View source for Biography:Hans von Euler-Chelpin

{{Short description|Swedish scientist (1873–1964)}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name              = Hans von Euler-Chelpin
| image             = Hans von Euler-Chelpin 1934.jpg
| caption           = Euler-Chelpin, May 1934
| image_size        = 
| birth_name        = Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin
| birth_date        = {{birth date|1873|2|15|df=y}}
| birth_place       = Augsburg, [[History:Kingdom of Bavaria|Kingdom of Bavaria]], [[Place:German Empire|German Empire]]<ref name=r1/><ref name=r2/>
| nationality       = German-Swedish
| death_date        = {{death date and age|1964|11|6|1873|2|15|df=y}}
| death_place       = [[Place:Stockholm|Stockholm]], Sweden
| field             = Chemistry
| work_institution  = University of Stockholm
| alma_mater        = University of Berlin
| doctoral_advisor  = Carl Friedheim{{citation needed|date=August 2017}}
| academic_advisors = Emil Fischer
| doctoral_students = 
| known_for         = 
| spouse            = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|Astrid Cleve|1902|1912|end=divorce}}
* {{marriage|Elisabeth af Ugglas|1913|<!-- Omission per Template:Marriage instructions -->}}
}}
| children          = 9 (including [[Biography:Ulf von Euler|Ulf von Euler]])
| prizes            = Nobel Prize for Chemistry (1929)
}}

'''Hans Karl August Simon Euler-Chelpin''', since 28 July 1884 '''von Euler-Chelpin''' (15 February 1873 – 6 November 1964<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hans-von-Euler-Chelpin|title = Hans von Euler-Chelpin &#124; Swedish biochemist}}</ref>), was a {{wipe|Germany}}-born Swedish [[Biochemist|biochemist]]. He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1929 with [[Biography:Arthur Harden|Arthur Harden]] for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and [[Biology:Enzymes|enzymes]]. He was a professor of general and [[Chemistry:Organic chemistry|organic chemistry]] at [[Organization:Stockholm University|Stockholm University]] (1906–1941) and the director of its Institute for organic-chemical research (1938–1948). Euler-Chelpin was distantly related to [[Biography:Leonhard Euler|Leonhard Euler]]. He married chemist Astrid Cleve, the daughter of the Uppsala chemist [[Biography:Per Teodor Cleve|Per Teodor Cleve]].  In 1970, their son [[Biography:Ulf von Euler|Ulf von Euler]], was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

==Personal life==
Euler-Chelpin was born on 15 February 1873 at Augsburg, Germany to Rigas Georg Sebastian von Euler-Chelpin and Gabriele von Euler-Chelpin (née Furtner). His father was at the time captain in the Royal Bavarian Infantry Guard Regiment (''Königlich Bayerisches Infanterie-Leib-Regiment''), who was soon transferred to [[Place:Munich|Munich]] and would finally become a lieutenant general (''Generalleutnant''). During his childhood, he spent most of his time with his grandmother at Wasserburg am Inn. He went to the Royal Junior High School in Augsburg (predecessor of Holbein Gymnasium ), also in Würzburg and Ulm. After serving as a one-year volunteer in the Bavarian first Field Artillery Regiment, he took interest in the color theory and began studying art at the Munich Academy of Painting (1891–1893). He was taught under Schmid-Reutte and Lenbach, a German painter of realist style. He thereafter went to attend the University of Berlin to study chemistry under Emil Fischer and A. Rosenheim, and physics under [[Biography:Emil Warburg|E. Warburg]] and [[Biography:Max Planck|Max Planck]]; where in 1895 he received his doctorate.<ref name=r1/>

In 1899, von Euler-Chelpin was appointed to teach as [[Social:Privatdozent|Privatdozent]] in the Royal University at Stockholm where he began visiting the laboratory of [[Biography:Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff|van 't Hoff]], one of the many who influenced Euler-Chelpin's interest in science along with [[Biography:Walther Nernst|Nernst]].<ref name=r1/>

In 1902, he took Swedish citizenship, although keeping his German citizenship. Nevertheless, during the First World War, von Euler-Chelpin took part in voluntary service with the Imperial German Army in the artillery (''1. Feldartillerie-Regiment'') of the Bavarian Army, transferring to the Luftstreitkräfte in 1915, finally with the rank as captain (''Hauptmann''). During the Second World War, he worked in a diplomatic mission on the German side.

In 1906, he was appointed Professor of General and [[Chemistry:Organic chemistry|Organic Chemistry]] in the Royal University, Stockholm. In 1929, the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation and the International Education Board of the Rockefeller Foundation established in Stockholm the Vitamin Institute and Institute of Biochemistry, and Euler-Chelpin was appointed as its director. In 1941 he retired from teaching, but continued his research.<ref name=r1/>

Hans von Euler-Chelpin married twice. His first wife was Astrid Cleve, who was the first Swedish woman to obtain a doctoral degree of science. They had five children: Sten (1903–1991), Ulf Svante (1905–1983), Karin Maria (1907–2003), Hans Georg Rigas (1908–2003) and Birgit (1910–2000). In 1913 he married again to his second wife, Elisabeth "Beth" Baroness af Ugglas (1887–1973), whose participated in collaborations with Euler-Chelpin. They had four children: Rolf Sebastian Ugglas (1914–2005), Hans Roland Ugglas (1916–), Curt Leonhard Ugglas (1918–2001) and Johan Erik Ugglas "Jan" (1929–1954). His son, [[Biography:Ulf von Euler|Ulf von Euler]], was a well-known physiologist and in 1970 he received a Nobel Prize for his research on the chemical nature of [[Biology:Norepinephrine|norepinephrine]] on the synapses. In 1931, his daughter Karin von Euler-Chelpin married the writer Sven Stolpe and had four children with him (one of which was Lisette Schulman).<ref name=r1/>

During his life, von Euler-Chelpin created a series of monographs such as ''Biochemistry of Tumours'', written in collaboration with Boleslaw Skarzynski, published in 1942 and the other entitled ''The Chemotherapy and Prophylaxis of Cancer'', published in 1962.

von Euler-Chelpin died in Stockholm on 6 November 1964, at the age of 91.<ref name=r1/>

==Nobel Prize==
In 1929, Euler-Chelpin and Arthur Harden received the Nobel Prize in chemistry for research on [[Chemistry:Ethanol fermentation|alcoholic fermentation]] of carbohydrates and the role of enzymes. Arthur Harden dealt only with the chemical effects of bacteria from 1903 with alcoholic fermentation. Harden discovered that the [[Biology:Enzyme|enzyme]] [[Biology:Zymase|zymase]], discovered by [[Biography:Eduard Buchner|Eduard Buchner]], only produces fermentation in interaction with the coenzyme [[Chemistry:Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide#History|cozymase]]. Euler-Chelpin, in turn, convincingly described what happens in sugar fermentation and the action of fermentation enzymes using physical chemistry. This explanation led to the understanding of the important processes taking place in the muscles for the supply of energy.<ref name=r1/>

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=r1>{{Nobelprize}}</ref>
<ref name=r2>[https://runeberg.org/nfbg/0554.html Biography] (in Swedish) from Nordisk familjebok, 2nd ed. (1907) (with [https://runeberg.org/nfco/0359.html supplement from 1923])</ref>
}}

== External links ==
* {{Nobelprize}}
{{Nobel Prize in Chemistry Laureates 1926–1950}}
{{1929 Nobel Prize winners}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Von Euler-Chelpin, Hans}}
[[Category:Nobel laureates in Chemistry]]

{{Sourceattribution|Hans von Euler-Chelpin}}