View source for Biography:Hendrik C. van de Hulst

{{Short description|Dutch astronomer and mathematician}}
{{Infobox scientist
|name              = Hendrik C. van de Hulst
|image             = Hendrik C. van de Hulst 1977.jpg
|caption           = Hendrik C. van de Hulst in 1977
|birth_date        = {{Birth date|df=yes|1918|11|19|}}
|birth_place       = Utrecht, the Netherlands
|death_date        = {{death date and age|df=yes|2000|7|31|1918|11|19}}
|death_place       = Leiden, the Netherlands
|nationality       = Dutch
|ethnicity         = 
|field             = [[Astronomy:Astronomy|Astronomy]]
|work_institutions = University of Leiden
|alma_mater        = 
|thesis_title	   = Optics of spherical particles
|thesis_url        = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1946PhDT.........3V
|thesis_year       = 1946
|doctoral_advisor  = [[Biography:Marcel Minnaert|Marcel Minnaert]]<ref name="obituary1"/>
|doctoral_students = 26,<ref>{{MathGenealogy |ID=112164 |NAME=Hendrik Christoffel van de Hulst}}. Consulted on 9 August 2023.</ref> including Johan Bleeker, [[Biography:Elly Dekker|Elly Dekker]],<ref>{{cite book|last=van der Kruit|first=Pieter C.|contribution=Appendix A.4: Oort and His Students: a List of Ph.D. Theses|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-17801-7|pages=633–635|publisher=Springer International Publishing|title=Jan Hendrik Oort|series=Astrophysics and Space Science Library|year=2019|volume=459|isbn=978-3-030-17800-0|s2cid=199240526 }}</ref> Harm Habing, Vincent Icke, Alexander Ollongren, Tim de Zeeuw
|known_for         = 21 cm hyperfine line<br>[[Physics:Anomalous diffraction theory|Anomalous diffraction theory]]
|influences        = 
|influenced        = 
|prizes            = {{no wrap|Henry Draper Medal {{small|(1955)}}<br>[[Astronomy:Eddington Medal|Eddington Medal]] {{small|(1955)}}<br>Rumford Medal {{small|(1964)}}<br>Bruce Medal {{small|(1978)}}<br>Karl Schwarzschild Medal {{small|(1995)}}}}
}}
'''Hendrik Christoffel "Henk" van de Hulst''' (19 November 1918 – 31 July 2000) was a Dutch [[Astronomy:Astronomer|astronomer]].

In 1944, while a student in Utrecht,<ref>Astronomy Tree profile [https://academictree.org/astronomy/peopleinfo.php?pid=53446 Hendrik Christoffel van de Hulst]</ref> he predicted the existence of the 21 cm hyperfine line of neutral interstellar [[Chemistry:Hydrogen|hydrogen]]. After this line was discovered, he participated, with Jan Oort and C.A. Muller, in the effort to use [[Astronomy:Radio astronomy|radio astronomy]] to map out the neutral hydrogen in our [[Astronomy:Galaxy|galaxy]], which first revealed its spiral structure. Motivated by the scattering in [[Astronomy:Cosmic dust|cosmic dust]], he studied [[Physics:Mie scattering|light scattering by spherical particles]] and wrote his doctoral thesis on the topic,<ref name="obituary1">{{cite journal| last1 = Habing | first1 = H. J.| date = February 2001| title = Obituaries: Hendrik Christoffel van de Hulst, 1918-2000 | journal = Astronomy & Geophysics | volume = 42 | issue = 1 | pages = 1.33–1.37 | bibcode = 2001A&G....42a..33H| doi = 10.1046/j.1468-4004.2001.0420011.33.x| doi-access = free }}</ref> subsequently formulating the [[Physics:Anomalous diffraction theory|anomalous diffraction theory]].<ref name=vdh>{{Cite book|first=H. C.|last= van de Hulst|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6ivW_TgIdjIC |title=Light scattering by small particles|location= New York|publisher= John Wiley and Sons|year= 1957|isbn=9780486139753}}</ref>

He spent most of his career at [[Organization:Leiden University|Leiden University]], retiring in 1984. He published widely in astronomy, and dealt with the solar corona, and interstellar clouds. After 1960 he was a leader in international space research projects.<ref>"Hulst, Hendrik Christoffel van de." in ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' (2010)</ref>

In 1956 he became member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/biografie/pmknaw/?pagetype=authorDetail&aId=PE00001033 |title=Hendrik Christoffel van de Hulst (1918–2000) |publisher=Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences |access-date=28 July 2015}}</ref>

==Books==
*van de Hulst, H.C., ''Light Scattering by Small Particles'', New York, ([[Company:Wiley (publisher)|Wiley]], 1957; [[Social:Dover Publications|Dover]], 1981), {{ISBN|0-486-64228-3}}.<ref name="bib2"/>
*van de Hulst, H.C., ''Multiple Light Scattering'', New York, [[Company:Academic Press|Academic Press]], 1980, {{ISBN|978-0-12-710701-1}}.<ref name="bib2">{{cite web |url=http://www.phys-astro.sonoma.edu/BruceMedalists/vandeHulst/vandeHulstRefs.html |title= Hendrik C. van de Hulst Bibliography |website=Sonoma State University: Department of Physics and Astronomy |publisher=[[Organization:Sonoma State University|Sonoma State University]] |access-date=16 January 2020 }}</ref>

==Honors==
'''Awards'''
*Henry Draper Medal of the National Academy of Sciences (1955)<ref name=Draper>{{cite web|title=Henry Draper Medal |url=http://www.nasonline.org/about-nas/awards/henry-draper-medal.html |publisher=National Academy of Sciences |access-date=24 February 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126003930/http://www.nasonline.org/about-nas/awards/henry-draper-medal.html |archive-date=26 January 2013  }}</ref>
*[[Astronomy:Eddington Medal|Eddington Medal]] of the Royal Astronomical Society (1955)
*Rumford Medal of the Royal Society (1964)
*Bruce Medal of the [[Organization:Astronomical Society of the Pacific|Astronomical Society of the Pacific]] (1978)<ref>{{cite web|title=Past Winners of the Catherine Wolfe Bruce Gold Medal|url=http://astrosociety.org/membership/awards/pastbruce.html|publisher=[[Organization:Astronomical Society of the Pacific|Astronomical Society of the Pacific]]|access-date=24 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721092933/http://astrosociety.org/membership/awards/pastbruce.html|archive-date=21 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*Karl Schwarzschild Medal of the [[Organization:Astronomische Gesellschaft|Astronomische Gesellschaft]] (1995)
'''Named after him'''
*[[Astronomy:Asteroid|Asteroid]] [[Astronomy:2413 van de Hulst|2413 van de Hulst]]
*[[Physics:Anomalous diffraction theory|van de Hulst approximation]]

=== Honors ===

* elected to the American Philosophical Society (1960)<ref>{{Cite web |title=APS Member History |url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Hendrik+C.+van+de+Hulst&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced |access-date=2022-12-01 |website=search.amphilsoc.org}}</ref>
* elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1960)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hendrik Christoffel van de Hulst |url=https://www.amacad.org/person/hendrik-christoffel-van-de-hulst |access-date=2022-12-01 |website=American Academy of Arts & Sciences |language=en}}</ref>
* elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences (1977)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hendrik C. van de Hulst |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/deceased-members/45892.html |access-date=2022-12-01 |website=www.nasonline.org}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Physics:List of textbooks in electromagnetism|List of textbooks in electromagnetism]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite web | first=Joe | last=Tenn | url = http://www.phys-astro.sonoma.edu/BruceMedalists/vandeHulst/ | title = Hendrik Christoffel van de Hulst | publisher = Sonoma State University | access-date = 5 January 2007 }}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Hulst, Hendrik C. Van De}}


[[Category:Optical physicists]]

{{Sourceattribution|Hendrik C. van de Hulst}}