=209573931 | ref=none }}
*{{ cite book | last=Skutch | first=Alexander F. |  date=1969 | chapter=Blue-crowned manakin | title=Life Histories of Central American Birds III: Families Cotingidae, Pipridae, Formicariidae, Furnariidae, Dendrocolaptidae, and Picidae | series=Pacific Coast Avifauna, Number 35 | location=Berkeley, California | publisher=Cooper Ornithological Society | chapter-url=https://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/pca/pca_035.pdf#page=97 | pages=97–109 | ref=none }}
{{refend}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1060510}}

[[Category:Lepidothrix|blue-capped manakin]]

{{Sourceattribution|Blue-capped manakin}}