View source for Astronomy:9712 Nauplius

{{Infobox planet
 | minorplanet     = yes
 | name            = 9712 Nauplius
 | background      = #C2FFFF
 | image           = 
 | image_size      = 
 | caption         = 
 | discovery_ref   = &thinsp;<ref name="MPC-object" />
 | discoverer      = [[Biography:Cornelis Johannes van Houten|C. J. van Houten]]<br />[[Biography:Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld|I. van Houten-G.]]<br />[[Biography:Tom Gehrels|T. Gehrels]]
 | discovery_site  = [[Organization:Palomar Observatory|Palomar Obs.]]
 | discovered      = 19 September 1973
 | mpc_name        = (9712) Nauplius
 | alt_names       = {{mp|1973 SO|1}}{{·}}{{mp|1978 EO|9}}<br />{{mp|1989 EB|8}}
 | pronounced      = {{IPAc-en|ˈ|n|ɔː|p|l|i|ə|s}}<ref>Noah Webster (1884) ''A Practical Dictionary of the English Language''</ref>
 | named_after     = Nauplius&thinsp;<ref name="MPC-object" /><br />{{small|(Greek mythology)}}
 | mp_category     = [[Astronomy:Jupiter trojan|Jupiter trojan]]&thinsp;<ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="jpldata" /><br />{{nowrap|Greek&thinsp;<ref name="MPC-Jupiter-Trojans" />{{·}}[[Astronomy:Background asteroid|background]]&thinsp;<ref name="AstDys-object" />}}
 | orbit_ref       = &thinsp;<ref name="jpldata" />
 | epoch           = 23 March 2018 ([[Astronomy:Julian day|JD]] 2458200.5)
 | uncertainty     = 0
 | observation_arc = 43.70 [[Astronomy:Julian year|yr]] (15,963 d)
 | aphelion        = 5.8944 [[Astronomy:Astronomical unit|AU]]
 | perihelion      = 4.5736 AU
 | semimajor       = 5.2340 AU
 | eccentricity    = 0.1262
 | period          = 11.97 yr (4,374 d)
 | mean_anomaly    = 195.94[[Degree (angle)|°]]
 | mean_motion     = {{Deg2DMS|0.0823|sup=ms}} / day
 | inclination     = 8.4625°
 | asc_node        = 176.61°
 | arg_peri        = 274.09°
 | jupiter_moid    = 0.1058 AU
 | tisserand       = 2.9620
 | mean_diameter   = {{val|33.42|4.32|ul=km}}<ref name="Grav-2012" />
 | rotation        = {{val|19.41|0.02|ul=h}}<ref name="Stephens-2014f" />{{efn|name=lightcurve-plots-CS3}}
 | albedo          = {{val|0.083|0.026}}<ref name="Grav-2012" />
 | spectral_type   = [[Astronomy:C-type asteroid|C]] {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="lcdb" />
 | abs_magnitude   = 10.70<ref name="Grav-2012" /><br />10.8<ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" />
}}

'''9712 Nauplius''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|n|ɔː|p|l|i|ə|s}} is a mid-sized [[Astronomy:Jupiter trojan|Jupiter trojan]] from the Greek camp, approximately {{convert|33|km|mi|abbr=off|sigfig=2|sp=us}} in diameter. It was discovered during the second Palomar–Leiden Trojan survey at the [[Organization:Palomar Observatory|Palomar Observatory]] in 1973 and later named after Nauplius the Wrecker, from Greek mythology.<ref name="MPC-object" /> The dark Jovian [[Astronomy:Asteroid|asteroid]] has a [[Rotation period|rotation period]] of 19.4 hours.<ref name="lcdb" />

== Discovery ==

''Nauplius'' was discovered on 19 September 1973, by Dutch astronomer couple [[Biography:Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld|Ingrid]] and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden, on [[Physics:Photographic plate|photographic plate]]s taken by astronomer [[Biography:Tom Gehrels|Tom Gehrels]] at the [[Organization:Palomar Observatory|Palomar Observatory]] in California.<ref name="MPC-object" /> The body's [[Astronomy:Observation arc|observation arc]] begins with its official discovery observation at Palomar.<ref name="MPC-object" />

=== Palomar–Leiden Trojan survey ===


== Orbit and classification ==

''Nauplius'' is a dark [[Astronomy:Jupiter trojan|Jupiter trojan]] in a 1:1 orbital resonance with Jupiter. It is located in the leading Greek camp at the Gas Giant's {{L4}} [[Astronomy:Lagrangian point|Lagrangian point]], 60[[Degree (angle)|°]] ahead on its orbit {{crossreference|(see Trojans in astronomy)}}.<ref name="MPC-Jupiter-Trojans" /> It is also a non-[[Astronomy:Asteroid family|family]] asteroid of the [[Astronomy:Background asteroid|Jovian background population]].<ref name="AstDys-object" /> It orbits the Sun at a distance of 4.6–5.9&nbsp;[[Astronomy:Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 12 years (4,374 days; semi-major axis of 5.23&nbsp;AU). Its orbit has an [[Astronomy:Orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.13 and an [[Astronomy:Orbital inclination|inclination]] of 8[[Degree (angle)|°]] with respect to the [[Astronomy:Ecliptic|ecliptic]].<ref name="jpldata" />

== Naming ==

This [[Astronomy:Minor planet|minor planet]] was named after Nauplius, a son of [[Religion:Poseidon|Poseidon]] and Amymone. He was a king of Euboea and the father of Palamedes, who was killed after a false accusation by Odysseus during the Trojan War. Nauplius revenged the death of his son by placing lights on the cliffs of his kingdom, causing the Greek fleet to shipwreck on its return from Troy.<ref name="MPC-object" /> The official naming citation was published by the [[Organization:Minor Planet Center|Minor Planet Center]] on 2 April 1999 ({{small|M.P.C. 34355}}).<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive" />

== Physical characteristics ==

''Nauplius'' is an assumed [[Astronomy:C-type asteroid|C-type asteroid]], while the majority of larger Jupiter trojans are [[Astronomy:D-type asteroid|D-type]]s.<ref name="lcdb" />

=== Rotation period ===

In March 2014, a first rotational [[Astronomy:Lightcurve|lightcurve]] of ''Nauplius'' was obtained from [[Astronomy:Photometry|photometric]] observations over a total of eight nights by Robert Stephens at the Center for Solar System Studies in Landers, California. Lightcurve analysis gave a [[Rotation period|rotation period]] of {{val|19.41|0.02}} hours with a relatively high brightness amplitude of 0.48 [[Astronomy:Magnitude|magnitude]] ({{small|U=2}}).<ref name="Stephens-2014f" />{{efn|name=lightcurve-plots-CS3}}

=== Diameter and albedo ===

According to the survey carried out by the [[Astronomy:NEOWISE|NEOWISE]] mission of NASA's [[Astronomy:Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer|Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer]], ''Nauplius'' measures 33.42 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an [[Astronomy:Astronomical albedo|albedo]] of 0.083,<ref name="Grav-2012" /> while the ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' assumes a standard albedo for a carbonaceous asteroid of 0.057 and calculates a diameter of 38.51 kilometers based on an [[Astronomy:Absolute magnitude|absolute magnitude]] of 10.8.<ref name="lcdb" />

{{Largest Jupiter trojans}}

== Notes ==
{{notelist|refs=

{{efn|name=lightcurve-plots-CS3|1=Lightcurve plots of (9712) Nauplius from [http://www.planetarysciences.org/plots/RDS/9712_NAUPLIUS_2014-03-09.PNG Mar 2014] by Robert Stephens at the Center for Solar System Studies {{Obscode|U81}}. Quality code is 3- (lightcurve rating at CS3). Summary figures at the [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=9712%7CNauplius LCDB] and [http://www.planetarysciences.org/PHP/CS3_Lightcurves.php CS3].}}

}} <!-- end of notelist -->

== References ==
{{reflist|30em|refs=

<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
  |type       = 2017-06-03 last obs.
  |title      = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 9712 Nauplius (1973 SO1)
  |url        = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2009712
  |publisher  = [[Organization:Jet Propulsion Laboratory|Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
  |access-date = 3 July 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web
  |title      = 9712 Nauplius (1973 SO1)
  |work       = Minor Planet Center
  |url        = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=9712
  |access-date = 3 July 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-Jupiter-Trojans">{{cite web
  |title      = List of Jupiter Trojans
  |work       = Minor Planet Center
  |first3     = V. |last3 = Carruba
  |date       = 1 July 2018
  |url        = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/JupiterTrojans.html
  |access-date = 3 July 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-discoverers">{{cite web
  |title      = Minor Planet Discoverers
  |work       = Minor Planet Center
  |url        = https://minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/MPDiscsNum.html
  |date       = 31 May 2018
  |access-date = 3 July 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive">{{cite web
  |title      = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive
  |work       = Minor Planet Center
  |url        = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html
  |access-date = 3 July 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="Grav-2012">{{cite journal
  |first1     = T. |last1 = Grav
  |first2     = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer
  |first3     = J. M. |last3 = Bauer
  |first4     = J. R. |last4 = Masiero
  |first5     = C. R. |last5 = Nugent
  |date       = November 2012
  |title      = WISE/NEOWISE Observations of the Jovian Trojan Population: Taxonomy
  |url        = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2012ApJ...759...49G
  |journal    = The Astrophysical Journal
  |volume     = 759
  |issue      = 1
  |page       = 10
  |bibcode    = 2012ApJ...759...49G
  |doi        = 10.1088/0004-637X/759/1/49
  |arxiv      = 1209.1549
  |s2cid = 119101711
 |access-date= 3 July 2018}} ([http://vizier.cfa.harvard.edu/viz-bin/VizieR-6?-source=J/ApJ/759/49/table1&MPC=09712 online catalog])</ref>

<ref name="AstDys-object">{{cite web
  |title      = Asteroid (9712) Nauplius – Proper Elements
  |publisher  = AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site
  |url        = https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?n=9712&pc=1.1.6
  |access-date= 3 July 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web
  |title      = LCDB Data for (9712) Nauplius
  |publisher  = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
  |url        = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=9712%7CNauplius
  |access-date = 3 July 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="Stephens-2014f">{{Cite journal
  |first1     = Robert D. |last1 = Stephens
  |first2     = Daniel R. |last2 = Coley
  |first3     = Linda M. |last3 = French
  |date       = October 2014
  |title      = Trojan Asteroids Observed from CS3: 2014 January-May
  |url        = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2014MPBu...41..210S
  |journal    = The Minor Planet Bulletin
  |volume     = 41
  |issue      = 4
  |pages      = 210–212
  |issn       = 1052-8091
  |bibcode    = 2014MPBu...41..210S
  |access-date= 3 July 2018}}</ref>

}} <!-- end of reflist -->

== External links ==
* [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }})
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
* [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs005001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (5001)-(10000)] – Minor Planet Center
* [https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/SimpleSearch/results.action?targetName=9712+Nauplius Asteroid 9712 Nauplius] at the Small Bodies Data Ferret
* {{AstDys|9712}}
* {{JPL small body}}

{{Small Solar System bodies}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nauplius}}
[[Category:Named minor planets]]

{{Sourceattribution|9712 Nauplius}}