View source for Astronomy:3 Vulpeculae

{{Short description|Star in the constellation Vulpecula}}
{{Starbox begin 
| name = 3 Vulpeculae
}}
{{Starbox image
| image = [[Image:V377VulLightCurve.png|250px]]
| caption = A [[Astronomy:Light curve|light curve]] for V377 Vulpeculae, plotted from ''[[Astronomy:Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite|TESS]]'' data<ref name=MAST/>
}}
{{Starbox observe 
| epoch = J2000.0
| constell = [[Astronomy:Vulpecula|Vulpecula]]
| ra = {{RA|19|22|50.88540}}<ref name=GaiaDR2>{{Cite Gaia DR2|685299763366337664}}</ref>
| dec = {{DEC|+26|15|44.6676}}<ref name=GaiaDR2/>
| appmag_v = 5.18<ref name=Anderson2012/>
}} 
{{Starbox character 
| class = B6&nbsp;III<ref name=Cucchiaro1977>{{cite journal|bibcode=1977A&AS...30...71C|title=Spectral classification from the ultraviolet line features of S2/68 spectra. II - Late B-type stars|journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series|volume=30|pages=71|last1=Cucchiaro|first1=A.|last2=Macau-Hercot|first2=D.|last3=Jaschek|first3=M.|last4=Jaschek|first4=C.|year=1977}}</ref>
| r-i = 
| v-r = 
| b-v = {{Val|−0.119|0.001}}<ref name=Anderson2012>{{cite journal
 | title=XHIP: An extended hipparcos compilation
 | last1=Anderson | first1=E. | last2=Francis | first2=Ch.
 | journal=Astronomy Letters | arxiv=1108.4971
 | volume=38 | issue=5 | pages=331 | year=2012
 | bibcode=2012AstL...38..331A | doi=10.1134/S1063773712050015 | s2cid=119257644 }}</ref>
| u-b = 
| variable = [[Astronomy:Slowly pulsating B-type star|SPB]]<ref name=dukes/><ref name=Samus2017>{{cite journal
 | display-authors=1 | last1=Samus | first1=N. N.
 | last2=Kazarovets | first2=E. V. | last3=Durlevich | first3=O. V.
 | last4=Kireeva | first4=N. N. | last5=Pastukhova | first5=E. N.
 | title=General Catalogue of Variable Stars
 | version=5.1 | journal=Astronomy Reports
 | year=2017 | volume=61 | issue=1 | pages=80–88
 | doi=10.1134/S1063772917010085 | bibcode=2017ARep...61...80S | s2cid=125853869 }}</ref>
}} 
{{Starbox astrometry 
| radial_v = {{Val|−14.1|1.1}}<ref name=Anderson2012/>
| prop_mo_ra = +1.081<ref name=GaiaDR2/>
| prop_mo_dec = −10.270<ref name=GaiaDR2/>
| parallax =  9.0575
| p_error = 0.1967
| parallax_footnote = <ref name=GaiaDR2/>
| absmag_v = −0.17<ref name=Anderson2012/>
}}
{{Starbox orbit
| reference = <ref name=dukes/>
| period_unitless = 367.7
| eccentricity = 0.15
| k1 = 6.8
}}
{{Starbox detail 
| component1 = A
| mass = 4.16<ref name=dukes/>
| radius = 
| luminosity = {{Val|286|64|52}}<ref name=Walczak2012>{{cite journal
 | title=Constraints on stellar parameters of the slowly pulsating B star HD 182255 from complex asteroseismology
 | last1=Walczak | first1=P. | last2=Szewczuk | first2=W.
 | last3=Daszyńska-Daszkiewicz | first3=J. | display-authors=1
 | journal=Astronomische Nachrichten
 | volume=333 | issue=10 | page=1065 | date=December 2012
 | doi=10.1002/asna.201211824 | bibcode=2012AN....333.1065W
 | arxiv=1212.4643 | s2cid=116926922 }}</ref>
| gravity = 4.30<ref name=dukes/>
| temperature = 14,343<ref name=dukes/>
| metal_fe =
| rotational_velocity = 15.5<ref name=Zverko2016>{{cite journal
 | title=Stars with discrepant v sin i as derived from the Ca II λ3933 Å and Mg II λ4481 Å lines. V. HD 182255 and HD 214923—SPB stars in binary systems
 | last1=Zverko | first1=J. | last2=Romanyuk | first2=I.
 | last3=Iliev | first3=I. | last4=Kudryavtsev | first4=D.
 | last5=Stateva | first5=I. | last6=Semenko | first6=E.
 | journal=Astrophysical Bulletin
 | volume=71 | issue=2 | pages=199–207 | date=April 2016
 | doi=10.1134/S1990341316020073 | bibcode=2016AstBu..71..199Z | s2cid=124871780 }}</ref>
| component2 = B
| mass2 = 0.6 - 1.1<ref name=dukes/>
| age_myr2 = 25<ref name=dukes/>
}}
{{Starbox catalog
| names = {{odlist | V=V377&nbsp;Vulpeculae | F=3&nbsp;Vul | BD=+25°3811 | HD=182255 | HIP=95260 | HR=7358 | SAO=87136 | GC=26748 }}<ref name=SIMBAD>{{cite simbad | title=3 Vul | access-date=2019-03-13 }}</ref>
}}
{{Starbox reference
| Simbad = HD+182255
}}
{{Starbox end}}

'''3 Vulpeculae''' (abbreviated '''3 Vul''') is a [[Astronomy:Binary star|binary star]] system in the northern [[Astronomy:Constellation|constellation]] of [[Astronomy:Vulpecula|Vulpecula]],<ref name=SIMBAD/> located around 360&nbsp;[[Light year|light year]]s away from the Sun.<ref name=GaiaDR2/> ''3 Vulpeculae'' is its [[Astronomy:Flamsteed designation|Flamsteed designation]]. It is visible to the naked eye as a faint, blue-white hued star with a baseline [[Astronomy:Apparent visual magnitude|apparent visual magnitude]] of 5.18.<ref name=Anderson2012/>

3 Vul has been nicknamed "the Observer's Nightmare" (or its Latin free translation, "Spectatori Error Inextricabilis") by some astronomers<ref name=kaler>{{cite web
  |title=3 Vul
  |first=Jim|last=Kaler
  |url=http://stars.astro.illinois.edu/sow/3vul.html
  |access-date=2016-08-09}}</ref><ref name=dukes>{{cite journal
| last1       = Dukes
| first1      = Robert
| last2      = Kubinec
| first2     = William
| last3      = Kubinec
| first3     = Angela
| last4      = Adelman
| first4     = Saul
| date       = 2003
| title      = A Photometric and Spectroscopic Study of 3 Vulpeculae: An Observer's Nightmare
| journal    = The Astronomical Journal
| volume     = 126
| issue      = 1
| pages      = 370
| doi        = 10.1086/375463
|bibcode = 2003AJ....126..370D | doi-access= free
}}</ref> because it is difficult to study as its orbital period is close to a year, and additionally it is pulsating with a period close to a day.<ref name=dukes/>  
From a twenty-year spectroscopic study, Hube and Aikman established a 367-day orbital period, and noted the presence of non-radial pulsations in the primary star. From sparse photometry, the authors also established the star's light variability. They suggested that the primary is a member of the 53 Persei class of variable stars.<ref name=hube1991>{{cite journal |title=3 Vulpeculae: A non-radial pulsator in a one-year binary system |journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific |date=1991 |volume=103 |issue=659 |page=49-62  |doi=10.1086/132794 |bibcode=1991PASP..103...49H | doi-access= free|last1=Hube |first1=Douglas P. |last2=Aikman |first2=G. C. L. }}</ref> Such stars are now collectively known by the term [[Astronomy:Slowly pulsating B-type star|slowly pulsating B-type star]]s. It's photometric variation led to a [[Astronomy:Variable star designation|variable star designation]], as '''V377&nbsp;Vulpeculae''', but the non-reproducibility of the light curve made determination of the pulsation period elusive.

Continuous monitoring of the star by the [[Astronomy:Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite|Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite]] has revealed a beat-period phenomenon in the light curve, which causes the luminosity variations to fluctuate in amplitude.  The pulsations are non-radial, that is, the star's photosphere varies in shape rather than volume; different parts of the star are expanding and contracting simultaneously. These gravity waves, or g-mode waves, can be indicative of the interior structure of the star.{{cn|date=December 2022}}

The primary member, designated component A, is a most likely a [[Astronomy:B-type main-sequence star|B-type main-sequence star]]<ref name=Walczak2012/> with a [[Astronomy:Stellar classification|stellar classification]] of B6&nbsp;III.<ref name=Cucchiaro1977/>  The star has 4.16<ref name=dukes/> times the mass of the Sun and is radiating 286<ref name=Walczak2012/> times the Sun's luminosity from its [[Astronomy:Photosphere|photosphere]] at an [[Astronomy:Effective temperature|effective temperature]] of 14,343&nbsp;K.<ref name=dukes/> The secondary has an estimated 0.6–1.1 [[Astronomy:Solar mass|solar mass]]es.<ref name=dukes/>

==References==

{{Reflist|refs=

<ref name=MAST>{{cite web |title=MAST: Barbara A. Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes |url=https://mast.stsci.edu/portal/Mashup/Clients/Mast/Portal.html |publisher=Space Telescope Science Institute |access-date=8 December 2021}}</ref>

}}

{{Stars of Vulpecula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:3 Vulpeculae}}
[[Category:B-type giants]]
[[Category:Spectroscopic binaries]]
[[Category:Vulpecula]]
[[Category:Durchmusterung objects]]
[[Category:Flamsteed objects|Vulpeculae, 03]]
[[Category:Henry Draper Catalogue objects|182255]]
[[Category:Hipparcos objects|095260]]
[[Category:Bright Star Catalogue objects|7538]]
[[Category:Objects with variable star designations|Vulpeculae, V377]]

{{Sourceattribution|3 Vulpeculae}}