View source for Astronomy:ExoMars 2020 surface platform

{{Infobox spaceflight |auto=all
| name                  = ExoMars 2020 surface platform
| names_list            = ExoMars 2018 Surface Platform<ref>{{cite web |url=http://exploration.esa.int/mars/55699-exomars-2018-surface-platform-experiment-proposal-information-package/ |title=ExoMars 2018 Surface Platform Experiment Proposal Information Package (pdf, 8.3 MB) |publisher=European Space Agency |date=31 March 2015 |accessdate=4 October 2016}}</ref>
| image                 = 
| image_caption         = 
| image_size            = 

| mission_type          = Mars [[Engineering:Lander (spacecraft)|lander]] and rover
| operator              = [[Organization:European Space Agency|ESA]] & [[Company:Roscosmos|Roscosmos]]
| COSPAR_ID             = <!--spacecraft launched since 1963 only (aka NSSDC ID; eg. 1998-067A)-->
| SATCAT                = <!--satellite catalogue number, omit leading zeroes (e.g. 25544)-->
| website               = {{url|http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/ExoMars/Surface_platform}}
| mission_duration      = Planned: ≥ 1 Earth year<ref name="esa2018sp">{{cite web |url=http://exploration.esa.int/mars/56933-exomars-2018-surface-platform/ |title=Exomars 2018 surface platform |publisher=European Space Agency |accessdate=14 March 2016}}</ref> <!--<br/> Elapsed: {{time interval|}}-->

| manufacturer          = [[Company:Lavochkin|Lavochkin]]
| launch_mass           = Lander: {{convert|827.9|kg|lb|abbr=on}} <br /> Rover: {{convert|310|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
| payload_mass          = Lander: {{convert|45|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
| dimensions            = 
| power                 = Solar panels<ref name='power source 2018'/><!--Have to find out the watts-->

| launch_date           = July 2020<ref name="LaunchMoved2020">{{cite press release |url=http://www.esa.int/For_Media/Press_Releases/Second_ExoMars_mission_moves_to_next_launch_opportunity_in_2020 |title=N° 11–2016: Second ExoMars mission moves to next launch opportunity in 2020 |publisher=ESA |date=2 May 2016 |accessdate=2 May 2016}}</ref><!--{{start-date|df=yes|}}&nbsp;[[UTC]]-->
| launch_rocket         = [[Engineering:Proton-M|Proton-M]]/Briz-M
| launch_site           = 
| launch_contractor     = <!--United Launch Alliance, Arianespace, etc-->

| disposal_type         = <!--deorbited, decommissioned, placed in a graveyard orbit, etc-->
| deactivated           = <!--when craft was decommissioned-->
| destroyed             = <!--when craft was destroyed (if other than by re-entry)-->
| last_contact          = <!--when last signal received if not decommissioned-->
| landing_date          = <!--when the spacecraft made a controlled landing, not needed if it did not return intact-->
| landing_site          = <!--where the craft landed; site/runway or coordinates-->
<!--{{end-date|df=yes|}}&nbsp;UTC-->

|interplanetary         = 
 {{Infobox spaceflight/IP
  |type                 = lander
  |object               = [[Astronomy:Mars|Mars]]
  |arrival_date         = ≈April 2021<ref>{{cite news |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2016/05/02/departure-of-europes-first-mars-rover-delayed-to-2020/ |title=Departure of Europe’s first Mars rover delayed to 2020 |work=Spaceflight Now |date=2 May 2016 |accessdate=15 January 2018}}</ref>
  |location             = <!--landing/impact site, including EOM impacts for atmospheric probes and lunar/asteroid orbiters-->
 }}

| programme             = [[Astronomy:ExoMars|ExoMars]] programme
| previous_mission      = [[Astronomy:ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter|Trace Gas Orbiter]] <br /> and ''[[Engineering:Schiaparelli EDM lander|Schiaparelli]]'' lander
| next_mission          = 
}}
The '''ExoMars 2020 surface platform''' is a planned robotic Mars lander, part of the [[Astronomy:ExoMars|ExoMars]] 2020 mission by the [[Organization:European Space Agency|European Space Agency]] and the Roscosmos State Corporation.

The plan calls for a Russian [[Engineering:Proton-M|Proton-M]] launch vehicle to deliver the Russian-built surface platform as well as the ExoMars rover to the surface of Mars.<ref name="space20130314">{{cite news |url=http://www.space.com/20240-mars-missions-russia-europe.html |title=Russia and Europe Team Up for Mars Missions |work=Space.com |date=14 March 2013 |accessdate=24 January 2016}}</ref> Once safely landed, the platform will deploy the rover and will start a one Earth-year mission to investigate the surface environment at the landing site.<ref name="esa2018sp"/>

The spacecraft was scheduled to launch in 2018 and land on Mars in early 2019,<ref name="space20130314"/> but due to delays in European and Russian industrial activities and deliveries of the scientific payload, it was moved to the [[Engineering:Launch window|launch window]] in July 2020.<ref name="LaunchMoved2020"/>

== Scientific instruments ==

The science payload mass is about 45&nbsp;kg and consists of:<ref name="esa2018sp" />

* The lander radio-science experiment (LaRa) will study the internal structure of Mars, and will make precise measurements of the rotation and orientation of the planet by monitoring two-way Doppler frequency shifts between the surface platform and Earth. It will also detect variations in angular momentum due to the redistribution of masses, such as the migration of ice from the polar caps to the atmosphere. Developed by Belgium.
* The Habitability, Brine, Irradiation and Temperature (HABIT) package will investigate the amount of water vapour in the atmosphere, daily and seasonal variations in ground and air temperatures, and the UV radiation environment. Developed by Sweden.
* Meteorological package (METEO-M). Developed by Russia. The instrument will incorporate the following sensor packages:
** Pressure and humidity sensors (METEO-P, METEO-H). Developed by Finland.
** Radiation and dust sensors (RDM). Developed by Spain.
** Anisotropic magneto-resistance (AMR) sensor to measure magnetic fields. Developed by Spain.
* A [[Physics:Magnetometer|magnetometer]] named MAIGRET. Developed by Russia. The instrument will incorporate the Wave analyser module (WAM), developed by the Czech Republic.
* A set of cameras to characterise the landing site environment (TSPP). Developed by Russia.
* Instrument interface and memory unit (BIP). Developed by Russia.
* IR Fourier spectrometer to study the atmosphere (FAST). Developed by Russia.
* [[Engineering:ADRON-RM#Development|Active Detection of Radiation of Nuclei-ExoMars]] (ADRON-EM). Developed by Russia.
* Multi-channel Diode-Laser Spectrometer for atmospheric investigations (M-DLS). Developed by Russia.
* Radio thermometer for soil temperatures (PAT-M). Developed by Russia.
* Dust particle size, impact, and atmospheric charging instrument suite (Dust Suite). Developed by Russia.
* A [[Earth:Seismometer|seismometer]] named SEM. Developed by Russia.
* [[Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry]] for atmospheric analysis (MGAP). Developed by Russia.

;Power source
The science and communication instruments on the lander platform will be powered by [[Physics:Solar panels on spacecraft|solar panels]] and rechargeable batteries.<ref name='power source 2018'>[http://www.iss-reshetnev.com/media/news/news-231116 ISS-Reshetnev chosen for ExoMars-2020 project]. ISS-Reshetnev. 23 November 2016.</ref> The automated voltage power system is being developed and build by [[Company:Information Satellite Systems Reshetnev|ISS-Reshetnev]].<ref name='power source 2018'/>

Russia previously evaluated the option of using a [[Physics:Radioisotope thermoelectric generator|radioisotope thermoelectric generator]] (RTG) to power the science instruments,<ref name="LanderAmos">{{cite news |first=Jonthan |last=Amos |title=Looking forward to Europe's 'seven minutes of terror' |date=21 June 2013 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-23010103 |work=BBC News}}</ref> and a [[Engineering:Radioisotope heater unit|radioisotope heater unit]] (RHU) to provide thermal control while on the frozen Martian surface.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.russianspaceweb.com/exomars_2016.html |title=ExoMars 2018 |last=Zak |first=Anatoly |work=Russian Space Web |date=3 March 2016 |accessdate=15 March 2016}}</ref>

== Landing site selection ==
[[File:NASA-OxiaPlanum-GeologicalContext-Morphology-20140514.jpg|thumb|300px| Oxia Planum, near the equator, is a proposed landing site for its smooth surface and potential to preserve biosignatures]]

After a review by an ESA-appointed panel, a short list of four sites was formally recommended in October 2014 for further detailed analysis:<ref name="4 candidate sites">{{cite news |url=http://spaceref.com/mars/four-candidate-landing-sites-for-exomars-2018.html |title=Four Candidate Landing Sites for ExoMars 2018 |work=ESA |publisher=Space Ref |date=1 October 2014 |accessdate=1 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://exploration.esa.int/jump.cfm?oid=54707 |title=Recommendation for the Narrowing of ExoMars 2018 Landing Sites |work=ESA |date=1 October 2014 |accessdate=1 October 2014}}</ref>
*[[Astronomy:Mawrth Vallis|Mawrth Vallis]]
*[[Astronomy:Oxia Planum|Oxia Planum]]
*Hypanis Vallis
*[[Astronomy:Oxia Palus quadrangle|Aram Dorsum]]

On 21 October 2015, [[Astronomy:Oxia Planum|Oxia Planum]] was chosen as the preferred landing site for the ExoMars rover assuming a 2018 launch.

Since the launch was postponed to 2020, Aram Dorsum and Mawrth Vallis will also be considered.<ref name="BBC-20151021">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-34584214 |title=ExoMars rover: Landing preference is for Oxia Planum |work=BBC News |last=Amos |first=Jonathan |date=21 October 2015 |accessdate=22 October 2015}}</ref><ref name="UT-20151021">{{cite news |url=http://www.universetoday.com/123018/scientists-want-exomars-rover-to-land-at-oxia-planum/ |title=Scientists Want ExoMars Rover to Land at Oxia Planum |work=Universe Today |last=Atkinson |first=Nancy |date=21 October 2015 |accessdate=22 October 2015}}</ref> ESA convened further workshops to re-evaluate the three remaining options and in March 2017 selected two sites to study in detail:
* [[Astronomy:Mawrth Vallis|Mawrth Vallis]]
* [[Astronomy:Oxia Planum|Oxia Planum]]

The final selection is scheduled to occur approximately one year before launch.<ref name="2 sites">{{cite web |url=http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/ExoMars/Final_two_ExoMars_landing_sites_chosen |title=Final two ExoMars landing sites chosen |publisher=[[Organization:European Space Agency|European Space Agency]] |first1=Markus |last1=Bauer |first2=Jorge |last2=Vago |date=28 March 2017 |accessdate=31 March 2017}}</ref>
{{Clear}}

== References ==
{{reflist|}}

== External links ==
*[http://www.laspace.ru/projects/planets/exomars/ ExoMars 2020] by NPO Lavochkin (in Russian)
*[http://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/psa/exomars_rsp ExoMars Rover and Surface Platform] at ESA's Planetary Science Archive

{{Exomars}}
{{Astrobiology}}
{{Mars spacecraft}}
{{European Space Agency}}
{{Russian space program}}
{{Future spaceflights}}


[[Category:Landers (spacecraft)]]
[[Category:Proposed space probes]]
[[Category:European Space Agency space probes]]
[[Category:Russian space probes]]
[[Category:Attached spacecraft]]
[[Category:Proposed astrobiology space missions]]

{{Sourceattribution|ExoMars 2020 surface platform|1}}