View source for Astronomy:367943 Duende

{{Short description|Near-Earth object}}
{{Infobox planet
 | minorplanet     = yes
 | name            = 367943 Duende
 | background      = #FFC2E0
 | image           = Radar-2012DA14-Goldstone.jpg
 | image_scale      =
 | caption         = [[Astronomy:Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex|Goldstone]] [[Astronomy:Radar astronomy|radar]] collage of Duende on 15–16 February 2013
 | discovery_ref   = &thinsp;<ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="MPEC" />
 | discoverer      = OAM
 | discovery_site  = [[Astronomy:La Sagra Observatory|La Sagra Obs.]]
 | discovered      = 23 February 2012
 | mpc_name        = (367943) Duende
 | alt_names       = {{mp|2012 DA|14}}
 | pronounced      = 
 | named_after     = Duende<br />{{small|(Iberian/Filipino mythology)}}<ref name="MPC-object" />
 | mp_category     = {{Hlist
  | [[Astronomy:Near-Earth object|NEO]]
  | [[Astronomy:Aten asteroid|Aten]]&thinsp;<ref name="jpldata" />
  | [[Astronomy:Atira asteroid|Atira]]&thinsp;<ref name="MPC-object" />
  | [[Astronomy:Apollo asteroid|Apollo]] {{small|(pre-2013)}}<ref name="NASA-news-177" />
  }}
 | orbit_ref       = &thinsp;<ref name="jpldata" />
 | epoch           = 23 March 2018 ([[Astronomy:Julian day|JD]]&nbsp;2458200.5)
 | uncertainty     = 0
 | observation_arc = 364 days
 | aphelion        = 0.9916&nbsp;[[Astronomy:Astronomical unit|AU]]
 | perihelion      = 0.8289&nbsp;AU
 | semimajor       = 0.9103&nbsp;AU
 | eccentricity    = 0.0894
 | period          = 0.87&nbsp;[[Astronomy:Julian year|yr]] (317 days)
 | mean_anomaly    = 113.74[[Degree (angle)|°]]
 | mean_motion     = {{Deg2DMS|1.1349|sup=ms}} / day
 | inclination     = 11.609°
 | asc_node        = 146.96°
 | arg_peri        = 195.60°
 | moid            = {{val|9.52648|e=-5|u=AU}} (0.037&nbsp;[[Astronomy:Lunar distance|LD]])
 | dimensions      = {{Val|20|x|40|ul=m}} {{small|(elongated)}}<ref name="Goldstone" /><ref name="MPC-twitter" />
 | mean_diameter   = {{Ubl
  | {{val|18|u=m}}<ref name="de-Leon-2014" />
  | {{val|45|-|50|u=m}}<ref name="NASA-risk-archive" />
  | {{val|47|u=m}} {{small|(calculated)}}<ref name="lcdb" />
  }}
 | rotation        = {{Ubl
  | {{val|8|ul=h}} {{small|(lower limit)}}{{efn|name=lcdb-Benner-2013a}}
  | {{val|8.95|0.08|u=h}}<ref name="de-Leon-2014" />
  | {{val|9.1|0.5|u=h}}<ref name="Gary-2013a" />{{efn|name=lightcurve-plot-Gary}}
  | {{val|9.485|0.144|u=h}}<ref name="Elenin-2013" />
  | {{val|11.0|1.8|u=h}}<ref name="Terai-2014" />
  }}
 | albedo          = {{Ubl
  | 0.20 {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="lcdb" />
  | {{val|0.44|0.20}}<ref name="de-Leon-2014" />
  }}
 | spectral_type   = {{Hlist
  | [[Astronomy:L-type asteroid|L]]&thinsp;<ref name="Goldstone" /><ref name="de-Leon-2014" /><ref name="Urakawa-2013" />
  | [[Astronomy:S-type asteroid|S]]/[[Astronomy:V-type asteroid|V]]&thinsp;<ref name="lcdb" />
  }}
 | magnitude       = 7.2 {{small|(2013 peak)}}<ref name="NEODyS2013" />
 | abs_magnitude   = {{Ubl
  | 24.0<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" />
  | 24.4 {{small|(2012-estimate)}}<ref name="NASA-risk-archive" />
  | {{val|24.78|0.11}} {{small|(R)}}<ref name="Terai-2014" />
  | {{val|25.0|0.2}}<ref name="de-Leon-2014" />
  }}
}}
'''367943 Duende''' ([[Astronomy:Provisional designation in astronomy|provisional designation]] '''{{mp|2012 DA|14}}''') is a micro-[[Astronomy:Asteroid|asteroid]] and a [[Astronomy:Near-Earth object|near-Earth object]] of the [[Astronomy:Aten asteroid|Aten]] and [[Astronomy:Atira asteroid|Atira group]], approximately {{convert|30|m|ft|sp=us}} in diameter. It was discovered by astronomers of the Astronomical Observatory of Mallorca at its robotic [[Astronomy:La Sagra Observatory|La Sagra Observatory]] in 2012, and named for the duende, a goblin-like creature from Iberian and Filipino mythology and folklore.<ref name="MPC-object" /> ''Duende'' is likely an uncommon [[Astronomy:L-type asteroid|L-type asteroid]] and significantly elongated. For an asteroid of its size, it has a relatively long [[Rotation period|rotation period]] of 9.485 hours.<ref name="lcdb" />

On 15 February 2013, ''Duende'' passed at a record distance of {{convert|27,700|km|mi|abbr=on}} or 4.3 [[Astronomy:Earth radius|Earth radii]] from Earth's surface.<ref name="NASA-news-177" /> Due to its close passage, its orbit was [[Astronomy:Perturbation|perturbed]] significantly enough that it changed from an [[Astronomy:Apollo asteroid|Apollo asteroid]] to an [[Astronomy:Aten asteroid|Aten asteroid]].  ''Duende''{{'s}} passage also [[Physics:Chelyabinsk meteor#Coincidental asteroid approach|coincided]] with the completely unrelated [[Physics:Chelyabinsk meteor|Chelyabinsk meteor]], which entered Earth's atmosphere above Russia just 16 hours earlier.<ref name="news130301"/><ref name="meteor" /><ref name="ESA" />

== Discovery and past risk assessments ==

''Duende'' was discovered on 23 February 2012, seven days after passing {{convert|0.0174|AU|km mi|abbr=on|lk=on}} from Earth,<ref name="jpl-close" /> by the [[Astronomy:La Sagra Observatory|La Sagra Observatory]] in Granada Province, {{wipe|Spain}},<ref name="MPEC" /> using a 0.45-m [[Astronomy:Reflecting telescope|reflector]] which was remotely operated by amateur astronomers at the Astronomical Observatory of Mallorca.<ref name="Tri-City-Herald" />

The still relatively imprecise orbit deduced from the short arc of the 2012 observations already made clear that Duende would pass no closer to Earth's surface than 3.2 Earth radii during its 2013 passage.<ref name="news174" /> There was at the time, however, a cumulative risk of 0.033% (1 in 3,030) that ''Duende'' would impact Earth during one of its 2026 to 2069 approaches.<ref name="NASA-risk-archive" />

==2013 passage==
[[File:2012da14-news174.jpg|upright=0.8|thumb|left|Diagram of ''Duende'' passing Earth on 15 February 2013]]
[[File:Animation of 2012 DA14 orbit around Sun.gif|thumb|left|Animation of Duende's orbit around Sun<br />{{legend2|magenta|Duende}}{{·}}{{legend2|Yellow|[[Astronomy:Sun|Sun]]}}{{·}}{{legend2|Royalblue|Earth}}]]
On 9 January 2013, Duende was observed again by Las Campanas Observatory and the observation arc immediately increased from 79 days to 321 days.<ref name="MPC-object" /> On 15 February 2013 at 19:25 [[Astronomy:Universal Time|UT]], Duende passed {{convert|0.0002276|AU|km mi|abbr=on|lk=on}} from the center of Earth, with an uncertainty region of about {{convert|0.0000001|AU|km mi|abbr=on|lk=off}}.<ref name="jpl-close" />

It passed {{convert|27743|km|sp=us}} above Earth's surface, closer than satellites in [[Astronomy:Geosynchronous orbit|geosynchronous orbit]]. It briefly peaked at an [[Astronomy:Apparent magnitude|apparent magnitude]] of roughly 7.2, a factor of a few fainter than would have been visible to the [[Astronomy:Naked eye|naked eye]]. The best observation location for the closest approach was Indonesia. Eastern Europe, Asia, and Australia also were well situated to observe Duende during its closest approach.<ref name="NASA-news-177" />

''Duende'' was not expected to pass any closer than 1950&nbsp;km to any satellites.<ref name="jsr" /> [[Astronomy:Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex|Goldstone Observatory]] observed Duende with [[Astronomy:Radar astronomy|radar]] from February 16 to February 20.<ref name="Goldstone" /><ref name="Spacedaily" /> Radar observations showed that it is an elongated asteroid with dimensions of {{convert|20|x|40|m|ft|abbr=off|sp=us}}.<ref name="Plait" /> This gives Duende a [[Geometric mean|geometric mean]] (spherical) diameter equivalent to {{convert|28|m|sp=us}}.

During the close approach, an observational campaign involving 5 different telescopes in 4 different observatories was carried on in order to get information on the physical properties of this NEO.<ref name="de-Leon-2014" />

Visible and near-Infrared photometry and visible spectroscopy were obtained at [[Astronomy:Gran Telescopio Canarias|Gran Telescopio Canarias]], Telescopio Nazionale Galileo and Calar Alto Observatory and put together. The classification using the M4AST online tool says this is an L-type asteroid. Those peculiar asteroids are characterized by a strongly reddish spectrum shortward of 0.8 μm, and a featureless flat spectrum longward of this, with little or no concave-up curvature related to a 1 μm silicon absorption band.
Time-series photometry was also obtained in the Observatorio de La Hita ({{small|I95}})<ref name="MPEC" /> and Observatorio de Sierra Nevada{{Citation needed|date=December 2014}} during two consecutive nights (15–16 February 2013). All of this data were co-phased to build a [[Astronomy:Lightcurve|lightcurve]] of the object. This lightcurve is double-peak and presents large variations in magnitude, implying a very elongated object, which is compatible with radar observations.<ref name="Goldstone" /> The amplitude of the lightcurve yields an axial ratio that, together with the long axis of 40&nbsp;m inferred from the radar images by [[Astronomy:Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex|Goldstone]], results in an equivalent diameter of 18&nbsp;m, much smaller than the estimations before the close-approach.

The rotational period was precisely determined from the lightcurve obtaining a value of {{Val|8.95|0.08|u=hours}}.<ref name="de-Leon-2014" /> This value is confirmed with an analysis of all the photometry of this objects reported to the [[Organization:Minor Planet Center|Minor Planet Center]]. Using data pre and post close approach the authors find that the object suffered a spin-up during the event that decreased the rotational period from {{val|9.8|0.1}} down to {{val|8.8|0.1}} hours, which is compatible with the more accurate value estimated from the light-curve.<ref name="lcdb" />

[[File:Earth and 2012 DA14 - 2013.svg|thumb|left|Closest approach of asteroid drawn to scale.]]

=== Orbital shift ===

The close approach to Earth reduced the orbital period of Duende from 368 days to 317 days, Its aphelion was reduced from 1.110 to 0.9917&nbsp;AU, leaving it almost entirely inside Earth's orbit and [[Astronomy:Perturbation|perturbing]] it from the Apollo class to the [[Astronomy:Aten asteroid|Aten]] class of near-Earth asteroids.<ref name="NASA-news-177" /><ref name="Horizons" />

Its next close approach to Earth will be on 15 February 2046, when it will pass about {{convert|0.0148|AU|km mi|abbr=on|lk=on}} from Earth. Based on 7 radar observations, the next close approach to Earth similar to the 2013 passage will be on 16 February 2123, when Duende will pass no closer than {{convert|0.0002|AU|km mi|abbr=on|lk=on}} from the center of Earth. For the 2123 passage, the [[Curve fitting|nominal]] pass will be {{convert|0.003|AU|km mi|abbr=on|lk=off}} from the center of the Moon and then {{convert|0.005|AU|km mi|abbr=on|lk=off}} from the center of Earth.<ref name=jpl-close/>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size: 0.9em;"
! width= 70 | Parameter
! width= 80 | [[Astronomy:Epoch|Epoch]]
! width= 60 | [[Astronomy:Apsis|Aphelion]]<br />(Q)
! width= 60 | [[Astronomy:Apsis|Perihelion]]<br />(q)
! width=100 | Semi-major axis<br />(a)
! width= 60 | [[Astronomy:Orbital eccentricity|Eccentricity]]<br />(e)
! width= 60 | [[Astronomy:Orbital period|Period]]<br />(p)
! width= 60 | [[Astronomy:Orbital inclination|Inclination]]<br />(i)
! width=170 | [[Longitude of the ascending node|Longitude ascending node]]<br />(Ω)
! width=100 | [[Astronomy:Mean anomaly|Mean anomaly]]<br />(M)
! width=150 | [[Argument of periapsis|Argument of perihelion]]<br />(ω)
|- 
! Units
!
! colspan=3 | [[Astronomy:Astronomical unit|AU]]
!
! (days)
! colspan=4| (°)
|- align=center
! Pre-flyby
| {{nowrap|30 Sep 2012}}
| 1.110
| 0.8935
| 1.001
| 0.1081
| 366.2
| 10.33°
| 147.2°
| 299.9°
| 271.0°
|- align=center
! Post-flyby
| 18 Apr 2013
| 0.9917
| 0.8289
| 0.9103
| 0.0894
| 317.2
| 11.60°
| 146.9°
| 231.0°
| 195.5°
|}

== Risks ==
[[File:2012 DA14.ogv|thumb|[[Two-body problem|Two-body simulation]] of the Sun and Duende during the 2013 Earth approach, N-body perturbations are not considered.]]

Risk assessments calculated before the 2013 passage were based on a diameter of 45 meters and a mass of 130,000 [[Tonne|tonne]]s.<ref name="NASA-risk-archive" /> It was estimated that, if it were ever to impact Earth, it would enter the atmosphere at a speed of 12.7&nbsp;km/s, would have a [[Physics:Kinetic energy|kinetic energy]] equivalent to 2.4 [[Physics:TNT equivalent|megatons of TNT]],<ref name="NASA-risk-archive" /> and would produce an air burst with the equivalent of 2.1 megatons of TNT<ref name="Earth-impact" /> at an altitude of roughly {{convert|10.1|km|ft|sp=us}}.<ref name="Earth-impact" /> The [[Physics:Tunguska event|Tunguska event]] has been estimated at 3–20 megatons.<ref name="Sandia" /> Asteroids of approximately 50 meters in diameter are expected to impact Earth once every 1,200 years or so.<ref name="science" /> Asteroids larger than 35 meters across can pose a threat to a town or city,<ref name="SA2013" /> and the [[Physics:Chelyabinsk meteor|Chelyabinsk meteor]] which serendipitously occurred on the day of the 2013 passage was due to a 17-meter asteroid. As a result of radar observations, it is now known that Duende is only about 30 meters in diameter.<ref name="Goldstone" />
* The uncertainty region of Duende during planetary encounters is now well determined through 2123.<ref name=jpl-close/>
* Duende was therefore removed from the [[Astronomy:Sentry (monitoring system)|Sentry Risk Table]] on 16 February 2013.<ref name="removed"/>
* It is estimated that there are more than a million near-Earth asteroids smaller than 100 meters.<ref name="NEOWISE2011-304"/>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+Airburst estimates for a stony asteroid with a diameter ranging from 30 to 85 meters<ref name="Earth-impact" />
|-
!width= 80|Diameter
!width=230|[[Physics:Kinetic energy|Kinetic energy]] at atmospheric entry 
!width=110|Airburst energy 
!width=120|Airburst altitude 
!width=130|Average frequency
|-
| {{convert|30|m|abbr=on|lk=on}} || 708 [[Physics:TNT equivalent|kt]] || 530 kt || {{convert|16.1|km|ft||abbr=on|lk=on}} || 185 years
|-
| {{convert|50|m|abbr=on|lk=off}} || 3.3 [[Physics:TNT equivalent|Mt]] || 2.9 Mt || {{convert|8.5|km|ft||abbr=on|lk=off}} || 764 years
|-
| {{convert|70|m|abbr=on|lk=off}} || 9 Mt || 8.5 Mt || {{convert|3.4|km|ft||abbr=on|lk=off}} || 1900 years
|-
| {{convert|85|m|abbr=on|lk=off}} || 16.1 Mt || 15.6 Mt || {{convert|0.435|km|ft||abbr=on|lk=off}} || 3300 years
|}
The table above uses [[Astronomy:Sentry (monitoring system)|Sentry]]'s stony asteroid density of 2600&nbsp;kg/m<sup>3</sup>, Sentry's atmospheric entry velocity (V<sub>impact</sub>) of 12.7&nbsp;km/s,<ref name="NASA-risk-archive" /> and an angle of 45 degrees.

For kinetic energy at atmospheric entry, 3.3 Mt is equivalent to DF-4, 9 Mt is equivalent to Ivy Mike and 15.6 Mt is equivalent to Castle Bravo. For air burst energy, 530&nbsp;kt is equivalent to W88 and 2.9&nbsp;Mt is equivalent to [[Engineering:R-12 Dvina|R-12 Dvina]].{{Citation needed|date=December 2014}}

== Naming ==

This [[Astronomy:Minor planet|minor planet]] was named after the duende, fairy- or [[Unsolved:Goblin|goblin]]-like mythological creatures from [[Place:Iberian Peninsula|Iberian]], Latin American and Filipino folklore.<ref name="MPC-object" /> The approved naming citation was published by the [[Organization:Minor Planet Center|Minor Planet Center]] 17 November 2013 {{small|(M.P.C. 85916)}}.<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive" />

== See also ==
* {{mpl|2010 GA|6}} 
* [[Astronomy:2011 MD|2011 MD]]
* [[Unsolved:2013 PDC-E|2013 PDC-E]]
* [[Astronomy:(29075) 1950 DA|(29075) 1950 DA]]
* [[Astronomy:99942 Apophis|99942 Apophis]]
* {{mpl|2008 TC|3}}
* [[Engineering:Don Quijote (spacecraft)|Don Quijote (spacecraft)]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist|refs=

{{efn|name=lcdb-Benner-2013a|1=rotation period of at least {{val|8}} hours (lower limit). Radiometric observations from 16 February 2013. No Quality Code given. Summary figures for (367943) Duende at [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=367943%7CDuende LCDB]}}

{{efn|name=lightcurve-plot-Gary|1=[http://brucegary.net/2012DA14/ Lightcurve plot of 2012 DA14 (367943 Duende)], Bruce L. Gary, Hereford Arizona Observatory, (2013). Period of {{val|9.1|0.5}} hours, and a high brightness amplitude of {{val|1.37|0.03}}. Quality Code of 3-. Summary figures at [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=367943%7CDuende LCDB]}}

}} <!-- end of notelist -->

== References ==
{{reflist|30em|refs=

<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
  |type       = 2013-02-21 last obs.
  |title      = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 367943 Duende (2012 DA14)
  |url        = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2367943;cad=1
  |publisher  = [[Organization:Jet Propulsion Laboratory|Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
  |access-date = 20 February 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web
  |title      = 367943 Duende (2012 DA14)
  |work       = Minor Planet Center
  |url        = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=367943
  |access-date = 20 February 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive">{{cite web
  |title      = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive
  |work       = Minor Planet Center
  |url        = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html
  |access-date = 20 February 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="MPEC">{{cite web
  |date       = 24 February 2012
  |title      = MPEC 2012-D51 : 2012 DA14
  |publisher  = IAU Minor Planet Center
  |url        = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/mpec/K12/K12D51.html
  |access-date = 20 February 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web
  |title      = LCDB Data for (367943) Duende
  |publisher  = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
  |url        = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=367943%7CDuende
  |access-date = 20 February 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="Terai-2014">{{Cite journal
  |display-authors = 6
  |first1     = Tsuyoshi |last1 = Terai
  |first2     = Seitaro |last2 = Urakawa
  |first3     = Jun |last3 = Takahashi
  |first4     = Fumi |last4 = Yoshida
  |first5     = Goichi |last5 = Oshima
  |first6     = Kenta |last6 = Aratani
  |first7     = Hisaki |last7 = Hoshi
  |first8     = Taiki |last8 = Sato
  |first9     = Kazutoshi |last9 = Ushioda
  |first10    = Yumiko |last10 = Oasa
  |date       = November 2013
  |title      = Time-series photometry of Earth flyby asteroid 2012 DA14
  |journal    = Astronomy and Astrophysics
  |volume     = 559
  |page       = 4
  |bibcode    = 2013A&A...559A.106T
  |doi        = 10.1051/0004-6361/201322158
  |arxiv= 1310.0577|s2cid = 118658921 }}</ref>

<ref name="de-Leon-2014">{{Cite journal
  |display-authors = 6
  |first1     = J. |last1 = de León
  |first2     = J. L. |last2 = Ortiz
  |first3     = N. |last3 = Pinilla-Alonso
  |first4     = A. |last4 = Cabrera-Lavers
  |first5     = A. |last5 = Alvarez-Candal
  |first6     = N. |last6 = Morales
  |first7     = R. |last7 = Duffard
  |first8     = P. |last8 = Santos-Sanz
  |first9     = J. |last9 = Licandro
  |first10    = A. |last10 = Pérez-Romero
  |first11    = V. |last11 = Lorenzi
  |first12    = S. |last12 = Cikota
  |date       = July 2013
  |title      = Visible and near-infrared observations of asteroid 2012 DA14 during its closest approach of February 15, 2013
  |journal    = Astronomy and Astrophysics
  |volume     = 555
  |page       = 5
  |bibcode    = 2013A&A...555L...2D
  |doi        = 10.1051/0004-6361/201321373
  |arxiv      = 1303.0554
  |s2cid = 55096537 }}</ref>

<ref name="Gary-2013a">{{Cite journal
  |author     = Gary, Bruce L.
  |date       = July 2013
  |title      = Asteroid 2012 DA14 Rotation Light Curve
  |journal    = The Minor Planet Bulletin
  |volume     = 40
  |issue      = 3
  |pages      = 122–124
  |issn       = 1052-8091
  |bibcode    = 2013MPBu...40..122G
  }}</ref>

<ref name="Elenin-2013">{{Cite journal
  |first1     = Leonid |last1 = Elenin
  |first2     = Igor |last2 = Molotov
  |date       = October 2013
  |title      = Lightcurve Analysis of Extremely Close Near-Earth Asteroid - 2012 DA14
  |journal    = The Minor Planet Bulletin
  |volume     = 40
  |issue      = 4
  |pages      = 187–188
  |issn       = 1052-8091
  |bibcode    = 2013MPBu...40..187E
  }}</ref>

<ref name="Urakawa-2013">{{Cite journal
  |first1     = Seitaro |last1 = Urakawa
  |first2     = Mitsugu |last2 = Fujii
  |first3     = Hidekazu |last3 = Hanayama
  |first4     = Jun |last4 = Takahashi
  |first5     = Tsuyoshi |last5 = Terai
  |first6     = Osamu |last6 = Ohshima
  |date       = August 2013
  |title      = Visible Spectroscopic Observations of a Near-Earth Object, 2012 DA14
  |journal    = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
  |volume     = 65
  |issue      = 4
  |page       = 3
  |bibcode    = 2013PASJ...65L...9U
  |doi        = 10.1093/pasj/65.4.L9
  |arxiv      = 1306.2111
  }}</ref>

<ref name="removed">{{cite web
  |title=Date/Time Removed
  |publisher=NASA/JPL Near-Earth Object Program Office
  |url=http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/risk/removed.html
  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020602101400/http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/risk/removed.html
  |url-status=dead
  |archive-date=2002-06-02
  |access-date=2013-02-16}}</ref>

<ref name="news174">{{cite web
  |date=March 6, 2012
  |title=Near-Earth Asteroid {{mp|2012 DA|14}} to Miss Earth on February 15, 2013
  |publisher=NASA/JPL Near-Earth Object Program Office
  |author=Paul Chodas
  |author2=Jon Giorgini
  |author3=Don Yeomans
  |name-list-style=amp
  |url=http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news174.html
  |access-date=2012-03-06
  |archive-date=24 December 2013
  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224221111/http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news174.html
  |url-status=dead
  }}</ref>

<ref name="jsr">{{cite web
  |date=2013-02-10
  |title=Closest approaches of {{mp|2012 DA|14}} to known satellites{{Snd}} no encounter is closer than ~2000&nbsp;km
  |publisher=Jonathan's Space Report No. 674
  |url=http://planet4589.org/space/jsr/jsr.html
  |access-date=2013-02-11}}</ref>

<ref name="NEODyS2013">{{cite web
  |title={{mp|2012 DA|14}} Ephemerides for 15 February 2013
  |publisher=NEODyS (Near Earth Objects{{Snd}} Dynamic Site)
  |url=https://newton.spacedys.com/neodys/index.php?pc=1.1.3.1&n=367943&oc=500&y0=2013&m0=2&d0=15&h0=13&mi0=0&y1=2013&m1=2&d1=16&h1=6&mi1=0&ti=30&tiu=minutes
  |access-date=2013-01-10}}</ref>

<ref name="Goldstone">{{cite web
  |date=2013-01-13
  |title={{mp|2012 DA|14}} Goldstone Radar Observations Planning
  |publisher=NASA/JPL Asteroid Radar Research
  |author=Dr. Lance A. M. Benner
  |url=http://echo.jpl.nasa.gov/asteroids/2012DA14/2012DA14_planning.html
  |access-date=2013-01-15}}</ref>

<ref name="Horizons">{{cite web
  |author=[[Astronomy:JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System|Horizons]] output
  |url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=sb&sstr=2012DA14
  |title=Horizon Online Ephemeris System
  |access-date=2013-01-10}} ("Ephemeris Type: Elements" PR value)</ref>

<ref name="NEOWISE2011-304">{{cite web
  |date=29 September 2011
  |title=WISE Revises Numbers of Asteroids Near Earth
  |publisher=NASA/JPL
  |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/WISE/multimedia/gallery/neowise/pia14734.html
  |access-date=2012-03-06}}</ref>

<ref name="Earth-impact">{{cite web
  |date=2010
  |title=Earth Impact Effects Program
  |publisher=Imperial College London / Purdue University
  |author=Robert Marcus
  |author2=H. Jay Melosh
  |author3=Gareth Collins
  |name-list-style=amp
  |url=http://impact.ese.ic.ac.uk/ImpactEffects/
  |access-date=2013-02-09}} (solution using 45 meters, 2600 kg/m<sup>3</sup>, 12.7&nbsp;km/s, 45 degrees)</ref>

<ref name="Sandia">{{cite web
  |date=2007-12-17
  |title=Sandia supercomputers offer new explanation of Tunguska disaster
  |publisher=[[Organization:Sandia National Laboratories|Sandia National Laboratories]]
  |url=http://www.sandia.gov/news/resources/releases/2007/asteroid.html
  |access-date=2007-12-22
  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080118093228/http://www.sandia.gov/news/resources/releases/2007/asteroid.html
  |archive-date=2008-01-18
  |url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="jpl-close">{{cite web
  |type=2013-02-19 last obs (arc=362 days (Radar=7 obs); Uncertainty=0)
  |title=JPL Close-Approach Data: ({{mp|2012 DA|14}})
  |url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2012DA14;cad=1#cad
  |access-date=2013-02-19}}</ref>

<ref name="science">{{cite web
  |date=28 January 2013
  |title=Record Setting Asteroid Flyby
  |publisher=NASA Science
  |url=https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2013/28jan_2012da/
  |access-date=2013-01-29}}</ref>

<ref name="NASA-news-177">{{cite web
  |date=1 February 2013
  |title=Asteroid {{mp|2012 DA|14}} To Pass Very Close to the Earth on February 15, 2013
  |publisher=NASA/JPL Near-Earth Object Program Office
  |author=Paul Chodas
  |author2=Don Yeomans
  |name-list-style=amp 
  |url=http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news177.html
  |access-date=2013-02-01}}</ref>

<ref name="NASA-risk-archive">{{cite web|date=2012-08-25 |title=2012 DA14 Impact Risk |website=[[Organization:NASA|NASA]] Near-Earth Object Program |url=http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/risk/2012da14.html |access-date=2013-01-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120825105330/http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/risk/2012da14.html |archive-date=25 August 2012 }}</ref>

<ref name="SA2013">{{cite web
  |date=22 January 2013
  |title=Asteroid Hunter Gives an Update on the Threat of Near-Earth Objects
  |publisher=Scientific American
  |author=Will Ferguson
  |url=http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/2013/01/22/asteroid-hunter-gives-an-update-on-the-threat-of-near-earth-objects/
  |access-date=2013-01-23}}</ref>

<ref name="Plait">{{cite web
  |date=2013-02-19
  |title=An Asteroid's Parting Shot
  |publisher=Bad Astronomy blog
  |author=Phil Plait
  |url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/bad_astronomy/2013/02/19/near_earth_asteroid_2012_da14_seen_in_time_lapse_video.html
  |access-date=2013-02-19}}</ref>

<ref name="news130301">{{cite web
  |date=1 March 2013
  |title=Additional Details on the Large Fireball Event over Russia on Feb. 15, 2013 
  |publisher=NASA/JPL Near-Earth Object Program Office
  |author=Don Yeomans
  |author2=Paul Chodas
  |name-list-style=amp 
  |url=http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/news/fireball_130301.html
  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130306002358/http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/news/fireball_130301.html
  |url-status=dead
  |archive-date=6 March 2013
  |access-date=2013-03-02}}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-twitter">{{cite web |title=L. Johnson 2012 DA14 Update: radar images showing elongated object ~20x40m |publisher=Minor Planet Center |url=https://twitter.com/MinorPlanetCtr/status/303474304794886144}}</ref>

<ref name="Tri-City-Herald">{{cite web|url=http://www.tri-cityherald.com/2013/02/15/2277407/earth-remains-safe-for-now-but.html|title=Earth remains safe for now—but what about next asteroid?|work=tri-cityherald|access-date=2 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402152515/http://www.tri-cityherald.com/2013/02/15/2277407/earth-remains-safe-for-now-but.html|archive-date=2 April 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="meteor">{{cite web|title=Russia Meteor Not Linked to Asteroid Flyby|url=http://www.nasa.gov/topics/solarsystem/features/russianmeteor.html|publisher=NASA|access-date=15 February 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="ESA">{{cite web|url=http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Operations/Russian_asteroid_strike|title=Russian Asteroid Strike|work=ESA.int|access-date=16 February 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="Spacedaily">[http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/NASA_Releases_Radar_Movie_of_Asteroid_2012_DA14_999.html SPACE DAILY]</ref>

}} <!-- end of reflist -->

== External links ==
* [http://www.virtualtelescope.eu/2013/02/16/asteroid-2012-da14-very-close-encounter-an-exceptional-sequence/ {{mp|2012 DA|14}} around the time of its minimum distance from the Earth] (Virtual Telescope Project, 15 February 2013)
* [http://vimeo.com/59789723# Video: Fly by], 15 February 2013
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VsBUZy1ZCYQ Asteroid {{mp|2012 DA|14}} to Safely Pass Earth] (JPLnews video, 4 February 2013)
* [http://www.planetary.org/blogs/bruce-betts/20130203-Guide-to-2012-DA14.html Guide to Asteroid {{mp|2012 DA|14}} Super Close Approach] (Bruce Betts, 4 February 2013, includes video)
* [https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2012+DA14;orb=1 Physical characteristics of {{mp|2012 DA|14}}], nasa.gov
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120825105330/http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/risk/2012da14.html {{mp|2012 DA|14}} Earth Impact Risk Summary], nasa.gov
* [https://archive.today/20130414114809/http://www.clayobservatory.org/press-releases/student-led-team-to-offer-real-time-video-of-asteroid-2012-da14/ Real-time video of asteroid {{mp|2012 DA|14}} passing Earth] (Clay Center Observatory, beginning 6 p.m. EST on 15 February 2013)
* [http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2012/03/04/no-asteroid-2012-da14-will-not-hit-us-next-year/ No, asteroid {{mp|2012 DA|14}} will not hit us next year] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306223639/http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2012/03/04/no-asteroid-2012-da14-will-not-hit-us-next-year/ |date=6 March 2012 }}, Bad Astronomy blog ([[Biography:Phil Plait|Phil Plait]], 4 March 2012)
* [http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2012/03/08/cool-animation-showing-asteroid-da-14s-near-miss-next-year/ Cool animation showing asteroid DA 14′s near miss next year] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311034108/http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2012/03/08/cool-animation-showing-asteroid-da-14s-near-miss-next-year/ |date=11 March 2012 }}, Bad Astronomy blog (Phil Plait, 8 March 2012)
* [http://astrobob.areavoices.com/2012/03/06/2012-da14-sparks-asteroid-fever-plus-vesta-in-3-d {{mp|2012 DA|14}} sparks asteroid fever] (Astro Bob, 6 March 2012)
* [http://www.esa.int/SPECIALS/SSA/SEMWTUAYLZG_0.html Near-miss asteroid will return next year] (ESA{{Snd}} 15 March 2012)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120324110432/http://www.oam.es/Asteroid_2012DA14.htm Discovery of {{mp|2012 DA|14}}] (Jaime Nomen for OAM team{{Snd}} La Sagra Sky Survey), includes animated discovery images
* [https://groups.io/g/mpml/message/26459 {{mp|2012 DA|14}} orbit calculation with a 3 day observation arc] (mpml : 26 February 2012)
* [http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/mpml/message/26823 Meteoroid hazard to satellites comes overwhelmingly from the marbles, not the mountains]{{dead link|date=December 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} (mpml : 26 March 2012)
* [http://www.brera.mi.astro.it/sormano/teca.html Table of next close approaches] (Sormano Astronomical Observatory)
* [http://www.brera.mi.astro.it/sormano/sael.html SAEL – Small Asteroid Encounter List] (Sormano Astronomical Observatory)
* {{NeoDys|367943}}
* {{ESA-SSA|367943|Duende}}
* {{JPL small body}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-bef|before={{mpl|2011 XC|2}}}}
{{s-ttl|title=Large [[Astronomy:Near-Earth object|NEO]] Earth close approach<br />(inside the orbit of the Moon)|years=15 February 2013}}
{{s-aft|after={{mpl|(153814) 2001 WN|5}}}}
{{end}}

{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{2013 in space}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Duende}}
[[Category:Aten asteroids|367943]]
[[Category:Atira asteroids|367943]]
[[Category:Named minor planets]]
[[Category:Radar-imaged asteroids|367943]]

{{Sourceattribution|367943 Duende}}