View source for Astronomy:XMMXCS 2215-1738

{{short description|Galaxy cluster in the constellation of Aquarius}}
{{Galaxy cluster
| name = XMXCS 2215-1738
| image = 
| constellation = [[Astronomy:Aquarius (constellation)|Aquarius]]
| epoch=[[Astronomy:J2000|J2000]]
| ra= {{RA|22|15|58.5}}
| dec= {{DEC|-17|38|02}}
| redshift = 1.45
| distance = 4.3 Gpc (14 billion light-years)
| member_no = 
| brightest_member = 
| other_names = BLOX J2215.9-1738.1
}}

'''XMMXCS 2215-1738''' is a [[Astronomy:Galaxy cluster|galaxy cluster]] that lies 10 billion [[Astronomy:Light-year|light-year]]s away and has a [[Astronomy:Redshift|redshift]] value of z=1.45. It was discovered by the [[Astronomy:XMM Cluster Survey|XMM Cluster Survey]] in 2006.<ref name="physorg.com">http://www.physorg.com/news68820846.html ''Massive galaxy cluster found 10 billion light years away''
June 6th, 2006, ''Space & Earth'' magazine</ref> 

Discovered in 2006, XMMXCS 2215-1738 is one of the most distant galaxy clusters known. It is embedded in intergalactic gas that has a temperature of 10 million degrees.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cmu.edu/cmnews/extra/060615_galaxy.html |title=Grad Student Helps Discover Massive Galaxy Cluster 10 Billion Light Years Away |publisher=Cmu.edu |date=2006-06-15 |accessdate=2022-05-25}}</ref> The estimated mass of the cluster is 500 trillion [[Astronomy:Solar mass|solar mass]]es, most coming from [[Astronomy:Dark matter|dark matter]]. The cluster was discovered and studied using the ''[[Astronomy:XMM-Newton|XMM-Newton]]'' and Keck Telescopes. The cluster is surprisingly large and evolved for a cluster that existed when the [[Astronomy:Universe|universe]] was only 3 billion years old.<ref name="physorg.com"/><ref>[https://www.questia.com/read/1G1-146854459 ''The Journal'' (Newcastle, England) June 10, 2006]{{dl|date=July 2021}}</ref>

Led by [[Organization:University of Sussex|University of Sussex]] researchers, part of the [[Astronomy:XMM Cluster Survey|XMM Cluster Survey]] (XCS) used X-ray Multi Mirror (XMM) Newton satellite to find it, Keck Telescope to determine distance, and used the [[Astronomy:Hubble Space Telescope|Hubble Space Telescope]] to further image it.

It contains hundreds of reddish galaxies surrounded by x-ray-emitting gas.<ref>[http://www.news.ucdavis.edu/search/news_detail.lasso?id=7769 "Galaxy Cluster Most Distant from Earth Found, June 5, 2006, UC DAVIS]</ref> {{quote box|width=23em|"The existence of the cluster so early in the history of the universe challenges ideas about how galaxies formed"|— Adam Stanford, research scientist at UC Davis and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.universetoday.com/8232/most-distant-galaxy-cluster-discovered/ | title=Most Distant Galaxy Cluster Discovered | date=7 June 2006 }}</ref>}}

The galaxy is called '''XMMXCS 2215-1734''' in many references, with some news sources listing both names. The source of the naming contradiction between XMMXCS 2215-1734 and XMMXCS 2215-1738 is not known. However, XMMXCS 2215-1738 seems to be the more accurate.{{CN|date=August 2023}}

==See also==
* [[Astronomy:2XMM J083026+524133|2XMM J083026+524133]]
* [[Astronomy:Galaxy cluster|galaxy cluster]]
* ''[[Astronomy:XMM-Newton|XMM-Newton]]''
* [[Astronomy:XMM Cluster Survey|XMM Cluster Survey]]
* [[Astronomy:List of the most distant astronomical objects|List of the most distant astronomical objects]]

==References==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060721165838/http://www.astro.livjm.ac.uk/~xcs/aas  Most Distant Galaxy Cluster Found 10 Billion light-years Away] [[Astronomy:XMM Cluster Survey|XMM Cluster Survey]] ([[Astronomy:XMM Cluster Survey|XCS]])
* [https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0606075 The XMM Cluster Survey: A Massive Galaxy Cluster at z=1.45] S. A. Stanford (arXiv preprint) Sun, 4 Jun 2006 16:23:55 GMT
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Astronomers_Find_Most_Distant_Galaxy_Cluster_Yet.html Astronomers Find Most Distant Galaxy Cluster Yet] (SpaceDaily) Jun 7, 2006
* [http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/060608_galaxy_cluster.html Maturity of Farthest Galaxy Cluster Surprises Astronomers] Christine L. Kulyk (SPACE.com) 8 June 2006 06:20 am ET


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{{s-ttl|title=Most massive <br /> distant (z~>=1) <br /> [[Astronomy:Galaxy cluster|galaxy cluster]]|years=2006&nbsp;&ndash;&nbsp;}}
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{{s-ttl|title=Most distant galaxy cluster|years=2006&nbsp;&ndash;&nbsp;}}
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{{Aquarius (constellation)}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Xmmxcs 2215-1738}}
[[Category:Galaxy clusters]]
[[Category:Aquarius (constellation)]]


{{Sourceattribution|XMMXCS 2215-1738}}