View source for Astronomy:Satellite Launch Vehicle

{{short description|First launch vehicle of the Indian Space Research Organisation}}
{{Infobox Rocket
|image = SatLaunchVehicle.jpeg
|caption = Satellite Launch Vehicle
|height = {{convert|22|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|mass = {{convert|17000|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
|diameter = {{convert|1|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|manufacturer = ISRO
|function = [[Engineering:Small-lift launch vehicle|Small-lift launch vehicle]]
|country-origin = India
|capacities =
  {{Infobox Rocket/Payload
  |location = [[Astronomy:Low Earth orbit|LEO]]
  |altitude = {{cvt|400|km}}
  |kilos    = {{convert|40|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
  }}
|status = Retired
|first = 10 August 1979
|last = 17 April 1983
|launches = 4
|success = 2
|fail = 1
|partial = 1
|sites = [[Astronomy:Satish Dhawan Space Centre#SLV3 Launch Pad|Satish Dhawan Space Centre]]
|derivatives = ASLV, PSLV
|payloads = [[Engineering:Rohini (satellite)|Rohini]]
|stagedata    = 
  {{Infobox Rocket/Stage
  |type       = stage
  |stageno    = First
  |engines    = 1 solid
  |SI         = {{convert|253|isp}}
  |burntime   = 49 seconds
  |fuel       = PBAN ([[Chemistry:Polybutadiene acrylonitrile|Polybutadiene acrylonitrile]]) Solid<ref name=ISRO/>
  |propmass   = {{cvt|8.6|t|lb}}
  |thrust     = {{cvt|46|tf|kN lbf|order=out}}
  }} 
  {{Infobox Rocket/Stage
  |type       = stage
  |stageno    = Second
  |engines    = 1 solid
  |SI         = 267 sec
  |burntime   = 40 seconds
  |fuel       = PBAN (Polybutadine Acrylo Nitrate) Solid
  |propmass   = 3 tonnes
  |thrust     = 20 tonnes
  }} 
  {{Infobox Rocket/Stage
  |type       = stage
  |stageno    = Third
  |engines    = 1 solid
  |SI         = 277 sec
  |burntime   = 45 seconds
  |fuel       = High energy propellant (HEF 20) Solid
  |propmass   = 1 tonnes
  |thrust     = 6.3 tonnes
  }} 
  {{Infobox Rocket/Stage
  |type       = stage
  |stageno    = Fourth
  |engines    = 1 solid
  |SI         = 283 sec
  |burntime   = 33 seconds
  |fuel       = High energy propellant (HEF 20) Solid
  |propmass   = 262 kg
  |thrust     = 2.4 tonnes
  }}
}}

The '''Satellite Launch Vehicle''' or '''SLV''' was a [[Engineering:Small-lift launch vehicle|small-lift launch vehicle]] project started in the early 1970s by the [[Astronomy:Indian Space Research Organisation|Indian Space Research Organisation]] to develop the technology needed to launch satellites. SLV was intended to reach a height of {{Nowrap|{{convert|400|km}}}} and carry a payload of {{nobreak|{{cvt|40|kg}}}}.<ref name=DOSLV>{{cite web|title=Launch Vehicles|url=http://dos.gov.in/launchvehicles.aspx|publisher=Department of Space, Government of India|access-date=19 January 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201215831/http://dos.gov.in/launchvehicles.aspx|archive-date=1 February 2014}}</ref> The first experimental flight of SLV, in August 1979, was a failure.<ref name=slv/> The first successful launch took place on 18 July 1980.

It was a four-stage rocket with all solid-propellant motors.<ref name=slv>{{cite web|url=http://www.isro.gov.in/launchers/slv|title=SLV|publisher=isro.gov.in|access-date=2015-09-05|archive-date=29 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170529133357/http://www.isro.gov.in/launchers/slv|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The first launch of the SLV took place in [[Place:Sriharikota|Sriharikota]] on 10 August 1979. The fourth and final launch of the SLV took place on 17 April 1983.

It has taken approximately seven years to realise the vehicle from start. The solid motor case for first and second stage are fabricated from 15 CDV6 steel sheets and third and fourth stages from fibre reinforced plastic.<ref name=ISRO>{{cite web|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/flipping_book/58-SI-Jul-Sep-05/files/assets/common/downloads/publication.pdf|title=First Successful Launch of SLV-3 - Silver Jubilee|publisher=ISRO|access-date=11 February 2019|archive-date=12 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112000426/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/flipping_book/58-SI-Jul-Sep-05/files/assets/common/downloads/publication.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Launch history==
All four SLV launches occurred from the [[Astronomy:Satish Dhawan Space Centre SLV Launch Pad|SLV Launch Pad]] at the [[Astronomy:Satish Dhawan Space Centre|Sriharikota High Altitude Range]]. The first two launches were experimental (E) and the next 2 were designated as developmental (D) as this was the first launch vehicle being developed by India not intended for a long service life.<ref name="Silver"/>

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col" | Flight No.
! scope="col" | Date / time ([[Physics:Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]])
! scope="col" | Rocket, <br /> Configuration
! scope="col" | Launch site
! scope="col" | Payload
! scope="col" | Payload mass
! scope="col" | Orbit
! scope="col" | User
! scope="col" | Launch <br /> outcome
|-
! scope="row" rowspan = 2 style="text-align:center;|E1
| 10 August 1979
| Satellite Launch Vehicle
| [[Astronomy:Satish Dhawan Space Centre SLV Launch Pad|SLV Launch Pad]]
| [[Engineering:Rohini (satellite)#Rohini Technology Payload|Rohini Technology Payload]]<ref name="rtp-1">{{cite web | url=http://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/rtp-1 | title=Rohini Technology Payload | access-date=28 December 2014 | archive-date=31 July 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731195814/http://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/rtp-1 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 35 kg
| [[Engineering:Low Earth Orbit|Low Earth]]
| [[Astronomy:ISRO|ISRO]]
| {{Failure}}
|-
| colspan="8" |Faulty valve caused vehicle to crash into the Bay of Bengal 317 seconds after launch.<ref name="Silver"/>
|-
! scope="row" rowspan = 2 style="text-align:center;|E2
| 18 July 1980
| Satellite Launch Vehicle
| [[Astronomy:Satish Dhawan Space Centre SLV Launch Pad|SLV Launch Pad]]
| Rohini RS-1
| 35 kg
| [[Engineering:Low Earth Orbit|Low Earth]]
| [[Astronomy:ISRO|ISRO]]
| {{Success}} <ref name="Silver"/>
|-
| colspan="8" |It was the first satellite successfully launched by the indigenous launch vehicle SLV. It provided data on the fourth stage of SLV.
|-
! scope="row" rowspan = 2 style="text-align:center;|D1
| 31 May 1981
| Satellite Launch Vehicle
| [[Astronomy:Satish Dhawan Space Centre SLV Launch Pad|SLV Launch Pad]]
| [[Engineering:Rohini (satellite)#RS-D1|Rohini RS-D1]]
| 38 kg
| [[Engineering:Low Earth Orbit|Low Earth]]
| [[Astronomy:ISRO|ISRO]]
| {{Partial failure}}
|-
| colspan="8" |Orbit too low.  Decayed after 9 days<ref name="Silver">{{cite web|author1=TS Subramanian|title=Silver jubilee of the first successful SLV-3|url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2217/stories/20050826002609000.htm|website=Frontiline|access-date=8 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180208012252/http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2217/stories/20050826002609000.htm|archive-date=8 February 2018}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" rowspan = 2 style="text-align:center;|D2
| 17 April 1983
| Satellite Launch Vehicle
| [[Astronomy:Satish Dhawan Space Centre SLV Launch Pad|SLV Launch Pad]]
| [[Engineering:Rohini (satellite)#RS-D2|Rohini RS-D2]]
| 41.5 kg
| [[Engineering:Low Earth Orbit|Low Earth]]
| [[Astronomy:ISRO|ISRO]]
| {{Success}}<ref name="Silver"/>
|-
| colspan="8" |Earth Observation satellite
|-
|}

== Launch statistics ==

{{ #invoke:Chart | bar chart
| float = center
| width = 500
| height = 300
| stack = 1
| group 1 = 1:0:0:0:0
| group 2 = 0:0:1:0:0
| group 3 = 0:1:0:0:1
| colors = FireBrick : Orange:  ForestGreen
| group names = Failure : Partial failure : Success
| units suffix = _launches
| x legends = 1979 : 1980 : 1981: 1982: 1983
| y tick marks = 1
}}

;Decade-wise summary of SLV launches:
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;background:#fff; font-size:95%;width:60%"
|-
! Decade
! Successful
! Partial success
! Failure
! Total
|-
|1970s
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|-
| 1980s
| 2
| 1
| 0
| 3
|-
| Total
| 2
| 1
| 1
| 4
|}

==See also==
* [[Engineering:Comparison of orbital launchers families|Comparison of orbital launchers families]]
* [[Engineering:Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes|Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
* https://web.archive.org/web/20071009040815/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/SPACE/space-launchers-slv.html

{{Expendable launch systems}}
{{Indian space programme}}

{{Use Indian English|date=October 2014}}

[[Category:Space programme of India]]
[[Category:Microsatellite launch vehicles]]



{{Sourceattribution|Satellite Launch Vehicle}}