View source for Biography:Thích Nhất Hạnh

{{short description|Vietnamese Buddhist monk and activist (1926–2022)}}
<!-- {{Vietnamese name|Thích|Nhất Hạnh}} See § "Names again" on talk page -->
{{Infobox religious biography
| background         = #FFD068
| name               = Thích Nhất Hạnh
| image              = Thich Nhat Hanh 12 (cropped).jpg
| caption            = Nhất Hạnh in Paris in 2006
| birth_name         = Nguyễn Xuân Bảo
| other_name         = Nguyễn Đình Lang
| dharma_name        = Phùng Xuân, Điệu Sung
| alias              = Thầy (teacher)
| birth_date         = {{Birth date|df=yes|1926|10|11}}
| birth_place        = [[Place:Huế|Huế]], Thừa Thiên, Annam, French Indochina
| death_date         = {{Death date and age|2022|1|22|1926|10|11|df=y}}
| death_place        = Huế, Thừa Thiên-Huế Province, Vietnam
| religion           = Thiền Buddhism
| school             = [[Religion:Linji school|Linji school]] (Lâm Tế)<ref name="mindfulnessbell">{{Cite web |last=Carolan |first=Trevor |date=1 January 1996 |title=Mindfulness Bell: A Profile of Thich Nhat Hanh |url=https://www.lionsroar.com/mindfulness-bell-a-profile-of-thich-nhat-hanh/ |access-date=14 August 2018 |publisher=Lion's Roar |archive-date=14 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180814201725/https://www.lionsroar.com/mindfulness-bell-a-profile-of-thich-nhat-hanh/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />[[Unsolved:Order of Interbeing|Order of Interbeing]]<br />[[Unsolved:Plum Village Tradition|Plum Village Tradition]]
| lineage            = 42nd generation (Lâm Tế)<ref name="mindfulnessbell" /><br />8th generation (Liễu Quán)<ref name="mindfulnessbell" />
| title              = Thiền Sư<br />(Zen master)
| location           = [[Unsolved:Plum Village Monastery|Plum Village Monastery]]
| teacher            = Thích Chân Thật
| known_for          = [[Unsolved:Engaged Buddhism|Engaged Buddhism]], father of the [[Philosophy:Mindfulness|mindfulness]] movement
| notable works      = 
}}
'''Thích Nhất Hạnh''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|ɪ|k|_|ˈ|n|j|ʌ|t|_|ˈ|h|ʌ|n}} {{respell|TIK NYUT HUN}}; {{IPA-vi|tʰǐk̟ ɲə̌t hâjŋ̟ˀ|lang|Thich Nhat Hanh.ogg}}, Huế dialect: {{IPA-vi|tʰɨt̚˦˧˥ ɲək̚˦˧˥ hɛɲ˨˩ʔ||}}; born '''Nguyễn Xuân Bảo'''; 11 October 1926 – 22 January 2022) was a Vietnamese Thiền Buddhist monk, peace activist, prolific author, poet and teacher,<ref name=":2" /> who founded the [[Unsolved:Plum Village Tradition|Plum Village Tradition]], historically recognized as the main inspiration for [[Unsolved:Engaged Buddhism|engaged Buddhism]].<ref name="Gleig 2021">{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Engaged Buddhism |encyclopedia=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion |publisher=[[Organization:Oxford University Press|Oxford University Press]] |location=Oxford |url=https://oxfordre.com/religion/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.001.0001/acrefore-9780199340378-e-755 |access-date=8 August 2021 |date=28 June 2021 |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.755 |isbn=9780199340378 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210707132646/https://oxfordre.com/religion/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.001.0001/acrefore-9780199340378-e-755 |archive-date=7 July 2021 |author-last=Gleig |author-first=Ann |doi-access= |url-status=live}}</ref> Known as the "father of [[Philosophy:Mindfulness|mindfulness]]",<ref name="mb" /> Nhất Hạnh was a major influence on Western practices of [[Religion:Buddhism|Buddhism]].<ref name=":2" />

In the mid-1960s, Nhất Hạnh co-founded the School of Youth for Social Services and created the [[Unsolved:Order of Interbeing|Order of Interbeing]].<ref name="Gleig 2021" /> He was exiled from South Vietnam in 1966 after expressing opposition to the war and refusing to take sides.<ref name=":2" /><ref name="time" /><ref name=":9" /> In 1967, [[Biography:Martin Luther King Jr.|Martin Luther King Jr.]] nominated him for a Nobel Peace Prize.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":2" /> Nhất Hạnh established dozens of monasteries and practice centers<ref name=":2" /> and spent many years living at the [[Unsolved:Plum Village Monastery|Plum Village Monastery]], which he founded in 1982 in southwest France near Thénac,<ref name="BBC" /> traveling internationally to give retreats and talks. Nhất Hạnh promoted deep listening as a nonviolent solution to conflict and sought to raise awareness of the interconnectedness of all elements in nature.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Samar Farah|date=4 April 2002|title=An advocate for peace starts with listening|work=The Christian Science Monitor|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/2002/0404/p18s02-lire.html|access-date=13 September 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020611064946/http://www.csmonitor.com/2002/0404/p18s02-lire.html|archive-date=11 June 2002}}</ref> He coined the term "engaged Buddhism" in his book ''Vietnam: Lotus in a Sea of Fire''.<ref name="giaodiem" /> 

After a 39-year exile, Nhất Hạnh was permitted to visit Vietnam in 2005.<ref name="time" /> In 2018, he returned to Vietnam to his "root temple", Từ Hiếu Temple, near [[Place:Huế|Huế]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=2 November 2018|title=Thich Nhat Hanh Returns Home|language=en-US|work=Plum Village|url=https://plumvillage.org/news/thich-nhat-hanh-returns-to-vietnam/|access-date=2 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181102054005/https://plumvillage.org/news/thich-nhat-hanh-returns-to-vietnam/|archive-date=2 November 2018}}</ref> where he lived until his death in 2022, at the age of 95.<ref name="auto">{{cite web |author1=Joan Duncan Oliver |title=Thich Nhat Hanh, Vietnamese Zen Master, Dies at 95 |url=https://tricycle.org/trikedaily/thich-nhat-hanh-dies/ |website=Tricycle |date=21 January 2022 |access-date=21 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121215028/https://tricycle.org/trikedaily/thich-nhat-hanh-dies/ |archive-date=21 January 2022}}</ref>

==Early life==
Nhất Hạnh was born '''Nguyễn Xuân Bảo'''<!-- The Washington Post, Taylor, and Lion's Roar list Nguyen Xuan Bao as his birth name, whereas AP News article "Funeral held in Vietnam for influential monk Thich Nhat Hanh" lists Nguyen Dinh Lang. --> on 11 October 1926, in the ancient capital of [[Place:Huế|Huế]] in central Vietnam.<ref name="Taylor2007">{{Cite book|last=Taylor|first=Philip|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mtU4H21wdFoC&pg=PA299|title=Modernity and Re-enchantment: Religion in Post-revolutionary Vietnam|publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies|year=2007|isbn=9789812304407|pages=279–341|chapter=The 2005 Pilgrimage and Return to Vietnam of Exiled Zen Master Thích Nhất Hạnh|access-date=9 October 2018|archive-date=14 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214010815/https://books.google.com/books?id=mtU4H21wdFoC&pg=PA299|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":5" /><ref name="lionsroar" /> He is 15th generation Nguyễn Đình; the poet Nguyễn Đình Chiểu, author of ''Lục Vân Tiên'', was his ancestor.<ref name=PVbio /> His father, Nguyễn Đình Phúc, from Thành Trung village in Thừa Thiên, Huế, was an official with the French administration.<ref name=PVbio>{{cite web|url=https://plumvillage.org/about/thich-nhat-hanh/thich-nhat-hanh-full-biography/|title=Thich Nhat Hanh: 20-page Biography|access-date=22 January 2022|publisher=Plum Village|archive-date=21 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121235036/https://plumvillage.org/about/thich-nhat-hanh/thich-nhat-hanh-full-biography/|url-status=live}}</ref> His mother, Trần Thị Dĩ, was a homemaker<ref name=":5" /> from Gio Linh district.<ref name=PVbio /> Nhất Hạnh was the fifth of their six children.<ref name=PVbio /> Until he was age five, he lived with his large extended family at his grandmother's home.<ref name=PVbio /> He recalled feeling joy at age seven or eight after he saw a drawing of a peaceful Buddha, sitting on the grass.<ref name="lionsroar" /><ref name=":5" /> On a school trip, he visited a mountain where a hermit lived who was said to sit quietly day and night to become peaceful like the Buddha. They explored the area, and he found a natural well, which he drank from and felt completely satisfied. It was this experience that led him to want to become a Buddhist monk.<ref name=":9" /> At age 12, he expressed an interest in training to become a monk, which his parents, cautious at first, eventually let him pursue at age 16.<ref name="lionsroar" />

==Names applied to him==
Nhất Hạnh had many names in his lifetime. As a boy, he received a formal family name (Nguyễn Đình Lang) to register for school, but was known by his nickname (Bé Em). He received a spiritual name (Điệu Sung) as an aspirant for the monkhood; a Lineage name (Trừng Quang) when he formally became a lay Buddhist; and when he ordained as a monk he received a [[Philosophy:Dharma name|Dharma name]] (Phùng Xuân). He took the Dharma title Nhất Hạnh when he moved to Saigon in 1949.<ref name="PVfull">{{Cite web |date=22 January 2022 |title=Thich Nhat Hanh full biography |url=https://plumvillage.org/about/thich-nhat-hanh/thich-nhat-hanh-full-biography/ |website=Plum Village |access-date=21 January 2022 |archive-date=21 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121235036/https://plumvillage.org/about/thich-nhat-hanh/thich-nhat-hanh-full-biography/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The Vietnamese name ''Thích'' (釋) is from "Thích Ca" or "Thích Già" (釋迦, "of the Shakya clan").<ref name="Dung, Thay Phap 2006" /> All Buddhist monastics in East Asian Buddhism adopt this name as their surname, implying that their first family is the Buddhist community. In many Buddhist traditions, a person can receive a progression of names. The lineage name is given first when a person takes [[Philosophy:Refuge (Buddhism)|refuge]] in the Three Jewels. Nhất Hạnh's lineage name is Trừng Quang (澄光, "Clear, Reflective Light"). The second is a dharma name, given when a person takes vows or is ordained as a monastic. Nhất Hạnh's dharma name is Phùng Xuân (逢春, "Meeting Spring") and his dharma title is Nhất Hạnh.<ref name="Dung, Thay Phap 2006" />

Neither ''Nhất'' (一) nor ''Hạnh'' (行), which approximate the roles of middle name and given name, was part of his name at birth. ''Nhất'' means "one", implying "first-class", or "of best quality"; ''Hạnh'' means "action", implying "[[Philosophy:Noble Eightfold Path#Ethical conduct|right conduct]]" or "good nature". He translated his Dharma names as "One" (Nhất) and "Action" (Hạnh). Vietnamese names follow this convention, placing the family name first, then the middle name, which often refers to the person's position in the family or generation, followed by the given name.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Geotravel Research Center, Kissimmee, Florida |year=1995 |title=Vietnamese Names |url=http://www.thingsasian.com/stories-photos/1044 |access-date=13 September 2010 |website=Excerpted from "Culture Briefing: Vietnam" |publisher=Things Asian website |archive-date=21 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100821112717/http://www.thingsasian.com/stories-photos/1044 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Nhất Hạnh's followers called him {{lang|vi|Thầy}} ("master; teacher"), or ''Thầy'' Nhất Hạnh. Any Vietnamese monk in the Mahayana tradition can be addressed as "thầy", with monks addressed as ''thầy tu'' ("monk") and nuns addressed as ''sư cô'' ("sister") or ''sư bà'' ("elder sister").  He is also known as Thiền Sư Nhất Hạnh ("Zen Master Nhất Hạnh").<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2011 |title=Title attributed to TNH on the Vietnamese Plum Village site |url=http://www.langmai.org/ |access-date=16 June 2013 |publisher=Langmai.org |language=vi |archive-date=6 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506134127/https://langmai.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Education==
[[File:Buddha Hall 105.JPG|thumb|Buddha hall of the Từ Hiếu Temple]]
[[File:一行禪師 越南佛教臨濟宗第四十二代法嗣.jpg|thumb|Thích Nhất Hạnh was the forty-second heir of the Linji school of Zen Buddhism in Vietnam]]
At age 16, Nhất Hạnh entered the monastery at Từ Hiếu Temple, where his primary teacher was Zen Master Thanh Quý Chân Thật, who was from the 43rd generation of the Lâm Tế Zen school and the ninth generation of the Liễu Quán school.<ref name="Taylor2007" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Cordova, Nathaniel |year=2005 |title=The Tu Hieu Lineage of Thien (Zen) Buddhism |url=http://www.woodmoorvillage.org/2005/08/the_tu_hieu_lin.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130112210158/http://www.woodmoorvillage.org/2005/08/the_tu_hieu_lin.html |archive-date=12 January 2013 |access-date=13 September 2010 |website=Blog entry on the Woodmore Village website }}</ref><ref name="lionsroar" /> He studied as a novice for three years and received training in Vietnamese traditions of [[Philosophy:Mahayana|Mahayana]] and [[Philosophy:Theravada|Theravada]] Buddhism.<ref name="Taylor2007" /> Here he also learned Chinese, English and French.<ref name=":9" /> Nhất Hạnh attended Báo Quốc Buddhist Academy.<ref name="Taylor2007" /><ref name=":2" /> Dissatisfied with the focus at Báo Quốc Academy, which he found lacking in philosophy, literature, and foreign languages, Nhất Hạnh left in 1950<ref name="Taylor2007" /> and took up residence in the Ấn Quang Pagoda in Saigon, where he was [[Philosophy:Bhikkhu|ordained as a monk]] in 1951.<ref name="lionsroar" /> He supported himself by selling books and poetry while attending Saigon University,<ref name="Taylor2007" /> where he studied science.<ref name="af" /> 

In 1955, Nhất Hạnh returned to [[Place:Huế|Huế]] and served as the editor of ''Phật Giáo Việt Nam'' (''Vietnamese Buddhism''), the official publication of the General Association of Vietnamese Buddhists (Tổng Hội Phật Giáo Việt Nam) for two years before the publication was suspended as higher-ranking monks disapproved of his writing. He believed that this was due to his opinion that South Vietnam's various Buddhist organisations should unite. In 1956, while he was away teaching in Đà Lạt, his name was expunged from the records of Ấn Quang, effectively disowning him from the temple. In late 1957, Nhất Hạnh decided to go on retreat, and established a monastic "community of resistance" named Phương Bôi, in Đại Lao Forest near Đà Lạt. During this period, he taught at a nearby high school and continued to write, promoting the idea of a humanistic, unified Buddhism.<ref name="Taylor2007" /> 

From 1959 to 1961, Nhất Hạnh taught several short courses on Buddhism at various Saigon temples, including the large Xá Lợi Pagoda, where his class was cancelled mid-session and he was removed due to disapproval of his teachings. Facing further opposition from Vietnamese religious and secular authorities,<ref name="Taylor2007" /> Nhất Hạnh accepted a Fulbright Fellowship<ref name=":9">{{Cite news|date=25 January 2022|title=Thich Nhat Hanh obituary|language=en|work=The Times|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/thich-nhat-hanh-obituary-5htc0zn7h|access-date=25 January 2022|issn=0140-0460|archive-date=26 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126003212/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/thich-nhat-hanh-obituary-5htc0zn7h|url-status=live}}</ref> in 1960 to study comparative religion at [[Organization:Princeton University|Princeton University]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=Greenblatt|first=Lilly|date=21 January 2022|title=Remembering Thich Nhat Hanh (1926–2022)|url=https://www.lionsroar.com/thich-nhat-hanh-zen-teacher-who-popularized-mindfulness-in-the-west-dead-at-95/|access-date=25 January 2022|website=Lion's Roar|language=en-US|archive-date=22 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122133231/https://www.lionsroar.com/thich-nhat-hanh-zen-teacher-who-popularized-mindfulness-in-the-west-dead-at-95/|url-status=live}}</ref> He studied at the Princeton Theological Seminary in 1961.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Armstrong |first=April C. |date=4 November 2020 |title=Dear Mr. Mudd: Did Thich Nhat Hanh Attend or Teach at Princeton University? |url=https://blogs.princeton.edu/mudd/2020/11/dear-mr-mudd-did-thich-nhat-hanh-attend-or-teach-at-princeton-university/ |website=Mudd Manuscript Library Blog |access-date=4 November 2020 |archive-date=4 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104142718/https://blogs.princeton.edu/mudd/2020/11/dear-mr-mudd-did-thich-nhat-hanh-attend-or-teach-at-princeton-university/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":2" /> In 1962 he was appointed lecturer in Buddhism at [[Organization:Columbia University|Columbia University]]<ref name="lionsroar">{{Cite web|last=Miller|first=Andrea|date=30 September 2016|orig-date=1 July 2010|title=Peace in Every Step|url=http://www.lionsroar.com/headline-july-2010/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020205331/http://www.lionsroar.com/headline-july-2010/|archive-date=20 October 2014|access-date=2 October 2016|website=|publisher=Lion's Roar}}</ref> and also taught as a lecturer at [[Organization:Cornell University|Cornell University]].<ref name=":2" /> By then he had gained fluency in French, Classical Chinese, [[Social:Sanskrit|Sanskrit]], [[Social:Pali|Pali]] and English, in addition to his native [[Social:Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]].<ref name=":3" />

==Career==
===Activism in Vietnam 1963–1966===
In 1963, after the military overthrow of the minority Catholic regime of President Ngo Dinh Diem, Nhất Hạnh returned to South Vietnam on 16 December 1963, at the request of Thich Tri Quang, the monk most prominent in protesting the religious discrimination of Diem, to help restructure the administration of Vietnamese Buddhism.<Ref name=Taylor2007/> As a result of a congress, the General Association of Buddhists and other groups merged to form the Unified Buddhist Church of Vietnam (UBCV) in January 1964, and Nhất Hạnh proposed that the executive publicly call for an end to the Vietnam War, help establish an institute for the study of Buddhism to train future leaders, and create a centre to train pacifist social workers based on Buddhist teaching.<Ref name=Taylor2007/>

In 1964, two of Nhất Hạnh's students founded La Boi Press with a grant from Mrs. Ngo Van Hieu. Within two years, the press published 12 books, but by 1966, the publishers risked arrest and jail because the word "peace" was taken to mean communism.<ref>{{cite book|author=Chan Khong|title=Learning True Love: Practicing Buddhism in a Time of War|publisher=Parallax Press|year=2005|isbn=978-1427098429|page=}}</ref> Nhất Hạnh also edited the weekly journal ''Hải Triều Âm'' (''Sound of the Rising Tide''), the UBCV's official publication. He continually advocated peace and reconciliation, notably calling in September 1964, soon after the [[Engineering:Gulf of Tonkin incident|Gulf of Tonkin incident]], for a peace settlement, and referring to the Viet Cong as brothers. The South Vietnamese government subsequently closed the journal.<Ref name=Taylor2007/>

On 1 May 1966, at Từ Hiếu Temple, Nhất Hạnh received the "lamp transmission" from Zen Master Chân Thật, making him a dharmacharya (teacher)<ref name="Dung, Thay Phap 2006">{{Cite web|last=Dung, Thay Phap|year=2006|title=A Letter to Friends about our Lineage|url=http://orderofinterbeing.org/docs/TNH-Tradition-Lineage.pdf|access-date=23 November 2014|website=PDF file on the Order of Interbeing website|archive-date=29 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829082500/http://orderofinterbeing.org/docs/TNH-Tradition-Lineage.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> and the spiritual head of Từ Hiếu and associated monasteries.<ref name="Dung, Thay Phap 2006" /><ref>Mau, Thich Chi (1999) "Application for the publication of books and sutras", letter to the Vietnamese Governmental Committee of Religious Affairs, reprinted on the Plum Village website. He is the Elder of the Từ Hiếu branch of the 8th generation of the Liễu Quán lineage in the 42nd generation of the Linji school (臨 濟 禪, {{lang-vi|Lâm Tế}})</ref>

====Vạn Hanh Buddhist University====
On 13 March 1964, Nhất Hạnh and the monks at An Quang Pagoda founded the Institute of Higher Buddhist Studies (Học Viện Phật Giáo Việt Nam), with the UBCV's support and endorsement.<ref name=Taylor2007/> Renamed Vạn Hanh Buddhist University, it was a private institution that taught Buddhist studies, Vietnamese culture, and languages, in Saigon. Nhất Hạnh taught Buddhist psychology and [[Philosophy:Prajnaparamita|prajnaparamita]] literature there,<ref name="lionsroar" /> and helped finance the university by fundraising from supporters.<ref name=Taylor2007/>

====School of Youth for Social Service (SYSS)====
[[File:Chan Khong cropped.jpg|thumb|Chân Không<br />(Sister True Emptiness)]]
In 1964, Nhất Hạnh co-founded<ref name="Gleig 2021" /> the School of Youth for Social Service (SYSS), a neutral corps of Buddhist peace workers who went into rural areas to establish schools, build healthcare clinics, and help rebuild villages.<ref name="BBC" /> The SYSS consisted of 10,000 volunteers and social workers who aided war-torn villages, rebuilt schools and established medical centers.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Schedneck|first=Brooke|date=24 January 2022|title=Mindfulness in Life and Death|url=https://www.yesmagazine.org/health-happiness/2022/01/24/thich-nhat-hanh-mindfulness-in-life-and-death|access-date=26 January 2022|website=YES! Magazine|language=en-US|archive-date=26 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126071218/https://www.yesmagazine.org/health-happiness/2022/01/24/thich-nhat-hanh-mindfulness-in-life-and-death|url-status=live}}</ref> He left for the U.S. shortly afterwards and was not allowed to return, leaving Sister [[Biography:Chân Không|Chân Không]] in charge of the SYSS. Chân Không was central to the foundation and many of the activities of the SYSS, which organized medical, educational and agricultural facilities in rural Vietnam during the war.<ref name="sun">{{cite web|last=Miller|first=Andrea|date=8 May 2017|title=Path of Peace: The Life and Teachings of Sister Chan Khong|url=http://www.lionsroar.com/path-of-peace-the-life-and-teachings-of-sister-chan-khong-may-2012/|access-date=25 January 2022|website=Lion's Roar|publisher=Shambhala Sun|archive-date=6 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506113448/https://www.lionsroar.com/path-of-peace-the-life-and-teachings-of-sister-chan-khong-may-2012/|url-status=live}}</ref> Nhất Hạnh was initially given substantial autonomy to run the SYSS, which was initially part of Vạn Hạnh University. In April 1966, the Vạn Hạnh Students’ Union under the presidency of Phượng issued a "Call for Peace". Vice Chancellor Thích Minh Châu dissolved the students' union and removed the SYSS from the university's auspices.<Ref name=Taylor2007/>

====The Order of Interbeing====
{{Main|Unsolved:Order of Interbeing}}
Nhất Hạnh created the [[Unsolved:Order of Interbeing|Order of Interbeing]] ({{lang-vi|Tiếp Hiện}}), a monastic and lay group, between 1964<ref name="BBC" /> and 1966.<ref name=":3" /> He headed this group, basing it on the philosophical concept of [[Philosophy:Interbeing|interbeing]] and teaching it through the Five Mindfulness Trainings<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 December 2018 |title=The Five Mindfulness Trainings |url=https://plumvillage.org/mindfulness-practice/the-5-mindfulness-trainings/ |access-date=28 December 2018 |language=en-US |archive-date=17 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181217062622/https://plumvillage.org/mindfulness-practice/the-5-mindfulness-trainings/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and the Fourteen Mindfulness Trainings.<ref name="14MTs">{{Cite web |date=28 December 2018 |title=The Fourteen Mindfulness Trainings of the Order of Interbeing |url=https://orderofinterbeing.org/for-the-aspirant/fourteen-mindfulness-trainings/ |access-date=28 December 2018 |language=en-US |archive-date=29 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181229082112/http://orderofinterbeing.org/for-the-aspirant/fourteen-mindfulness-trainings/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Gleig 2021" /> Nhất Hạnh established the Order of Interbeing from a selection of six SYSS board members, three men and three women, who took a vow to practice the Fourteen Precepts of Engaged Buddhism.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|last1=Hanh|first1=Thich Nhat|last2=Eppsteiner|first2=Fred|date=12 April 2017|title=The Fourteen Precepts of Engaged Buddhism|url=https://www.lionsroar.com/the-fourteen-precepts-of-engaged-buddhism/|access-date=26 January 2022|website=Lion's Roar|language=en-US|archive-date=26 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126052544/https://www.lionsroar.com/the-fourteen-precepts-of-engaged-buddhism/|url-status=live}}</ref> He added a seventh member in 1981.<ref name=":02" /> 

In 1967, Nhat Chi Mai, one of the first six Order of Interbeing members, set fire to herself and burned to death in front of the Tu Nghiem Pagoda in Saigon as a peace protest after calling for an end to the Vietnam War.<ref name="Gleig 2021" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Topmiller|first=Robert J.|date=2005|title=Struggling for Peace: South Vietnamese Buddhist Women and Resistance to the Vietnam War|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/187423|journal=Journal of Women's History|volume=17|issue=3|pages=133–157|doi=10.1353/jowh.2005.0037|s2cid=144501009|issn=1527-2036|access-date=29 January 2022|archive-date=2 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180602121927/http://muse.jhu.edu/article/187423|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite journal|last=King|first=Sallie B.|date=2000|title=They Who Burned Themselves for Peace: Quaker and Buddhist Self-Immolators during the Vietnam War|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1390328|journal=Buddhist-Christian Studies|volume=20|pages=127–150|doi=10.1353/bcs.2000.0016|jstor=1390328|s2cid=171031594|issn=0882-0945}}</ref> On several occasions, Nhất Hạnh explained to Westerners that Thích Quảng Đức and other Vietnamese Buddhist monks who self-immolated during the Vietnam war did not perform acts of suicide; rather, their acts were, in his words, aimed "at moving the hearts of the oppressors, and at calling the attention of the world to the suffering endured then by the Vietnamese."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Archive Librarian|date=26 May 2015|title=THICH NHAT HANH(1926– )from Vietnam: Lotus in a Sea of Fire: In Search of the Enemy of Man|url=https://ethicsofsuicide.lib.utah.edu/selections/thich-nhat-hahn/|access-date=12 February 2022|website=The Ethics of Suicide Digital Archive|language=en-US|quote=Although Giac Thanh was young at the time of his death, Quang Duc was over 70. Nhat Hanh had lived with the older monk for nearly a year at Long-Vinh pagoda before he set himself on fire, and describes him as “a very kind and lucid person . . . calm and in full possession of his mental faculties when he burned himself.” Nhat Hanh insists that these acts of self-immolation are not suicide}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019|title=Why have some Buddhist monks set themselves on fire?|url=https://tricycle.org/beginners/buddhism/why-have-some-buddhist-monks-set-themselves-on-fire/|access-date=12 February 2022|website=Tricycle: Buddhism for Beginners|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":8" />

The Order of Interbeing expanded into an international community of laypeople and monastics focused on "mindfulness practice, ethical behavior, and compassionate action in society."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Zuisei Goddard|first=Vanessa|date=31 January 2022|title=How Thích Nhất Hạnh changed the world beyond Buddhism|url=https://religionnews.com/2022/01/31/how-thich-nhat-hanh-changed-the-world-beyond-buddhism/|access-date=12 February 2022|website=Religion News Service|language=en-US}}</ref> By 2017, the group had grown to include thousands known to recite the Fourteen Precepts.<ref name=":02" />

===During the Vietnam War===
Vạn Hạnh University was taken over by one of the chancellors, who wished to sever ties with Nhất Hạnh and the SYSS, accusing Chân Không of being a communist. Thereafter the SYSS struggled to raise funds and faced attacks on its members. It persisted in its relief efforts without taking sides in the conflict.<ref name="giaodiem">{{Cite web |last=Nhu, Quan |year=2002 |title=Nhat Hanh's Peace Activities" in "Vietnamese Engaged Buddhism: The Struggle Movement of 1963–66" |url=http://www.giaodiemonline.com/thuvien/FotoNews/nh_quannhu.htm |access-date=13 September 2010 |website=Reprinted on the Giao Diem si |archive-date=25 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225094021/https://www.giaodiemonline.com/thuvien/FotoNews/nh_quannhu.htm |url-status=live }} (2002)</ref>

Nhất Hạnh returned to the U.S. in 1966 to lead a symposium in Vietnamese Buddhism at [[Organization:Cornell University|Cornell University]] and continue his work for peace.<Ref name=Taylor2007/> He was invited by Professor George McTurnan Kahin, also of Cornell and a U.S. government foreign policy consultant, to participate on a forum on U.S. policy in Vietnam. On 1 June, Nhất Hạnh released a five-point proposal addressed to the U.S. government, recommending that (1) the U.S. make a clear statement of its desire to help the Vietnamese people form a government "truly responsive to Vietnamese aspirations"; (2) the U.S. and South Vietnam cease air strikes throughout Vietnam; (3) all anti-communist military operations be purely defensive; (4) the U.S. demonstrate a willingness to withdraw within a few months; and (5) the U.S. offer to pay for reconstruction.<ref name=Taylor2007/> In 1967 he wrote ''Vietnam — The Lotus in the Sea of Fire'', about his proposals.<Ref name=Taylor2007/> The South Vietnamese military junta responded by accusing him of treason and being a communist.<Ref name=Taylor2007/>

While in the U.S., Nhất Hạnh visited Gethsemani Abbey to speak with the Trappist monk Thomas Merton.<ref name="talking">{{Cite web|last=Zahn|first=Max|date=30 September 2015|title=Talking Buddha, Talking Christ|url=https://tricycle.org/trikedaily/talking-buddha-talking-christ/|access-date=29 January 2022|publisher=Tricycle: The Buddhist Review|archive-date=30 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220130010743/https://tricycle.org/trikedaily/talking-buddha-talking-christ/|url-status=live}}</ref> When the South Vietnamese regime threatened to block Nhất Hạnh's reentry to the country, Merton wrote an essay of solidarity, "Nhat Hanh is my Brother".<ref name="talking" /> In 1964, after the publication of his famous poem, ''"whoever is listening, be my witness: I cannot accept this war..."'', Nhất Hạnh was labeled an "antiwar poet" and denounced as a "pro-Communist propagandist" by the American press.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Mydans|first=Seth|date=21 January 2022|title=Thich Nhat Hanh, Monk, Zen Master and Activist, Dies at 95|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/21/world/asia/thich-nhat-hanh-dead.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121210612/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/21/world/asia/thich-nhat-hanh-dead.html|archive-date=21 January 2022|website={{wipe|The New York Times}}}}</ref> In 1965 he had written [[Biography:Martin Luther King Jr.|Martin Luther King Jr.]] a letter titled "In Search of the Enemy of Man".<ref name="letter">{{Cite web|date=11 January 2017|title=When Giants Meet|url=https://thichnhathanhfoundation.org/blog/2017/8/9/when-giants-meet|access-date=22 March 2021|archive-date=24 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224103015/https://thichnhathanhfoundation.org/blog/2017/8/9/when-giants-meet|url-status=live}} Thich Nhat Hanh Foundation.</ref> During his 1966 stay in the U.S., Nhất Hạnh met King and urged him to publicly denounce the Vietnam War.<ref name="Saigon: La Boi">{{Cite web |date=1965 |title=Searching for the Enemy of Man" in Nhat Nanh, Ho Huu Tuong, Tam Ich, Bui Giang, Pham Cong Thien |url=http://www.aavw.org/protest/king_journey_abstract09.html |access-date=13 September 2010 |website=Dialogue |publisher=Saigon: La Boi |pages=11–20 |archive-date=27 October 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061027000000/https://web.archive.org/web/20061027112237/http://www.aavw.org/protest/king_journey_abstract09.html |url-status=live }}, Archived on the African-American Involvement in the Vietnam War website</ref> In 1967, King gave the speech "Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence" at Riverside Church in New York City, his first to publicly question U.S. involvement in Vietnam.<ref name="Speech made by Martin Luther King, Jr. at the Riverside Church, NYC">{{Cite web|last=Speech made by Martin Luther King, Jr. at the Riverside Church, NYC|date=4 April 1967|title=Beyond Vietnam|url=http://www.aavw.org/special_features/speeches_speech_king01.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030510192134/http://www.aavw.org/special_features/speeches_speech_king01.html|archive-date=10 May 2003|access-date=13 September 2010}}</ref> Later that year, King nominated Nhất Hạnh for the 1967 Nobel Peace Prize. In his nomination, King said, "I do not personally know of anyone more worthy of the Nobel Peace Prize than this gentle monk from Vietnam. His ideas for peace, if applied, would build a monument to ecumenism, to world brotherhood, to humanity".<ref name="nomination">{{Cite web |last=King |first=Martin Luther Jr. |date=25 January 1967 |title=Nomination of Thich Nhat Hanh for the Nobel Peace Prize |url=http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/45a/025.html |access-date=13 September 2010 |publisher=Archived on the Hartford Web Publishing website |medium=Letter |archive-date=25 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225113106/http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/45a/025.html |url-status=live }}</ref> King also called Nhất Hạnh "an apostle of peace and non-violence".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Pearson|first=James|date=25 January 2022|title=Thich Nhat Hanh, poetic peace activist and master of mindfulness, dies at 95|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/thich-nhat-hanh-poetic-peace-activist-master-mindfulness-dies-95-2022-01-21/|access-date=30 January 2022}}</ref> King had revealed the candidate he had chosen to nominate with a "strong request" to the prize committee, in sharp violation of Nobel traditions and protocol.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Facts on the Nobel Peace Prize |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/shortfacts.html |quote=The names of the nominees cannot be revealed until 50 years later, but the Nobel Peace Prize committee does reveal the number of nominees each year. |access-date=24 June 2010 |archive-date=17 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517134154/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/shortfacts.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nomination Process |url=http://nobelprize.org/nomination/peace/process.html |quote=The statutes of the Nobel Foundation restrict disclosure of information about the nominations, whether publicly or privately, for 50 years. The restriction concerns the nominees and nominators, as well as investigations and opinions related to the award of a prize. |access-date=24 June 2010 |archive-date=11 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811150200/https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/peace/process.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The committee did not make an award that year.<ref name=":2" />

====Refuge in France====
Nhất Hạnh moved to Paris in 1966.<ref name="lionsroar" /> He became the chair of the Vietnamese Buddhist Peace Delegation.<ref name="lionsroar" /> 

In 1969, Nhất Hạnh established the Unified Buddhist Church (Église Bouddhique Unifiée) in France (not a part of the Unified Buddhist Church of Vietnam). In 1975, he formed the Sweet Potatoes Meditation Centre at Fontvannes, in the Foret d’Othe, near Troyes in Aube province southeast of Paris.<ref name=Taylor2007/> For the next seven years, he focused on writing, and completed ''The Miracle of Mindfulness'', ''The Moon Bamboo'', and ''The Sun My Heart''.<ref name=Taylor2007/> 

Nhất Hạnh began teaching mindfulness in the mid-1970s with his books, particularly ''The Miracle of Mindfulness'' (1975), serving as the main vehicle for his early teachings.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Schedneck|first=Brooke|date=18 March 2019|title=Thich Nhat Hanh, the Buddhist monk who introduced mindfulness to the West, prepares to die|url=http://theconversation.com/thich-nhat-hanh-the-buddhist-monk-who-introduced-mindfulness-to-the-west-prepares-to-die-111142|access-date=30 January 2022|website=The Conversation|language=en}}</ref> In an interview for On Being, he said that ''The Miracle of Mindfulness'' was "written for our social workers, first, in Vietnam, because they were living in a situation where the danger of dying was there every day. So out of compassion, out of a willingness to help them to continue their work, ''The Miracle of Mindfulness'' was written as a manual practice. And after that, many friends in the West, they think that it is helpful for them, so we allow it to be translated into English."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tippett|first=Krista|date=27 January 2022|orig-date=25 September 2003; original air date|others=Transcribed by Heather Wang|title=Remembering Thich Nhat Hanh, Brother Thay: 2003 Interview Transcript|url=https://onbeing.org/programs/remembering-thich-nhat-hanh-brother-thay/|access-date=31 January 2022|website=The On Being Project|language=en-US}}</ref>

====Campaign to help boat people and expulsion from Singapore====
When the North Vietnamese army took control of the south in 1975, Nhất Hạnh was denied permission to return to Vietnam,<ref name="lionsroar" /> and the communist government banned his publications.<ref name="Taylor2007" /> He soon began to lead efforts to help rescue Vietnamese boat people in the Gulf of Siam,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Steinfels|first=Peter|date=19 September 1993|title=At a Retreat, a Zen Monk Plants the Seeds of Peace|work={{wipe|The New York Times}}|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/09/19/us/at-a-retreat-a-zen-monk-plants-the-seeds-of-peace.html|url-status=live|access-date=13 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180814005027/https://www.nytimes.com/1993/09/19/us/at-a-retreat-a-zen-monk-plants-the-seeds-of-peace.html|archive-date=14 August 2018}}</ref> eventually stopping under pressure from the governments of Thailand and Singapore.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Thich Nhat Hanh|url=http://www.integrativespirituality.org/postnuke/html/modules.php?op=modload&name=Sections&file=index&req=printpage&artid=308|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070522171810/http://www.integrativespirituality.org/postnuke/html/modules.php?op=modload&name=Sections&file=index&req=printpage&artid=308|archive-date=22 May 2007|access-date=13 September 2010|publisher=Integrative Spirituality}}</ref>

Recounting his experience years later, Nhất Hạnh said he was in Singapore attending a conference on religion and peace when he discovered the plight of the suffering of the boat people:<ref name=":6" /><blockquote>So many boat people were dying in the ocean, and Singapore had a very harsh policy on the boat people… The policy of Singapore at that time was to reject the boat people; Malaysia, also. They preferred to have the boat people die in the ocean rather than to bring them to land and make them into prisoners. Every time there was a boat with the boat people [that came] to the shore, they tried to push them [back] out into the sea in order [for them] to die. They didn't want to host [them]. And those fishermen who had compassion, who were able to save the boat people from drowning in the sea, were punished. They had to pay a very huge sum of money so that next time they won't have the courage to save the boat people.</blockquote>He stayed on in Singapore to organise a secret rescue operation. Aided by concerned individuals from France, the Netherlands, and other European countries, he hired a boat to bring food, water and medicine to refugees in the sea. Sympathetic fishermen who had rescued boat people would call up his team, and they shuttled the refugees to the French embassy in the middle of the night and helped them climb into the compound, before they were discovered by staff in the morning and handed over to the police where they were placed in the relative safety of detention. 

When the Singapore government discovered the clandestine network, the police surrounded its office and impounded the passports of both Nhất Hạnh and Chân Không, giving them 24 hours to leave the country. It was only with the intervention of the then-French ambassador to Singapore Jacques Gasseau that they were given 10 days to wind down their rescue operations.

Nhất Hạnh was only allowed to return to Singapore in 2010 to lead a meditation retreat at the Kong Meng San Phor Kark See Monastery.

===Plum Village===
In 1982, Nhất Hạnh and Chân Không established the [[Unsolved:Plum Village Monastery|Plum Village Monastery]], a [[Philosophy:Vihara|vihara]]{{efn-ua|Buddhist monastery and Zen center; a secluded retreat originally intended for wandering monks}} in the Dordogne near [[Earth:Bordeaux|Bordeaux]] in southern France.<ref name="BBC">{{Cite web|date=4 April 2006|title=Religion & Ethics – Thich Nhat Hanh|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/buddhism/people/thichnhathanh.shtml|access-date=16 June 2013|publisher=BBC|archive-date=3 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303173028/https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/buddhism/people/thichnhathanh.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> Plum Village is the largest Buddhist monastery in Europe and America, with over 200 monastics and over 10,000 visitors a year.<ref>Knibbe, Guido (2020). [https://studenttheses.universiteitleiden.nl/access/item%3A3188291/view "Meeting Life in Plum Village – Engaging With Precarity and Progress in a Meditation Center"]. Cultural Anthropology and Development Sociology</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Plum Village |url=https://plumvillage.org/about/plum-village/ |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=Plum Village |language=en-US}}</ref>

The [[Unsolved:Plum Village Community of Engaged Buddhism|Plum Village Community of Engaged Buddhism]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Plum Village Community of Engaged Buddhism Inc. Web Site |url=http://www.pvengagedbuddhism.org/ |access-date=16 December 2018 |archive-date=14 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181014190855/http://www.pvengagedbuddhism.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref> (formerly the Unified Buddhist Church) and its sister organization in France, the Congrégation Bouddhique Zen Village des Pruniers, are the legally recognized governing bodies of Plum Village in France.

====Expanded practice centres====
[[File:Deer Park Monastery4.jpg|thumb|Deer Park Monastery in California]]
By 2019, Nhất Hạnh had built a network of monasteries and retreat centres in several countries,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Barclay|first=Eliza|date=11 March 2019|title=Thich Nhat Hanh's final mindfulness lesson: How to die peacefully|url=https://www.vox.com/2019/3/11/18196457/thich-nhat-hanh-health-mindfulness-plum-village|access-date=31 January 2022|website=Vox|language=en}}</ref> including France, the U.S., Australia, Thailand, Vietnam, and Hong Kong.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2-1lDwAAQBAJ&dq=plumvillage+largest+monastic+order+in+the+west&pg=PA345|title=Handbook of Ethical Foundations of Mindfulness|publisher=Springer|year=2018|isbn=9783319765389|editor-last=Stanley|editor-first=Steven|series=Mindfulness in Behavioral Health|pages=345|editor-last2=Purser|editor-first2=Ronald E.|editor-last3=Singh|editor-first3=Nirbhay N.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Plum Village Practice Centers|url=https://plumvillage.org/monastic-practice-centres/|access-date=31 January 2022|website=Plum Village|language=en-US}}</ref> Additional practice centres and associated organizations Nhất Hạnh and the Order of Interbeing established in the US include [[Unsolved:Blue Cliff Monastery|Blue Cliff Monastery]] in Pine Bush, New York; the [[Unsolved:Community of Mindful Living|Community of Mindful Living]] in Berkeley, California; Parallax Press; [[Unsolved:Deer Park Monastery|Deer Park Monastery]] (Tu Viện Lộc Uyển), established in 2000<ref name=":3" /> in Escondido, California; Magnolia Grove Monastery (Đạo Tràng Mộc Lan) in Batesville, Mississippi; and the European Institute of Applied Buddhism in Waldbröl, Germany.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Information about Practice Centers from the official Community of Mindful Living site |url=http://www.iamhome.org/community.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130224034810/http://www.iamhome.org/community.php |archive-date=24 February 2013 |access-date=9 March 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=webteam |title=About the European Institute of Applied Buddhism |url=http://eiab.eu/about/ |access-date=18 March 2013 |archive-date=12 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130312091845/http://eiab.eu/about/ |url-status=live }}</ref> (The Maple Forest Monastery (Tu Viện Rừng Phong) and Green Mountain Dharma Center (Ðạo Tràng Thanh Sơn) in Vermont closed in 2007 and moved to the Blue Cliff Monastery in Pine Bush.) The monasteries, open to the public during much of the year, provide ongoing retreats for laypeople, while the Order of Interbeing holds retreats for specific groups of laypeople, such as families, teenagers, military veterans, the entertainment industry, members of Congress, law enforcement officers and people of colour.<ref name="deerparkmonastery.org">{{Cite web |title=A Practice Center in the Tradition of Thich Nhat Hanh |url=http://www.deerparkmonastery.org |website=deerparkmonastery.org |access-date=7 July 2006 |archive-date=15 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115025648/http://deerparkmonastery.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 May 2013 |title=Article: ''Thich Nhat Hahn Leads Retreat for Members of Congress'' (2004) Faith and Politics Institute website |url=http://www.faithandpolitics.org/?q=thich_nhat |access-date=16 June 2013 |publisher=Faithandpolitics.org |archive-date=25 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225195716/https://www.faithandpolitics.org/?q=thich_nhat |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bures|first=Frank|date=25 September 2003|title=Zen and the Art of Law Enforcement|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/2003/0925/p15s01-lire.html|journal=Christian Science Monitor|access-date=16 June 2013|archive-date=11 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211214713/https://www.csmonitor.com/2003/0925/p15s01-lire.html|url-status=live}}</ref> 

According to the Thích Nhất Hạnh Foundation, the charitable organization that serves as the Plum Village Community of Engaged Buddhism's fundraising arm, as of 2017 the monastic order Nhất Hạnh established comprises over 750 monastics in 9 monasteries worldwide.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2016–2017 Annual Highlights from the Thich Nhat Hanh Foundation |url=https://thichnhathanhfoundation.app.box.com/s/7o2wr56tk3xi9psl4id6zaapwux8gtqn/ |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-date=24 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224175409/https://thichnhathanhfoundation.app.box.com/s/7o2wr56tk3xi9psl4id6zaapwux8gtqn/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Nhất Hạnh established two monasteries in Vietnam, at the original Từ Hiếu Temple near [[Place:Huế|Huế]] and at Prajna Temple in the central highlands.

===Writings===
Nhất Hạnh has published over 130 books, including more than 100 in English, which as of January 2019 had sold over five million copies worldwide.<ref name=af>{{Cite magazine |author=Fitzpatrick, Aidyn |title=The Father of Mindfulness Awaits the End of This Life |url=http://time.com/5511729/monk-mindfulness-art-of-dying/ |magazine=Time |date=24 January 2019 |accessdate=24 January 2022 |archive-date=9 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209034726/https://time.com/5511729/monk-mindfulness-art-of-dying/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2019 |title=Thich Nhat Hanh |url=https://plumvillage.org/about/thich-nhat-hanh/biography/ |website=Plum Village |access-date=29 January 2019 |archive-date=30 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130000137/https://plumvillage.org/about/thich-nhat-hanh/biography/ |url-status=live }}</ref> His books, which cover topics including spiritual guides and Buddhist texts, teachings on mindfulness, poetry, story collections, and scholarly essays on Zen practice,<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5" /> have been translated into more than 40 languages as of January 2022.<ref name=":4" /> In 1986 Nhất Hạnh founded Parallax Press, a [[Engineering:Nonprofit organization|nonprofit]] book publisher and part of the [[Unsolved:Plum Village Community of Engaged Buddhism|Plum Village Community of Engaged Buddhism]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.parallax.org/about/|title=About – Parallax Press|website=www.parallax.org|date=7 May 2015|language=en-US|access-date=16 December 2017}}</ref>

During his long exile, Nhất Hạnh's books were often smuggled into Vietnam, where they had been banned.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news|last=Schudel|first=Matt|date=22 January 2022|title=Thich Nhat Hanh, Buddhist monk who sought peace and mindfulness, dies at 95|newspaper=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/obituaries/2022/01/22/thich-nhat-hanh-monk-dead/|access-date=25 January 2022|archive-date=30 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220130010758/https://www.washingtonpost.com/obituaries/2022/01/22/thich-nhat-hanh-monk-dead/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Later activism===
In 2014, major Jewish, Muslim, Hindu, Buddhist, Anglican, Catholic and Orthodox Christian leaders met to sign a shared commitment against modern-day slavery; the declaration they signed called for the elimination of slavery and human trafficking by 2020. Nhất Hạnh was represented by Chân Không.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Belardelli|first=Guilia|date=2 December 2014|title=Pope Francis And Other Religious Leaders Sign Declaration Against Modern Slavery|url=http://m.huffpost.com/us/entry/6256640|website=The Huffington Post|access-date=5 December 2014|archive-date=14 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614085237/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/pope-francis-and-other-re_n_6256640|url-status=live}}</ref>

Nhất Hạnh was known to [[Philosophy:Veganism|refrain from consuming animal products]] as a means of nonviolence toward animals.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joan Halifax, Thích Nhất Hạnh |year=2004 |title=The Fruitful Darkness: A Journey Through Buddhist Practice and Tribal Wisdom |url=http://www.goodreads.com/quotes/523094-being-vegetarian-here-also-means-that-we-do-not-consume |access-date=3 December 2013 |publisher=Grove Press |quote=Being vegetarian here also means that we do not consume dairy and egg products, because they are products of the meat industry. If we stop consuming, they will stop producing. |archive-date=6 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206085855/http://www.goodreads.com/quotes/523094-being-vegetarian-here-also-means-that-we-do-not-consume |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=March 2010 |title="Oprah Talks to Thich Nhat Hanh" from "O, The Oprah Magazine" |url=http://www.oprah.com/spirit/Oprah-Talks-to-Thich-Nhat-Hanh |access-date=3 December 2013 |archive-date=2 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102221245/http://www.oprah.com/spirit/Oprah-Talks-to-Thich-Nhat-Hanh |url-status=live }}</ref>

Christiana Figueres has said that Nhất Hạnh helped her overcome a personal crisis and develop the deep listening and empathy required to facilitate the Paris Agreement on [[Earth:Climate change|climate change]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-17 |title=Being the Change We Want to See in the World: A Conversation with Christiana Figueres (Episode #21) |url=https://plumvillage.org/podcast/being-the-change-we-want-to-see-in-the-world-a-conversation-with-christiana-figueres-episode-21/ |access-date=2023-02-15 |website=Plum Village |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Relations with Vietnamese governments==
Nhất Hạnh's relationship with the government of Vietnam varied over the years. He stayed away from politics, but did not support the South Vietnamese government's policies of Catholicization. He questioned American involvement, putting him at odds with the Saigon leadership,<ref name="Saigon: La Boi" /><ref name="Speech made by Martin Luther King, Jr. at the Riverside Church, NYC" /> which banned him from returning to South Vietnam while he was abroad in 1966.<ref name=time/>

His relationship with the communist government ruling Vietnam was tense due to its atheism. The communist government viewed him with skepticism, distrusted his work with the overseas Vietnamese population, and restricted his praying requiem on several occasions.<ref name="time2" /> 

===Return visits to Vietnam 2005–2007===
In 2005, after lengthy negotiations, the Vietnamese government allowed Nhất Hạnh to return for a visit. He was also allowed to teach there, publish four of his books in Vietnamese, and travel the country with monastic and lay members of his Order, including a return to his root temple, Tu Hieu Temple in Huế.<ref name="time">{{Cite news |last=Johnson, Kay |date=16 January 2005 |title=A Long Journey Home |work=Time Asia (online version) |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,501050124-1018137,00.html |url-status=dead |access-date=13 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311144522/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,501050124-1018137,00.html |archive-date=11 March 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Warth, Gary |year=2005 |title=Local Buddhist Monks Return to Vietnam as Part of Historic Trip |url=http://www.buddhistchannel.tv/index.php?id=2,627,0,0,1,0 |access-date=13 September 2010 |publisher=North County Times (re-published on the Buddhist Channel news website) |archive-date=27 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227233033/https://www.buddhistchannel.tv/index.php?id=2,627,0,0,1,0 |url-status=live }}</ref> Nhất Hạnh arrived on 12 January after 39 years in exile.<ref name=Taylor2007/> The trip was not without controversy. Thich Vien Dinh, writing on behalf of the banned Unified Buddhist Church of Vietnam (UBCV), called for Nhất Hạnh to make a statement against the Vietnamese government's poor record on religious freedom. Vien Dinh feared that the government would use the trip as propaganda, suggesting that religious freedom is improving there, while abuses continue.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2005 |title=Buddhist monk requests Thich Nhat Hanh to see true situation in Vietnam |url=http://www.buddhistchannel.tv/index.php?id=1,686,0,0,1,0 |access-date=13 September 2010 |website=Letter from Thich Vien Dinh as reported by the Buddhist Channel news website |publisher=Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, 2005 |archive-date=25 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225024929/https://www.buddhistchannel.tv/index.php?id=1,686,0,0,1,0 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=8 November 2005|year=2005|title=Vietnam: International Religious Freedom Report|url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2005/51535.htm|access-date=13 September 2010|website=|publisher=U.S. State Department: Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor|archive-date=25 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225093912/https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2005/51535.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Kenneth Roth |last2=executive director |year=1995 |title=Vietnam: The Suppression of the Unified Buddhist Church |url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/1995/Vietnam.htm |access-date=13 September 2010 |website=Vol.7, No.4 |publisher=Human Rights Watch |archive-date=8 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308132625/https://www.hrw.org/reports/1995/Vietnam.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{multiple image
 | align = right
 | direction = vertical
 | width = 220
 | image1 = Thich Nhat Hanh.JPG
 | image2 = Thich Nhat Hanh in Vietnam 2.jpg
 | footer = Thích Nhất Hạnh during his 2007 trip to Vietnam
}}
Despite the controversy, Nhất Hạnh returned to Vietnam in 2007, while the heads of the UBCV, Thich Huyen Quang and Thich Quang Do, remained under house arrest. The UBCV called his visit a betrayal, symbolizing his willingness to work with his co-religionists' oppressors. Võ Văn Ái, a UBCV spokesman, said, "I believe Thích Nhất Hạnh's trip is manipulated by the Hanoi government to hide its repression of the Unified Buddhist Church and create a false impression of religious freedom in Vietnam."<ref name="time2" /> The Plum Village website listed three goals for his 2007 trip to Vietnam: to support new monastics in his Order; to organize and conduct "Great Chanting Ceremonies" intended to help heal remaining wounds from the Vietnam War; and to lead retreats for monastics and laypeople. The chanting ceremonies were originally called "Grand Requiem for Praying Equally for All to Untie the Knots of Unjust Suffering", but Vietnamese officials objected, calling it unacceptable for the government to "equally" pray for South Vietnamese and U.S. soldiers. Nhất Hạnh agreed to change the name to "Grand Requiem For Praying".<ref name="time2">{{Cite news |last=Johnson, Kay |date=2 March 2007 |title=The Fighting Monks of Vietnam |publisher=Time Magazine |url=http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1595721,00.html |access-date=13 September 2010 |archive-date=22 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022164716/http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1595721,00.html |url-status=live }}</ref> During the 2007 visit, Nhất Hạnh suggested ending government control of religion to President Nguyen Minh Triet.<ref name="tensions_rise" >{{Cite web
  | last = Ben
  | first = Stocking
  | title = Tensions rise as police question monk's followers
  | publisher = Associated Press
  | date = 22 September 2006
| url = https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/1063352
  | accessdate = 3 October 2009
| archive-date = 23 January 2022
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220123123245/https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/1063352
  | url-status = live
  }}</ref> A provincial [[Social:Police officer|police officer]] later spoke to a reporter about this incident, accusing Nhất Hạnh of breaking Vietnamese law. The officer said, "[Nhất Hạnh] should focus on Buddhism and keep out of politics."<ref name="v_dispute" />

During the 2005 visit, Nhất Hạnh 's followers were invited by Abbot Duc Nghi, a member of the official Buddhist Sangha of Vietnam, to occupy Bat Nha monastery and continue their practice there.<ref name="v_dispute">{{Cite web
  | first = Ben
  | last = Stocking
  | title = Vietnam's Dispute With Zen Master Turns Violent
  | publisher = Associated Press
  | date = 1 August 2009
| url = https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/1020006
  | accessdate = 4 October 2009
| archive-date = 23 January 2022
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220123123352/https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/1020006
  | url-status = live
  }}</ref> Nhất Hạnh's followers say that during a sacred ceremony at [[Unsolved:Plum Village Monastery|Plum Village Monastery]] in 2006, Nghi received a [[Philosophy:Dharma transmission|transmission]] from Nhất Hạnh and agreed to let them occupy Bat Nha.<ref name="tensions_rise" /> Nhất Hạnh's followers spent $1 million developing the monastery, building a meditation hall for 1,800 people.<ref name="v_dispute" /> The government support initially given to his supporters is now believed to have been a ploy to get Vietnam off the US State Department's Religious Freedom blacklist, improve chances of entry into the [[Organization:World Trade Organization|World Trade Organization]], and increase [[Finance:Foreign direct investment|foreign investment]].<ref name="police_target">{{Cite web|last=McCurry|first=Justin|date=2 October 2009|title=Vietnamese riot police target Buddhist monk's followers|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/oct/02/vietnam-police-buddhist-monks-nuns|website=The Guardian|publisher=|accessdate=3 October 2009|archive-date=8 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908050638/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/oct/02/vietnam-police-buddhist-monks-nuns|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2008, during an interview in Italian television, Nhất Hạnh made some statements regarding the Dalai Lama that his followers claim upset Chinese officials, who in turn put pressure on the Vietnamese government. The chairman of Vietnam's national Committee on Religious Affairs sent a letter that accused Nhat Hanh's organization of publishing false information about Vietnam on its website. It was written that the posted information misrepresented Vietnam's policies on religion and could undermine national unity. The chairman requested that Nhất Hạnh's followers leave Bat Nha. The letter also stated that Abbot Duc Nghi wanted them to leave.<ref name="v_dispute" /> "Duc Nghi is breaking a vow that he made to us... We have videotapes of him inviting us to turn the monastery into a place for worship in the Plum Village tradition, even after he dies — life after life. Nobody can go against that wish," said Brother Phap Kham.<ref name="tensions_rise" /> In September and October 2009, a standoff developed, which ended when authorities cut the power, and followed up with police raids augmented by mobs assembled through gang contacts. The attackers used sticks and hammers to break in and dragged off hundreds of monks and nuns.<ref name=police_target/><ref name="monks_driven">{{Cite web
  | first = Thanh
  | last = Truc
  | title = Monks Driven from Monastery
  | publisher = Radio Free Asia
  | date = 29 September 2009
| url = http://www.rfa.org/english/news/vietnam/monkschased-09282009160314.html
  | accessdate = 3 October 2009
| archive-date = 1 October 2009
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091001135804/http://www.rfa.org/english/news/vietnam/monkschased-09282009160314.html/
  | url-status = live
  }}</ref> "Senior monks were dragged like animals out of their rooms, then left sitting in the rain until police dragged them to the taxis where ‘black society’ bad guys pushed them into cars," a villager said in a phone interview.<ref name="monks_driven" /> Two senior monks had their IDs taken and were put under house arrest without charges in their home towns.<ref name="monks_driven" />

==Religious approach and influence ==
{{Main|Unsolved:Plum Village Tradition}}
[[File:Rewata Dhamma, Sangharakshita, Thich Nhat Hanh.jpg|thumb|Rewata Dhamma, Sangharakshita, and Nhất Hạnh ''(l-r)'' in Berlin, 1992]]

=== Engaged Buddhism ===
Nhất Hạnh combined a variety of teachings of Early Buddhist schools, [[Philosophy:Mahayana|Mahayana]], [[Philosophy:Zen|Zen]], and ideas from Western psychology to teach mindfulness of breathing and the four foundations of mindfulness, offering a modern perspective on meditation practice. 

Nhất Hạnh has also been a leader in the [[Unsolved:Engaged Buddhism|Engaged Buddhism]] movement<ref name="mindfulnessbell" /> (he is credited with coining the term<ref>{{Cite web |last=Duerr |first=Maia |date=26 March 2010 |title=An Introduction to Engaged Buddhism |url=http://www.pbs.org/thebuddha/blog/2010/Mar/26/introduction-engaged-buddhism-maia-duerr/ |access-date=14 August 2018 |publisher=PBS |archive-date=14 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180814200925/http://www.pbs.org/thebuddha/blog/2010/Mar/26/introduction-engaged-buddhism-maia-duerr/ |url-status=live }}</ref>), promoting the individual's active role in creating change. He credited the 13th-century Vietnamese Emperor Trần Nhân Tông with originating the concept. Trần Nhân Tông abdicated his throne to become a monk and founded the Vietnamese Buddhist school of the Bamboo Forest tradition.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Hunt-Perry |first1=Patricia |title=Engaged Buddhism in the West |last2=Fine |first2=Lyn |publisher=Wisdom Publications |year=2000 |isbn=978-0861711598 |editor-last=Queen |editor-first=Christopher S. |pages=36–37 |chapter=All Buddhism is Engaged: Thich Nhat Hanh and the Order of Interbeing}}</ref> He also called it Applied Buddhism in later years to emphasize its practical nature.

=== Mindfulness Trainings ===
Nhất Hạnh rephrased the [[Philosophy:Five precepts|five precepts]] for lay Buddhists, which were traditionally written in terms of refraining from negative activities, such as committing to taking positive action to prevent or minimize others' negative actions. For example, instead of merely refraining from stealing, Nhất Hạnh wrote, "prevent others from profiting from human suffering or the suffering of other species on Earth" by, for example, taking action against unfair practices or unsafe workplaces.<ref name="k2627">King, pp. 26–27.</ref> 

According to Plum Village, Manifesto 2000, introduced by UNESCO, was largely inspired by their five mindfulness trainings.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manifesto 2000: Creating a Culture of Peace and Nonviolence |url=https://plumvillage.app/manifesto-2000-creating-a-culture-of-peace-and-nonviolence/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209044609/https://plumvillage.app/manifesto-2000-creating-a-culture-of-peace-and-nonviolence/ |archive-date=9 Dec 2023 |website=Plum Village App}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Information kit on the Global Movement for The International Year for the Culture of Peace: peace is in our hands |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000115938 |website=UNESCO Digital Library}}</ref> In keeping with the nothern tradition of Bodhisattva precepts, Nhất Hạnh wrote the fourteen mindfulness trainings for the Order of Interbeing based on the ten deeds.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nhat Hanh |first=Thich |title=Interbeing: The 14 Mindfulness Trainings of Engaged Buddhism |publisher=Parallax Press |year=2020}}</ref> He also updated the [[Biology:Dharmaguptaka|Dharmaguptaka]] Vinaya for Plum Village monastics while keeping its number of rules, 250 for monks and 348 for nuns.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nhat Hanh |first=Thich |url=https://terebess.hu/zen/mesterek/Thich%20Nhat%20Hanh%20-%20Freedom%20Wherever%20We%20Go.pdf |title=Freedom Wherever We Go: A Buddhist Monastic Code for the 21st Century |publisher=Parallax Press |year=2004}}</ref>

=== Interbeing ===
Nhất Hạnh developed the English term "[[Philosophy:Interbeing|interbeing]]" by combining the prefix "inter-" with the verb "to be" to denote the interconnection of all phenomena.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nhat Hanh |first=Thich |url=https://terebess.hu/zen/mesterek/Thich%20Nhat%20Hanh%20-%20The%20Heart%20of%20Understanding.pdf |title=The Heart of Understanding: Commentaries on the Prajnaparamita Heart Sutra |publisher=Parallax Press |year=1988 |chapter=Interbeing}}</ref> This was inspired by the Chinese word 相即 in Master Fa Zang's "Golden Lion Chapter",<ref>{{Cite web |title=Con sư tử vàng của thầy Pháp Tạng |url=https://langmai.org/tang-kinh-cac/vien-sach/giang-kinh/con-su-tu-vang-cua-thay-phap-tang/ |website=Lang Mai}}</ref> a [[Philosophy:Huayan|Huayan]] summary of the Avatamsaka Sutra. Some scholars believed it was a presentation of the [[Philosophy:Prajnaparamita|Prajnaparamita]], which "is often said to provide a philosophical foundation" for Zen.<ref>{{Cite book |last=McMahan |first=David L. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/299382315 |title=The making of Buddhist modernism |date=2008 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-972029-3 |location=Oxford |page=158 |oclc=299382315 |access-date=2 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220130010747/https://www.worldcat.org/title/making-of-buddhist-modernism/oclc/299382315 |archive-date=30 January 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Paul |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/417575036 |title=Mahāyāna Buddhism : the doctrinal foundations |date=2009 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-35652-7 |page=144 |oclc=417575036 |access-date=2 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220130010749/https://www.worldcat.org/title/mahayana-buddhism-the-doctrinal-foundations/oclc/417575036 |archive-date=30 January 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nhất Hạnh was also known for expressing deep teachings through simple phrases or parables. "The sun my heart", for instance, was an insight of meditation on the interdependence of all things. He used "no mud no lotus" to illustrate the interrelationship between awakening and afflictions, well-being and ill-being. "A cloud never dies", on the other hand, is a contemplation of phenomena beyond birth and death. To teach non-duality, he often told the story of his left and right hand. His meditation on aimlessness (''apranihita'') was told through the story of a river. The relationship between waves and water explained the Dharma Realm of Unobstructed Interpenetration of Truth and Phenomena.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nhat Hanh |first=Thich |title=The Sun My Heart |publisher=Parallax Press}}</ref>
=== A new translation of the ''Heart Sutra'' ===
Nhất Hạnh completed new English and Vietnamese translations of the Heart Sutra in September 2014.<ref name="heartsutra">{{Cite web |date=13 September 2014 |title=New Heart Sutra translation by Thich Nhat Hanh |url=https://plumvillage.org/news/thich-nhat-hanh-new-heart-sutra-translation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128025002/https://plumvillage.org/news/thich-nhat-hanh-new-heart-sutra-translation/ |archive-date=28 January 2019 |access-date=29 January 2019 |publisher=Plum Village Web Site}}</ref> In a letter to his students,<ref name="heartsutra" /> he said he wrote these new translations because he thought that poor word choices in the original text had resulted in significant misunderstandings of these teachings for almost 2,000 years.<ref name="heartsutra" />

=== Manifestation-Only Teaching ===
Continuing the [[Philosophy:Yogachara|Yogācāra]] and Dharmalaksana school, Nhất Hạnh composed the "fifty verses on the nature of consciousness". He preferred calling the teaching manifestation-only (vijnapti-matrata) rather than consciousness-only (vijnana-matrata) to avoid misintepretation into a kind of idealism.

[[File:Thich Nhat Hanh2.jpg|thumb|Thích Nhất Hạnh in Vught, the Netherlands, 2006]]

=== The Father of Mindfulness ===
Called "the Father of Mindfulness",<ref name="mb" /> Nhất Hạnh has been credited as one of the main figures in bringing Buddhism to the West, and especially for making mindfulness well known in the West.<ref name="fr">{{cite news|date=22 January 2022|title=Buddhist monk who brought mindfulness to West dies in Vietnam|work=France24|publisher=Agence France-Presse|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220122-buddhist-monk-who-brought-mindfulness-to-west-dies-in-vietnam|access-date=25 January 2022|archive-date=24 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124075945/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220122-buddhist-monk-who-brought-mindfulness-to-west-dies-in-vietnam|url-status=live}}</ref> According to James Shaheen, the editor of the American Buddhist magazine ''Tricycle: The Buddhist Review'', "In the West, he's an icon. I can't think of a Western Buddhist who does not know of Thich Nhất Hạnh."<ref name="time" /> His 1975 book ''The Miracle of Mindfulness'' was credited with helping to "lay the foundations" for the use of mindfulness in treating depression through "mindfulness-based cognitive therapy", influencing the work of University of Washington psychology professor Marsha M. Linehan, the originator of [[Social:Dialectical behavior therapy|dialectical behavior therapy]] (DBT).<ref name="mb">{{cite news|last=Bryant|first=Miranda|date=22 January 2022|title=From MLK to Silicon Valley, how the world fell for 'father of mindfulness'|work={{wipe|The Guardian}}|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jan/22/from-mlk-to-silicon-valley-how-the-world-fell-for-father-of-mindfulness|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122200253/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jan/22/from-mlk-to-silicon-valley-how-the-world-fell-for-father-of-mindfulness|archive-date=22 January 2022|accessdate=24 January 2022}}</ref> [[Biography:J. Mark G. Williams|J. Mark G. Williams]] of Oxford University and the Oxford Mindfulness Centre has said, "What he was able to do was to communicate the essentials of Buddhist wisdom and make it accessible to people all over the world, and build that bridge between the modern world of psychological science and the modern healthcare system and these ancient wisdom practices – and then he continued to do that in his teaching."<ref name="mb" /> One of Nhất Hạnh's students, Jon Kabat-Zinn, developed the [[Social:Mindfulness-based stress reduction|mindfulness-based stress reduction]] course that is available at hospitals and medical centres across the world,<ref name="af" /> and as of 2015, around 80% of medical schools are reported to have offered mindfulness training.<ref name="Buchholz">{{cite journal |author=Buchholz, Laura |date=Oct 2015 |title=Exploring the Promise of Mindfulness as Medicine |journal=JAMA |volume=314 |issue=13 |pages=1327–1329 |doi=10.1001/jama.2015.7023 |pmid=26441167}}</ref> As of 2019, it was reported that mindfulness as espoused by Nhất Hạnh had become the theoretical underpinning of a $1.1 billion industry in the U.S. One survey determined that 35% of employers used mindfulness in practices in the workplace.<ref name="af" />

=== Interfaith dialogue ===
Nhất Hạnh was known for his involvement in interfaith dialogue, which was not common when he began. He was noted for his friendships with [[Biography:Martin Luther King Jr.|Martin Luther King Jr.]] and Thomas Merton, and King wrote in his Nobel nomination for Nhất Hạnh, "His ideas for peace, if applied, would build a monument to ecumenism, to world brotherhood, to humanity".<ref name="ncr" /> Merton wrote an essay for ''Jubilee'' in August 1966 titled "Nhất Hạnh Is My Brother", in which he said, "I have far more in common with Nhất Hạnh than I have with many Americans, and I do not hesitate to say it. It is vitally important that such bonds be admitted. They are the bonds of a new solidarity ... which is beginning to be evident on all five continents and which cuts across all political, religious and cultural lines to unite young men and women in every country in something that is more concrete than an ideal and more alive than a program."<ref name="ncr" /> The same year, Nhất Hạnh met with Pope Paul VI and the pair called on Catholics and Buddhists to help bring about world peace, especially relating to the conflict in Vietnam.<ref name="ncr">{{cite news |title=Buddhist monk Thich Nhat Hanh, teacher of mindfulness and nonviolence, dies at age 95 |author=Fox, Thomas C. |url=https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/buddhist-monk-thich-nhat-hanh-teacher-mindfulness-and-nonviolence-dies-age-95 |work=National Catholic Reporter |date=22 January 2021 |accessdate=24 January 2021 |archive-date=22 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122001028/https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/buddhist-monk-thich-nhat-hanh-teacher-mindfulness-and-nonviolence-dies-age-95 |url-status=live }}</ref> According to Buddhism scholar Sallie B. King, Nhất Hạnh was "extremely skilled at expressing their teachings in the language of a kind of universal spirituality rather than a specifically Buddhist terminology. The language of this universal spirituality is the same as the basic values that they see expressed in other religions as well".<ref>{{Cite book|author=King|first=Sallie B.|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/book/8347|title=Socially Engaged Buddhism|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0-8248-3335-0|series=Dimensions of Asian Spirituality|pages=59}}</ref>

==Final years==
[[File:Thai plum village 01.jpg|thumb|upright=2|Nhất Hạnh with monks and nuns at the Plum Village in Thailand]]
In November 2014, Nhất Hạnh experienced a severe [[Medicine:Stroke#Hemorrhagic|brain hemorrhage]] and was hospitalized.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Beloved Teacher in Hospital |date=12 November 2014 |url=http://plumvillage.org/news/our-beloved-teacher-in-hospital/ |access-date=12 November 2014 |archive-date=29 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829143209/https://plumvillage.org/news/our-beloved-teacher-in-hospital/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 November 2014 |title=Thich Nhat Hanh Hospitalized for Severe Brain Hemorrhage |url=https://tricycle.org/trikedaily/thich-nhat-hanh-hospitalized-severe-brain-hemorrhage/ |access-date=13 November 2014 |publisher=Tricycle: The Buddhist Review |archive-date=14 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180814040002/https://tricycle.org/trikedaily/thich-nhat-hanh-hospitalized-severe-brain-hemorrhage/ |url-status=live }}</ref> After months of rehabilitation, he was released from the stroke rehabilitation clinic at Bordeaux Segalen University. In July 2015, he flew to San Francisco to speed his recovery with an aggressive rehabilitation program at UCSF Medical Center.<ref>{{Cite web |title=An Update on Thay's Health: 14th July 2015 |date=14 July 2015 |url=http://plumvillage.org/news/an-update-on-thays-health-14th-july-2015/ |access-date=14 July 2015 |publisher=[[Unsolved:Plum Village Monastery|Plum Village Monastery]] |archive-date=23 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190623073452/https://plumvillage.org/news/an-update-on-thays-health-14th-july-2015/ |url-status=live }}</ref> He returned to France in January 2016.<ref>{{Cite news |title=An Update on Thay's Health: 8th January 2016 |url=http://plumvillage.org/news/an-update-on-thays-health-8th-january-2016/ |access-date=11 March 2016 |archive-date=7 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307142311/http://plumvillage.org/news/an-update-on-thays-health-8th-january-2016/ |url-status=live }}</ref> After spending 2016 in France, Nhất Hạnh travelled to Thai Plum Village.<ref name="92birthday">{{Cite web|date=10 October 2018|title=On his 92nd birthday, a Thich Nhat Hanh post-stroke update|url=https://www.lionsroar.com/on-his-92nd-birthday-a-thich-nhat-hanh-post-stroke-update/|access-date=11 October 2018|publisher=Lion's Roar|archive-date=12 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181012014518/https://www.lionsroar.com/on-his-92nd-birthday-a-thich-nhat-hanh-post-stroke-update/|url-status=live}}</ref> He continued to see both Eastern and Western specialists while in Thailand,<ref name="92birthday" /> but was unable to verbally communicate for the remainder of his life.<ref name="92birthday" />

In November 2018, a press release from the Plum Village community confirmed that Nhất Hạnh, then 92, had returned to Vietnam a final time and would live at Từ Hiếu Temple for "his remaining days". In a meeting with senior disciples, he had "clearly communicated his wish to return to Vietnam using gestures, nodding and shaking his head in response to questions".<ref name=":0" /> In January 2019, a representative of Plum Village, Sister True Dedication, wrote:

{{blockquote|Thầy's health has been remarkably stable, and he is continuing to receive Eastern treatment and acupuncture. When there's a break in the rains, Thay comes outside to enjoy visiting the Root Temple's ponds and stupas, in his wheelchair, joined by his disciples. Many practitioners, lay and monastic, are coming to visit Tu Hieu, and there is a beautiful, light atmosphere of serenity and peace, as the community enjoys practicing together there in Thay's presence.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Littlefair |first=Sam |date=January 25, 2019 |title=Thich Nhat Hanh's health 'remarkably stable', despite report in TIME |url=https://www.lionsroar.com/despite-report-thich-nhat-hanhs-health-is-stable-and-he-continues-to-receive-treatment/ |access-date=August 21, 2019 |publisher=Lion's Roar |archive-date=August 21, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821143753/https://www.lionsroar.com/despite-report-thich-nhat-hanhs-health-is-stable-and-he-continues-to-receive-treatment/ |url-status=live }}</ref>}}

While it was clear Nhất Hạnh could no longer speak, Vietnamese authorities assigned plainclothes police to monitor his activities at the temple.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Thousands Mourn Passing Of Father Of Mindfulness|url=https://theaseanpost.com/article/thousands-mourn-passing-father-mindfulness|access-date=31 January 2022|website=The ASEAN Post {{!}} Your Gateway To Southeast Asia's Economy|language=en}}</ref>

===Death===
[[File:Verdelot monastère vietnamien P1070508.JPG|thumb|Altar of Thích Nhất Hạnh and his predecessors]]
Nhất Hạnh died at his residence in Từ Hiếu Temple on 22 January 2022, at age 95, as a result of complications from his [[Medicine:Stroke|stroke]] seven years earlier.<ref name=":2" /><ref name="auto"/><ref name=":4">{{Cite news|date=22 January 2022|title=Thich Nhat Hanh: 'Father of mindfulness' Buddhist monk dies aged 95|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-60092461|access-date=22 January 2022|archive-date=22 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122001627/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-60092461|url-status=live}}</ref> His death was widely mourned by various Buddhist groups in and outside Vietnam. The [[Biography:14th Dalai Lama|Dalai Lama]], South Korean President Moon Jae-in and the U.S. State Department also issued words of condolence.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Condolences in Response to the Death of Venerable Thich Nhat Hanh |url=https://www.dalailama.com/news/2022/condolences-in-response-to-the-death-of-venerable-thich-nhat-hanh |date=22 January 2022 |accessdate=30 January 2022 |publisher=[[Biography:14th Dalai Lama|Office of the 14th Dalai Lama]] |archive-date=29 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129101825/https://www.dalailama.com/news/2022/condolences-in-response-to-the-death-of-venerable-thich-nhat-hanh |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.state.gov/on-the-passing-of-zen-master-thich-nhat-hanh/ |title=On the Passing of Zen Master Thích Nhất Hạnh |author=PRice, Ned |publisher=US State Department |date=23 January 2022 |accessdate=30 January 2022 |archive-date=28 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128091553/https://www.state.gov/on-the-passing-of-zen-master-thich-nhat-hanh/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://world.kbs.co.kr/service/news_view.htm?lang=e&Seq_Code=167161|title=Moon Offers Condolences over Death of Buddhist Monk Thich Nhat Hanh|publisher=Korean Broadcasting System|date=23 January 2022|accessdate=30 January 2022|archive-date=28 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128033004/http://world.kbs.co.kr/service/news_view.htm?lang=e&Seq_Code=167161|url-status=live}}</ref>

His five-day funeral,<ref name=":4" /> which began on the day of his death, had a seven-day wake<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dinh|first=Hau|date=29 January 2022|title=Funeral held in Vietnam for influential monk Thich Nhat Hanh|url=https://apnews.com/article/religion-vietnam-buddhism-thich-nhat-hanh-2bca9bbd392cc9e9162638af1e4edfe8|access-date=30 January 2022|website=AP News|language=en}}</ref> that culminated with his cremation on 29 January. In a 2015 book, Nhất Hạnh described what he wanted for the disposition of his remains, in part to illustrate how he believes that he "continues" on in his teachings: 

{{blockquote|I have a disciple in Vietnam who wants to build a stupa for my ashes when I die. He and others want to put a plaque with the words, "Here lies my beloved teacher." I told them not to waste the temple land...I suggested that, if they still insist on building a stupa, they have the plaque say, ''I am not in here''. But in case people don't get it, they could add a second plaque, ''I am not out there either''. If still people don't understand, then you can write on the third and last plaque, ''I may be found in your way of breathing and walking''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Thich |first=Nhat Hanh |date= November 2016|title=At Home in the World: Stories & Essential Teachings from a Monk's Life |publisher=Parallax Press |isbn=9781941529430}}</ref>}}

At the conclusion of the 49-day mourning period, Nhất Hạnh's ashes were portioned and scattered in Từ Hiếu Temple and temples associated with Plum Village.

==Bibliography==
{{div col}}
* ''A Pebble for Your Pocket'', Full Circle Publishing, 2001. {{ISBN|81-7621-188-5}}.
* ''Anger: Wisdom for Cooling the Flames'', Riverhead Trade, 2002. {{ISBN|1-57322-937-7}}.
* ''At Home in the World: Stories and Essential Teachings from a Monk's Life'', with Jason Deantonis (Illustrator), Parallax Press, 2016. {{ISBN|1941529429}}.
* ''Be Free Where You Are'', Parallax Press, 2002. {{ISBN|1-888375-23-X}}.
* ''Being Peace'', Parallax Press, 1987. {{ISBN|0-938077-00-7}}.
* ''Buddha Mind, Buddha Body: Walking Toward Enlightenment'', Parallax Press, 2007. {{ISBN|1-888375-75-2}}.
* ''Cultivating The Mind Of Love'', Full Circle, 1996. {{ISBN|81-216-0676-4}}.
* ''Fear: Essential Wisdom for Getting Through the Storm'', HarperOne, 2012. {{ISBN|978-1846043185}}.
* ''Fragrant Palm Leaves: Journals, 1962–1966'', Riverhead Trade, 1999. {{ISBN|1-57322-796-X}}.
* ''Going Home: Jesus and Buddha as Brothers'', Riverhead Books, 1999. {{ISBN|1-57322-145-7}}.
* ''Hermitage Among the Clouds'', Parallax Press, 1993. {{ISBN|0-938077-56-2}}.
* ''How to Eat'', Parallax Press, 2014. {{ISBN|978-1937006723}}.
* ''How to Fight'', Parallax Press, 2017. {{ISBN|978-1941529867}}.
* ''How to Love'', Parallax Press, 2014. {{ISBN|978-1937006884}}.
* ''How to Relax'', Parallax Press, 2015. {{ISBN|978-1941529089}}.
* ''How to Sit'', Parallax Press, 2014. {{ISBN|978-1937006587}}.
* ''Is nothing something?: Kids' questions and zen answers about life, death, family, friendship, and everything in between'', Parallax Press 2014. {{ISBN|978-1-937006-65-5}}.
* ''Living Buddha, Living Christ'', Riverhead Trade, 1997. {{ISBN|1-57322-568-1}}.
* ''[[Philosophy:Love Letter to the Earth|Love Letter to the Earth]]'', Parallax Press, 2012. {{ISBN|978-1937006389}}.
* ''Mindful Movements: Ten Exercises for Well-Being'', Parallax Press 2008, {{ISBN|978-1-888375-79-4}}.
* ''No Death, No Fear'', Riverhead Trade reissue, 2003. {{ISBN|1-57322-333-6}}.
* ''No Mud, No Lotus: The Art of Transforming Suffering'', Parallax Press, 2014. {{ISBN|978-1937006853}}.
* ''Old Path White Clouds: Walking in the Footsteps of the Buddha'', Parallax Press, 1991. {{ISBN|81-216-0675-6}}.
* ''Our Appointment with Life: Sutra on Knowing the Better Way to Live Alone'', Parallax Press, 1990. {{ISBN|1-935209-79-5}}.
* ''Peace Is Every Step: The Path of Mindfulness in Everyday Life'', Bantam reissue, 1992. {{ISBN|9780553351392}}.
* ''Reconciliation: Healing the Inner Child'', Parallax Press, 2010. {{ISBN|1-935209-64-7}}.
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* ''Silence: The Power of Quiet in a World Full of Noise'', HarperOne (1705), 2015. ASIN: B014TAC7GQ.
* ''Teachings on Love'', Full Circle Publishing, 2005. {{ISBN|81-7621-167-2}}.
* ''The Art of Communicating'', HarperOne, 2013. {{ISBN|978-0-06-222467-5}}.
* ''The Art of Living: Peace and Freedom in the Here and Now'', HarperOne, 2017. {{ISBN|978-0062434661}}.
* ''The Art of Power'', HarperOne, 2007. {{ISBN|0-06-124234-9}}.
* ''The Blooming of a Lotus'', Beacon Press, 2009. {{ISBN|9780807012383}}.
* ''The Diamond That Cuts Through Illusion, Commentaries on the Prajnaparamita Diamond Sutra'', Parallax Press, 1992. {{ISBN|0-938077-51-1}}.
* ''The Heart of the Buddha's Teaching'', Broadway Books, 1999. {{ISBN|0-7679-0369-2}}.
* ''The Heart Of Understanding: Commentaries on the Prajnaparamita Heart Sutra'', Full Circle, 1997. {{ISBN|81-216-0703-5}}, {{ISBN|9781888375923}} (2005 edition).
* ''The Miracle of Mindfulness'', Rider Books, 1991. {{ISBN|978-0-7126-4787-8}}.
* ''The Miracle of Mindfulness: A Manual on Meditation'', Beacon Press, 1999. {{ISBN|0-8070-1239-4}} (Vietnamese: Phép lạ của sự tỉnh thức).
* ''The Moon Bamboo'', Parallax Press, 1989. {{ISBN|0938077201}}.
* ''The Novice: A Story of True Love'', HarperCollins, 2011. {{ISBN|978-0-06-200583-0}}.
* ''The Other Shore: A New Translation of the Heart Sutra with Commentaries'', Palm Leaves Press, 2017. {{ISBN|978-1-941529-14-0}}.
* ''The Path of Emancipation: Talks from a 21-Day Mindfulness Retreat'', Unified Buddhist Church, 2000. {{ISBN|81-7621-189-3}}.
* ''The Pocket Thich Nhat Hanh'', Shambhala Pocket Classics, 2012. {{ISBN|978-1-59030-936-0}}.
* ''The Raft Is Not the Shore: Conversations Toward a Buddhist/Christian Awareness'', Daniel Berrigan (Co-author), Orbis Books, 2000. {{ISBN|1-57075-344-X}}.
* ''The Sun My Heart'', Parallax Press, 1988. {{ISBN|0-938077-12-0}}
* ''Thich Nhat Hanh: Essential Writings'', Robert Ellsberg (Editor), Orbis Books, 2001. {{ISBN|1-57075-370-9}}.
* ''Touching the Earth: Intimate Conversations with the Buddha'', Parallax Press, 2004. {{ISBN|1-888375-41-8}}.
* ''Transformation and Healing: Sutra on the Four Establishments of Mindfulness'', Full Circle, 1997. {{ISBN|81-216-0696-9}}.
* ''True Love: A Practice for Awakening the Heart'', Shambhala Publications, 1997. {{ISBN|1-59030-404-7}}.
* ''Under the Banyan Tree'', Full Circle Publishing, 2008. {{ISBN|81-7621-175-3}}.
* ''Understanding Our Mind'', HarperCollins, 2006. {{ISBN|978-81-7223-796-7}}.
* ''Vietnam: Lotus in a sea of fire''. New York, Hill and Wang. 1967.
* ''You Are Here: Discovering the Magic of the Present Moment'', Shambhala Publications, 2010. {{ISBN|978-1590308387}}.
* ''Your True Home: The Everyday Wisdom of Thich Nhat Hanh'', Shambhala Publications, 2011. {{ISBN|978-1-59030-926-1}}.
* ''Zen Keys: A Guide to Zen Practice'', Harmony, 1994. {{ISBN|978-0-385-47561-7}}.
* ''Zen and the Art of Saving the Planet'', HarperCollins, 2021. {{ISBN|978-0-06-295479-4}}.
{{div col end}}•  How to Connect by Thich Nhat Hanh, Plum Village Community of Engaged Buddishm, Inc., 2020. ISBN 978-84-1121-050-8.

==Awards and honours==
Nobel laureate [[Biography:Martin Luther King Jr.|Martin Luther King Jr.]] nominated Nhất Hạnh for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1967.<ref name="nomination" /> The prize was not awarded that year.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Facts on the Nobel Peace Prize |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/shortfacts.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120805081742/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/shortfacts.html |archive-date=5 August 2012 |access-date=13 August 2012 |publisher=Nobel Media }}</ref> Nhất Hạnh was awarded the Courage of Conscience award in 1991.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Peace Abbey – Courage of Conscience Recipients List |url=http://www.peaceabbey.org/awards/cocrecipientlist.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214172308/http://www.peaceabbey.org/awards/cocrecipientlist.html |archive-date=14 February 2009}}</ref>

Nhất Hạnh received 2015's ''Pacem in Terris'' Peace and Freedom Award.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thich Nhat Hanh to receive Catholic "Peace on Earth" award |url=http://www.lionsroar.com/thich-nhat-hanh-to-receive-catholic-peace-on-earth-award/ |access-date=9 November 2015 |publisher=Lion's Roar |language=en-US |archive-date=7 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407180759/http://www.lionsroar.com/thich-nhat-hanh-to-receive-catholic-peace-on-earth-award/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Diocese of Davenport |date=23 October 2015 |title=Pacem in Terris Peace and Freedom Award recipient announced |url=https://davenportdiocese.org/news/pacem-in-terris-peace-and-freedom-award-recipient-announced |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316160141/http://davenportdiocese.org/news/pacem-in-terris-peace-and-freedom-award-recipient-announced |archive-date=16 March 2017}}</ref>

In November 2017, the Education University of Hong Kong conferred an honorary doctorate upon Nhất Hạnh for his "lifelong contributions to the promotion of mindfulness, peace and happiness across the world". As he was unable to attend the ceremony in Hong Kong, a simple ceremony was held on 29 August 2017, in Thailand, where John Lee Chi-kin, vice-president (academic) of EdUHK, presented the honorary degree certificate and academic gown to Nhất Hạnh on the university's behalf.<ref>{{Cite web |title=EdUHK to Confer Honorary Doctorates on Distinguished Individuals &#124; Press Releases &#124; The Education University of Hong Kong (EdUHK) |url=https://www.eduhk.hk/en/press-releases/eduhk-to-confer-honorary-doctorates-on-distinguished-individuals-2017 |website=www.eduhk.hk |access-date=24 December 2020 |archive-date=27 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227064420/https://www.eduhk.hk/en/press-releases/eduhk-to-confer-honorary-doctorates-on-distinguished-individuals-2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Education University of Hong Kong |url=https://www.facebook.com/EdUHK.hk/posts/1902646863385634 |website=www.facebook.com |access-date=18 October 2017 |archive-date=14 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614085237/https://www.facebook.com/EdUHK.hk/posts/1902646863385634 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==In popular culture==
===Films===
Nhất Hạnh has been featured in many films, including:

* ''The Power of Forgiveness'', shown at the Dawn Breakers International Film Festival<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 December 2009 |title=First line up |url=http://dbiff.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=17&Itemid=20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310194437/http://dbiff.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=17&Itemid=20 |archive-date=10 March 2012 |access-date=13 September 2010 |publisher=Dawn Breakers International Film Festival (DBIFF)}}</ref> 
* ''Walk with Me'', a documentary directed by Marc James Francis and Max Pugh, and supported by director Alejandro González Iñárritu.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Barraclough |first=Leo |date=9 March 2017 |title=Alejandro G. Inarritu on Mindfulness Documentary 'Walk with Me' (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/global/alejandro-g-inarritu-mindfulness-documentary-walk-with-me-1202005286/ |access-date=13 September 2020 |website=Variety |language=en |archive-date=6 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306184028/https://variety.com/2017/film/global/alejandro-g-inarritu-mindfulness-documentary-walk-with-me-1202005286/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Filmed over three years, ''Walk with Me'' focuses on the [[Unsolved:Plum Village Monastery|Plum Village]] monastics' daily life and rites, with Benedict Cumberbatch narrating passages from ''Fragrant Palm Leaves'' in voiceover.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Catsoulis |first=Jeannette |date=17 August 2017 |title=Review: 'Walk with Me,' an Invitation from Thich Nhat Hanh |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/17/movies/walk-with-me-review.html |access-date=13 September 2020 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=6 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806024637/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/17/movies/walk-with-me-review.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The film was released in 2017, premiering at SXSW Festival.<ref name=":1" />
* [[Philosophy:One: The Movie|One]]: Nhất Hạnh and Chân Không appear in this documentary that surveys beliefs on the [[Philosophy:Meaning of life|meaning of life]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0493155/|title = One: The Movie| website=[[Social:IMDb|IMDb]] |date = 20 April 2007}}</ref>
* A Cloud Never Dies: a biographical documentary produced by Pugh and Francis and narrated by Peter Coyote. {{cite AV media |people=Pugh, Max, Francis, Marc J.|date=2 April 2022 |title=A Cloud Never Dies |type=documentary  |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DRObW9noiVk }}

===Graphic novel===
Along with Alfred Hassler and [[Biography:Chân Không|Chân Không]], Nhất Hạnh is the subject of the 2013 graphic novel ''The Secret of the 5 Powers''.<ref>{{Citation |last=Sperry |first=Rod Meade |title=3 Heroes, 5 Powers |date=May 2013 |work=Lion's Roar |volume=21 |issue=5 |pages=68–73}}</ref>

==See also==
* Buddhism in Vietnam
* Buddhist crisis 
* Vietnamese Thiền
* List of peace activists
* [[Religion:Religion and peacebuilding|Religion and peacebuilding]]

==Explanatory notes==
{{notelist-ua}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* [http://www.orderofinterbeing.org/ Order of Interbeing]
* [http://www.parallax.org/ Parallax Press] – founded by Thich Nhat Hanh
* [http://www.plumvillage.org/ Plum Village] – Thich Nhat Hanh's monastery
* [http://www.mindfulnessbell.org/directory.php Sangha Directory] – List of communities practicing in Thich Nhat Hanh's tradition


{{DEFAULTSORT:Thich, Nhat Hanh}}
[[Category:Mindfulness (Buddhism)]]
[[Category:Plum Village Tradition]]

{{Sourceattribution|Thích Nhất Hạnh}}