View source for Astronomy:152830 Dinkinesh

{{Short description|Main belt asteroid target of the Lucy mission}}
 <!-- DISCLAIMER: The page numbers listed in the {{rp|page=}} templates refer to the actual publication page number, not the PDF page number -->
{{Infobox planet
 | minorplanet     = yes
 | name            = 152830 Dinkinesh
 | background      = #D6D6D6
 | image           = Dinkinesh First Look L'LORRI.png
 | image_scale      =
 | caption         = Dinkinesh and its satellite Selam imaged by the ''[[Engineering:Lucy (spacecraft)|Lucy]]'' spacecraft's L'LORRI camera
 | discovery_ref   = <ref name="jpldata" />
 | discoverer      = [[Astronomy:Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research|LINEAR]]
 | discovery_site  = Lincoln Lab ETS
 | discovered      = 4 November 1999
 | mpc_name        = (152830) Dinkinesh
 | alt_names       = {{mp|1999 VD|57}}{{·}}{{mp|2004 HJ|78}}{{·}}{{mp|2007 CB|63}}<ref name="MPC-object"/>
 | pronounced      = 
 | named_after     = [[Biology:Lucy (Australopithecus)|Dink’inesh]] (Lucy fossil)
 | mp_category     = main-belt<ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}{{small|([[Astronomy:Kirkwood gap|inner]])}}
 | orbit_ref       = &thinsp;<ref name="jpldata" />
 | epoch           = 25 February 2023 ([[Astronomy:Julian day|JD]] 2460000.5)
 | uncertainty     = 0
 | observation_arc = 23.06 [[Astronomy:Julian year|yr]] (8,422 days)
 | earliest_precovery_date = 15 October 1999
 | aphelion        = 2.437 [[Astronomy:Astronomical unit|AU]]
 | perihelion      = 1.946 AU
 | semimajor       = 2.191 AU
 | eccentricity    = 0.1120
 | period          = 3.24 yr (1,185 days)
 | mean_anomaly    = 25.239[[Degree (angle)|°]]
 | mean_motion     = {{Deg2DMS|0.3038538|sup=ms}} / day
 | inclination     = 2.094°
 | asc_node        = 21.380°
 | arg_peri        = 66.711°
 | satellites      = 1
 | physical_ref    = 
 | dimensions      = 
 | mean_diameter   = {{val|790|u=m}} (primary)<ref name="NASA-20231102"/>
 | mass            = 
 | density         = 
 | rotation        = {{val|52.67|0.04|u=h}}<ref name="Mottola2023-06"/><ref name="Mottola2023-09"/> (satellite orbital period?){{citation needed|date=November 2023}}
 | pole_ecliptic_lon = 
 | pole_ecliptic_lat = 
 | axial_tilt      = 
 | albedo          = {{val|0.27|0.25|0.06}}<ref name="McFadden2023"/>
 | spectral_type   = [[Astronomy:S-type asteroid|Sq]]<ref name="Bolin2023"/><ref name="deLeon2023"/><br/>[[Astronomy:Asteroid spectral types#Color indices|V–R]] = {{val|0.455|0.025}}<ref name="Mottola2023-09"/>
 | abs_magnitude   = {{nowrap|{{val|17.62|0.04}} ([[Astronomy:Photometric system|V-band]])<ref name="Bolin2023"/><ref name="Mottola2023-09"/>{{rp|page=L3}}}}
}}

'''152830 Dinkinesh''' ([[Astronomy:Provisional designation|provisional designation]] '''{{mp|1999 VD|57}}''') is a [[Astronomy:Binary asteroid|binary]] main-belt asteroid about {{convert|790|m|ft|abbr=off|sigfig=2|sp=us}} in diameter. It was discovered by the [[Astronomy:Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research|Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research]] (LINEAR) survey at Socorro, New Mexico on 4 November 1999. Dinkinesh, the name borrowed from an Ethiopian word for the [[Biology:Lucy (Australopithecus)|Lucy fossil]], was the first [[Engineering:Flyby (spaceflight)|flyby]] target of [[Organization:NASA|NASA]]'s [[Engineering:Lucy (spacecraft)|''Lucy'' mission]], which approached {{cvt|425|km|mi}} from the asteroid on 1 November 2023.<ref name="NASA-20230911"/> During the flyby, the ''Lucy'' spacecraft discovered that Dinkinesh has a [[Astronomy:Contact binary (small Solar System body)|contact-binary]] [[Astronomy:Minor-planet moon|natural satellite]] named Selam, which is {{convert|220|m|ft|sp=us}} in diameter. Dinkinesh is the smallest main-belt asteroid explored by spacecraft yet, though some smaller [[Astronomy:Near-Earth asteroid|near-Earth asteroid]]s have also been explored.

== Discovery and observational history ==
Dinkinesh was discovered on 4 November 1999 by the [[Astronomy:Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research|Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research]] (LINEAR) sky survey at Socorro, New Mexico.<ref name="MPC-object"/> The discovery observations were published by the [[Organization:Minor Planet Center|Minor Planet Center]] (MPC) on 23 November 1999 and the asteroid was given the [[Astronomy:Minor planet|minor planet]] [[Astronomy:Provisional designation|provisional designation]] {{mp|1999 VD|57}}, which describes its discovery year, month, and discovery order within the month.<ref name="MPS7496"/> The LINEAR and [[Astronomy:Spacewatch|Spacewatch]] (Kitt Peak, Arizona) surveys continued observing Dinkinesh until 15 November 1999, after which the asteroid became [[Astronomy:Lost minor planet|lost]] and went unrecognized for years.<ref name="MPC-object"/>

On 19 April 2004, Spacewatch reobserved Dinkinesh as a seemingly new asteroid, but misattributed these observations to those of another unrelated asteroid, {{mp|2004 GZ|43}}, which was discovered by the same survey on 12 April 2004.<ref name="MPC-object"/><ref name="MPS105236"/> Dinkinesh was again reobserved as a seemingly new asteroid on 15 and 17 February 2007 by [[Organization:Palomar Observatory|Palomar Observatory]]'s [[Organization:Near-Earth Asteroid Tracking|Near-Earth Asteroid Tracking]] (NEAT) survey at San Diego County, California, which led the MPC to give Dinkinesh the provisional designation {{mp|2007 CB|63}} on 25 February 2007.<ref name="MPC-object"/><ref name="MPS200485"/> [[Biography:Gareth V. Williams|Gareth V. Williams]], the associate director of the MPC at the time, recognized that {{mp|1999 VD|57}} and {{mp|2007 CB|63}} were the same asteroid and published the linkage on 2 March 2007.<ref name="MPEC-2007-E01"/><ref name="MPO116514"/> The linkage between Dinkinesh's 1999 and 2007 observations enabled the MPC to find additional observations from 2001–2007, where the asteroid was previously detected unknowingly.<ref name="MPS201406"/><ref name="MPO115681"/> The linkage and additional observations extended Dinkinesh's [[Astronomy:Observation arc|observation arc]] to over 7 years and greatly [[Astronomy:Orbit determination|reduced uncertainties in its orbit]]. This allowed the MPC to give Dinkinesh its permanent [[Astronomy:Minor-planet designation|minor planet catalog number]] 152830 on 2 April 2007.<ref name="MPC59323"/><ref name="MPO116514"/> [[Astronomy:Precovery|Pre-discovery]] LINEAR observations of Dinkinesh from 15 October 1999 were later identified and published on 19 August 2007, extending the observation arc by another 5 years.<ref name="MPS213622"/>

On 3 March 2007, the MPC established that Spacewatch's 2004 observations of Dinkinesh were not of {{mp|2004 GZ|43}}, and thus redesignated these observations as {{mp|2004 HJ|78}}.<ref name="MPC58994"/> However, the MPC did not recognize that {{mp|2004 HJ|78}} was Dinkinesh until Gareth Williams made the linkage and published it on 9 February 2009.<ref name="MPC64979"/>

== Name ==
''Dinkinesh'' is the [[Social:Amharic|Ethiopia]]n name for the [[Biology:Lucy (Australopithecus)|Lucy fossil]], after which [[Organization:NASA|NASA]]'s ''[[Engineering:Lucy (spacecraft)|Lucy]]'' mission is named.<ref name="SN-20230125"/> The name means "you are wonderful" in the [[Social:Amharic|Amharic]] language ({{lang|am|ድንቅነሽ}}).<ref name="WGSBN-V3-2"/><ref name="SciTechDaily-20230301"/> "Din(i)k’i" means "wonderful"<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indifferentlanguages.com/words/wonderful/amharic |title=How to Say Wonderful in Amharic |access-date=29 October 2023 |archive-date=29 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029042836/https://www.indifferentlanguages.com/words/wonderful/amharic |url-status=live }}</ref> and "nesh" means "you are" in feminine form of this pronoun and verb.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://static1.squarespace.com/static/58d6b5f4e3df283d54bf151e/t/5a7125e1e4966be6e6de299b/1517364706102/3+-+Helpful+Amharic+Words+%26+Phrases.pdf |title=Helpful Amharic Words & Phrases |access-date=29 October 2023 |archive-date=29 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029045439/https://static1.squarespace.com/static/58d6b5f4e3df283d54bf151e/t/5a7125e1e4966be6e6de299b/1517364706102/3+-+Helpful+Amharic+Words+%26+Phrases.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The asteroid was unnamed when it was selected for exploration by the ''Lucy'' spacecraft, so the ''Lucy'' mission team proposed the name Dinkinesh to the [[Organization:International Astronomical Union|International Astronomical Union]]'s Working Group for Small Bodies Nomenclature (WGSBN), which approved and announced the name on 6 February 2023.<ref name="SN-20230125"/><ref name="WGSBN-V3-2"/>

== Orbit ==
Dinkinesh orbits the Sun in the [[Astronomy:Kirkwood gap|inner]] [[Astronomy:Asteroid belt|main asteroid belt]] on an elliptical orbit with an average distance of 
2.19&nbsp;[[Astronomy:Astronomical unit|astronomical unit]]s ({{convert|328|e6km|e6mi|abbr=unit|disp=comma}}) and an [[Astronomy:Orbital period|orbital period]] of 3.24 years.<ref name="jpldata"/> With an [[Astronomy:Orbital eccentricity|orbital eccentricity]] of 0.112, Dinkinesh comes as close as {{convert|1.95|AU|e6km e6mi|abbr=unit}} from the Sun at perihelion to as far as {{convert|2.44|AU|e6km e6mi|abbr=unit}} at aphelion.<ref name="jpldata"/> The asteroid's orbit is [[Astronomy:Orbital inclination|inclined]] 2.1° with respect to the [[Astronomy:Ecliptic|plane of the Solar System]].<ref name="jpldata"/> Dinkinesh is possibly a member of the [[Astronomy:Flora family|Flora family]], a group of asteroids that share similar orbital characteristics as the family's parent asteroid [[Astronomy:8 Flora|8 Flora]].<ref name="McFadden2023"/>{{rp|page=5}}

== Exploration ==
[[File:Asteroid_(152830)_1999_VD57_Lucy_flyby_diagram.webp|thumb|upright=2|Orbit diagram of ''Lucy''{{'s}} flyby of Dinkinesh ({{mp|1999 VD|57}}) on 1 November 2023]]
[[File:Dinkinesh opnav blink crop Sep 2023.gif|thumb|First images of Dinkinesh (circled) by the ''Lucy'' spacecraft in September 2023]]
The ''Lucy'' spacecraft made a [[Engineering:Flyby (spaceflight)|flyby]] of Dinkinesh from a distance of {{cvt|425|km|mi}} on 1 November 2023 16:54 [[UTC]].<ref name="NASA-20231101"/> ''Lucy''{{'}}s flyby of Dinkinesh was announced by NASA and the ''Lucy'' science team on 25 January 2023, more than one year after ''Lucy'' had launched in October 2021.<ref name="NASA-20230125"/> The asteroid was initially overlooked as a potential flyby target because it was too small.<ref name="NASA-20230125"/> It was identified in August 2022 by Raphael Marschall, mission collaborator of the Nice Observatory, who investigated 500,000 asteroids for potential close approaches with the spacecraft.<ref name="NASA-20230125"/><ref name="Spencer2023b"/> The original trajectory of ''Lucy'' took it within {{cvt|64000|km|mi}} of Dinkinesh, but a series of planned [[Astronomy:Orbital maneuver|trajectory correction maneuver]]s from May to September 2023 allowed ''Lucy'' to approach much closer.<ref name="NASA-20230125"/><ref name="NASA-20230518"/><ref name="NASA-20231013"/>

Dinkinesh was ''Lucy''{{'}}s first and smallest asteroid flyby during its mission, and is the smallest main-belt asteroid explored by spacecraft yet.<ref name="NASA-20230125"/> The Dinkinesh flyby served to test ''Lucy''{{'}}s autonomous tracking capabilities before it will apply them to its main science targets, the Jupiter trojans.<ref name="NASA-20230125"/><ref name="Spencer2023a"/> ''Lucy'' took its first images of Dinkinesh on 3–5 September 2023, when the asteroid was {{convert|23|e6km|e6mi|abbr=unit}} away from the spacecraft.<ref name="NASA-20230911"/> The spacecraft continued imaging Dinkinesh from afar to aid its optical navigation over the days before the flyby.<ref name="NASA-20230911"/> Because Dinkinesh is very small, ''Lucy'' did not resolve surface detail on Dinkinesh until the day of the flyby.<ref name="NASA-20230911"/> At closest approach, ''Lucy'' was moving {{cvt|4.5|km/s|mi/s}} relative to Dinkinesh and it was expected to take 2&nbsp;meters/pixel resolution images of the asteroid with the panchromatic L'LORRI imager, 15 m/pixel color images with the L'Ralph imager, and 24 m/pixel near-infrared spectra and thermal measurements with the L'TES [[Physics:Spectrometer|spectrometer]].<ref name="NASA-20230911"/><ref name="Spencer2023a"/> After the flyby, ''Lucy''{{'}}s L'LORRI instrument continued observing Dinkinesh for four days to measure the asteroid's [[Astronomy:Light curve|light curve]].<ref name="NASA-20231101"/>

== Satellite ==
[[File:Dinkinesh-family-portrait-2.png|thumb|Dinkinesh and Selam imaged six minutes after closest approach, revealing the satellite's contact binary shape]]
[[File:Ttcam1-deconv-2023305-dinkinesh-ql-cropped-north.gif|thumb|Dinkinesh and Selam imaged by ''Lucy''{{'}}s terminal tracking camera during approach. Selam's apparent motion is primarily due to the changing perspective during ''Lucy''{{'}}s approach.]]
[[File:MVIC Selam.jpg|thumb|Dinkinesh and Selam imaged in [[False color|false color]] by ''Lucy''{{'}}s L'Ralph imager]]
During the flyby, the ''Lucy'' spacecraft discovered that Dinkinesh has a [[Astronomy:Minor-planet moon|natural satellite]] {{cvt|220|m|ft}} in diameter.<ref name="NASA-20231102"/> The satellite is named '''[[Biology:Selam (Australopithecus)|Selam]]''' (full designation '''Dinkinesh I Selam'''), after the fossil remains of a three-year-old ''[[Biology:Australopithecus afarensis|Australopithecus afarensis]]'' female hominin (the same species as the Lucy fossil) found in Dikika, Ethiopia in 2000.<ref name="WGSBN-V3-16"/>{{rp|page=5}} Selam means "peace" in the Amharic language ({{lang|am|ሰላም}}) and it was proposed by Raphael Marschall.<ref name="NASA-20231129"/> The name was approved by the International Astronomical Union's WGSBN on 27 November 2023.<ref name="NASA-20231129"/><ref name="WGSBN-V3-16"/>{{rp|page=5}}

Together, Dinkinesh and Selam form a [[Astronomy:Binary asteroid|binary asteroid]] [[Astronomy:Binary system|system]]. Dinkinesh is the second binary main-belt asteroid explored by spacecraft, after [[Astronomy:243 Ida|243 Ida]] by ''[[Engineering:Galileo (spacecraft)|Galileo]]'' in 1993. The Dinkinesh binary system resembles the [[Astronomy:65803 Didymos|65803 Didymos]] [[Astronomy:Near-Earth asteroid|near-Earth asteroid]] binary system in size and composition, but differs in location from the Sun, which allows scientists to compare the nature of binary asteroids in different environments.<ref name="SA-20231103"/> In the weeks prior to the flyby, the ''Lucy'' spacecraft found that Dinkinesh's brightness did not vary as predicted, which provided the first hints of Dinkinesh's binary nature.<ref name="NASA-20231102"/><ref name="JHUAPL-20231102"/> Images of Selam taken after ''Lucy''{{'}}s approach revealed that it is a [[Astronomy:Contact binary (small Solar System body)|contact binary]] with two lobes attached to each other. While contact binary asteroids are common in the Solar System, Selam is the first known example of a contact binary satellite of an asteroid.<ref name="NASA-20231107"/>

=== Origin ===
Selam is expected to have a similar origin as the satellites of [[Astronomy:Rubble pile|rubble pile]] asteroids, which are thought to have originated from mass shedding events from the primary body in the past.<ref name="S&T-20231103"/> These mass shedding events occur when the asteroid rotates fast enough that material accumulates along the equator and becomes ejected into orbit by the [[Physics:Centrifugal force|centrifugal force]].<ref name="S&T-20231103"/><ref name="Hyodo2022"/> The ejected material forms a disk around the asteroid, which eventually coalesces into a satellite.<ref name="S&T-20231103"/> The uneven reflection of sunlight off an asteroid's surface, which is called the [[Astronomy:Yarkovsky–O'Keefe–Radzievskii–Paddack effect|Yarkovsky–O'Keefe–Radzievskii–Paddack (YORP) effect]], is responsible for rotationally accelerating asteroids to the point of mass shedding.<ref name="S&T-20231103"/> During a mass shedding event, the asteroid's [[Physics:Angular momentum|angular momentum]] is transferred to its ejected material, which slows down the asteroid's rotation rate as a result.<ref name="S&T-20231103"/>

One possible explanation for the origin of Selam's contact binary nature is rotational fissioning by the YORP effect.<ref name="Jacobson2011"/><ref name="UT-20231109"/> In this scenario, the fissioned satellite is split into two separate satellites in orbit around Dinkinesh, making it a triple asteroid system. This triple asteroid system is unstable due to chaotic [[Astronomy:Perturbation|gravitational perturbations]] between the satellites, and eventually leads to one of the satellites colliding with either the primary asteroid or the other satellite.<ref name="Jacobson2011"/>{{rp|page=170}} If the collision between two satellites occurs at slow enough speeds (less than {{cvt|50|mm/s|in/s|disp=or}}), the impact does not disrupt the shapes of the two bodies and instead forms a contact binary.<ref name="Jacobson2011"/>{{rp|page=167}}

== Physical characteristics ==
=== Geology ===
The surfaces of Dinkinesh and Selam are covered with boulders and [[Astronomy:Impact crater|crater]]s.<ref name="S&T-20231103"/> The outline of Dinkinesh's shape is not smooth, which suggests that the asteroid is relatively old.<ref name="SA-20231103"/> Dinkinesh bears an equatorial ridge, which suggests that the asteroid has experienced mass shedding in the past.<ref name="S&T-20231103"/> Dinkinesh's equatorial ridge also has a secondary [[Earth:Ridge|ridge]] that branches off it.<ref name="SA-20231103"/> Dinkinesh's shape resembles the near-Earth asteroids [[Astronomy:101955 Bennu|101955 Bennu]] and [[Astronomy:162173 Ryugu|162173 Ryugu]], which are known to have [[Astronomy:Rubble pile|rubble pile]] interior structures consisting of rocks and dust loosely held by gravity. Because of this similarity, Dinkinesh is thought to likely have a rubble pile structure as well.<ref name="S&T-20231103"/>

A ridge is also present on Selam, but it is not oriented along its equator.<ref name="SA-20231103"/> The reason for Selam's unaligned ridge remains yet to be determined.<ref name="SA-20231103"/>

=== Surface composition ===
[[File:Dinkinesh spectrum de Leon 2023 Fig1.png|thumb|Visible light spectrum of Dinkinesh (gray) compared to the spectra of S-, Sq-, and Sv-type asteroids (red, orange, and yellow, respectively)]]
[[Physics:Visible spectrum|Visible light]] [[Physics:Spectroscopy|spectroscopy]] of Dinkinesh by two independent teams of researchers in November–December 2022 showed that it is an [[Astronomy:S-type asteroid|S-type asteroid]], meaning it is mainly composed of rocky [[Chemistry:Silicate mineral|silicates]] and small amounts of metal.<ref name="deLeon2023"/>{{rp|page=1}}<ref name="Bolin2023"/> Spectral data obtained from the 10-meter [[Astronomy:W. M. Keck Observatory|Keck I telescope]] at [[Earth:Mauna Kea|Mauna Kea]], Hawaii indicates that Dinkinesh belongs to the Sq subclass of S-type asteroids because it exhibits the 1&nbsp;[[Micrometre|μm]] [[Chemistry:Olivine|olivine]] and [[Chemistry:Pyroxene|pyroxene]] [[Physics:Absorption band|spectral absorption band]] that is characteristically seen in [[Astronomy:Q-type asteroid|Q-type asteroid]]s.<ref name="Bolin2023"/><ref name="Palamakumbure2023"/>{{rp|pages=4, 6}} On the other hand, spectral data from the 8.1-meter Gemini South telescope at Cerro Pachón, Chile showed that Dinkinesh's spectrum more closely resembles a standard S-type asteroid with a shallower 1&nbsp;μm band.<ref name="Bolin2023"/> This difference between the two measured spectra of Dinkinesh may be caused by either observational [[Artifact (error)|artifacts]] or compositional variations across Dinkinesh's surface as it rotates.<ref name="Bolin2023"/> If the latter possibility is true, then Dinkinesh's varying 1&nbsp;μm band would indicate that there is [[Astronomy:Space weathering|space-weathered]] material that is unevenly distributed across its surface, likely due to [[Astronomy:Impact event|impacts]] and surface [[Earth:Topography|topography]].<ref name="Bolin2023"/>

=== Rotation and light curve ===
Dinkinesh rotates slowly with a [[Astronomy:Rotation period|period]] of {{val|52.67|0.04|u=h}}. As Dinkinesh rotates, its brightness from Earth fluctuates due to its non-spherical shape, which can be inferred from the [[Physics:Amplitude|amplitude]] of the asteroid's rotational [[Astronomy:Light curve|light curve]].<ref name="Mottola2023-06"/><ref name="Mottola2023-09"/> The first [[Astronomy:Photometry|photometric]] observations of Dinkinesh's rotational light curve were attempted with the Teide Observatory's 0.8-m IAC-80 telescope at [[Earth:Tenerife|Tenerife]], Spain in November 2022, but it did not observe Dinkinesh long enough to make conclusive findings.<ref name="deLeon2023"/>{{rp|page=4}} Longer photometric observations of Dinkinesh were made with the Calar Alto Observatory's 1.23-m telescope at Almería, Spain from November 2022–February 2023, which discovered that Dinkinesh rotates slowly and had a light curve amplitude of {{val|0.39|0.02}} [[Astronomy:Magnitude|magnitudes]].<ref name="Mottola2023-06"/><ref name="Mottola2023-09"/>{{rp|page=1}}

=== Diameter and albedo ===
''Lucy'' images of Dinkinesh show that it measures approximately {{cvt|790|m|ft}} across its equator.<ref name="NASA-20231102"/><ref name="S&T-20231103"/> This is in agreement with the previous diameter estimates from measured [[Astronomy:Absolute magnitude#Small Solar System bodies (H)|absolute magnitude]] and average S-type asteroid albedo.<ref name="Bolin2023" /><ref name="deLeon2023" /><ref name="Mottola2023-09" />  Reprocessing of archival [[Physics:Infrared|infrared]] [[Physics:Thermal radiation|thermal emission]] observations by the [[Astronomy:Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer|Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer]] (WISE) from March 2010 give a consistent result.<ref name="McFadden2023"/><ref name="S&T-20231103"/> 

{{clear|left}}

== See also ==
* [[Astronomy:52246 Donaldjohanson|52246 Donaldjohanson]], ''Lucy''{{'}}s next flyby target in 2025
* List of minor planets and comets visited by spacecraft

== References ==
{{reflist|refs=

<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
  |type       = 2022-11-05 last obs.
  |title      = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 152830 Dinkinesh (1999 VD57)
  |url        = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=2152830
  |publisher  = [[Organization:Jet Propulsion Laboratory|Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
  |accessdate = 25 January 2023
  |archive-date = 18 November 2022
  |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221118233034/https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=2152830
  |url-status = live}}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web
  |title      = (152830) Dinkinesh = 2004 HJ78 = 1999 VD57 = 2007 CB63
  |url        = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=152830
  |publisher  = Minor Planet Center
  |accessdate = 25 January 2023
  |archive-date = 13 March 2023
  |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230313010020/https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=152830
  |url-status = live}}</ref>

<ref name="MPS7496">{{cite web
  |title      = M. P. S. 7496
  |url        = https://minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/1990/MPC_19900608.pdf
  |work       = Minor Planet Circulars Supplement
  |publisher  = Minor Planet Center
  |date       = 23 November 1999
  |issue      = 7496
  |page       = 284
  |accessdate = 13 September 2023
  |url-status = live
  |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230913073229/https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/1999/MPS_19991123.pdf
  |archive-date = 13 September 2023}}</ref>

<ref name="MPS105236">{{cite web
  |title      = M. P. S. 105236
  |url        = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/2004/MPS_20040425.pdf
  |work       = Minor Planet Circulars Supplement
  |publisher  = Minor Planet Center
  |date       = 25 April 2004
  |issue      = 105236
  |page       = 414
  |accessdate = 13 September 2023
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  |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170828090526/https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/2004/MPS_20040425.pdf
  |archive-date = 28 August 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="MPS200485">{{cite web
  |title      = M. P. S. 200485
  |url        = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/2007/MPS_20070225.pdf
  |work       = Minor Planet Circulars Supplement
  |publisher  = Minor Planet Center
  |date       = 25 February 2007
  |issue      = 200485
  |page       = 253
  |accessdate = 13 September 2023
  |url-status = live
  |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171004165513/http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/2007/MPS_20070225.pdf
  |archive-date = 4 October 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="MPEC-2007-E01">{{cite web
  |title      = MPEC 2007-E01 : DAILY ORBIT UPDATE (2007 MAR. 2 UT)
  |url        = https://minorplanetcenter.net/mpec/K07/K07E01.html
  |work       = Minor Planet Electronic Circulars
  |publisher  = Minor Planet Center
  |date       = 2 March 2007
  |accessdate = 13 September 2023
  |archive-date = 8 November 2023
  |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231108114513/https://minorplanetcenter.net/mpec/K07/K07E01.html
  |url-status = live}}</ref>

<ref name="MPC58994">{{cite web
  |title      = M. P. C. 58994
  |url        = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/2007/MPC_20070303.pdf
  |work       = Minor Planet Circulars
  |publisher  = Minor Planet Center
  |date       = 3 March 2007
  |issue      = 58994
  |page       = 4
  |accessdate = 13 September 2023
  |url-status = live
  |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170828072723/http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/2007/MPC_20070303.pdf
  |archive-date = 28 August 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="MPS201406">{{cite web
  |title      = M. P. S. 201406
  |url        = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/2007/MPS_20070303.pdf
  |work       = Minor Planet Circulars Supplement
  |publisher  = Minor Planet Center
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<ref name="Jacobson2011">{{cite journal
  |first1     = Seth A. |last1 = Jacobson
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<ref name="Hyodo2022">{{cite journal
  |first1     = Ryuki |last1 = Hyodo
  |first2     = Keisuke |last2 = Sugiura
  |title      = Formation of Moons and Equatorial Ridge around Top-shaped Asteroids after Surface Landslide
  |journal    = The Astrophysical Journal Letters
  |date       = October 2022
  |volume     = 937
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<ref name="NASA-20230125">{{cite web
  |title      = NASA's Lucy Team Announces New Asteroid Target
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  |first      = Jessica
  |last       = Evans
  |publisher  = NASA
  |date       = 25 January 2023
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<ref name="SN-20230125">{{cite news
  |title      = NASA adds asteroid flyby to Lucy mission
  |url        = https://spacenews.com/nasa-adds-asteroid-flyby-to-lucy-mission/
  |first      = Jeff
  |last       = Foust
  |work       = SpaceNews
  |date       = 26 January 2023
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  |archive-date = 8 November 2023
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<ref name="WGSBN-V3-2">{{cite journal
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  |volume     = 3
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<ref name="SciTechDaily-20230301">{{cite news
  |title      = Introducing "Dinkinesh" – First Asteroid Target for NASA's Lucy Mission Gets a Name
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<ref name="deLeon2023">{{cite journal
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  |first6     = M. |last6 = Popescu
  |title      = Characterisation of the new target of the NASA Lucy mission: asteroid 152830 Dinkinesh (1999 VD57)
  |journal    = Astronomy & Astrophysics
  |date       = April 2023
  |volume     = 672
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<ref name="Palamakumbure2023">{{cite journal
  |first1     = Lakshika |last1 = Palamakumbure
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  |title      = Simulation of Space Weathering on Asteroid Spectra through Hydrogen Ion Irradiation of Meteorites
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<ref name="Spencer2023a">{{cite conference
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  |title      = Planning Close Encounter Science Observations for the ''Lucy'' Mission
  |url        = https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/acm2023/pdf/2456.pdf
  |conference = Asteroids, Comets, Meteors Conference 2023
  |publisher  = Lunar and Planetary Institute
  |issue      = 2851
  |id         = 2456
  |date       = June 2023
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<ref name="Mottola2023-06">{{cite conference
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  |first7     = H. F. |last7 = Levison
  |title      = Pre-Encounter Characterization of the ''Lucy'' Target (152830) Dinkinesh
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  |conference = Asteroids, Comets, Meteors Conference 2023
  |publisher  = Lunar and Planetary Institute
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<ref name="Bolin2023">{{cite journal
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  |title      = Keck and Gemini spectral characterization of Lucy mission fly-by target (152830) Dinkinesh
  |journal    = Icarus
  |date       = August 2023
  |volume     = 400
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<ref name="Mottola2023-09">{{cite journal
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  |first7     = Harold F. |last7 = Levison
  |title      = Characterizing asteroid (152830) Dinkinesh in preparation for the encounter with the NASA Lucy mission: a photometric study
  |journal    = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters
  |date       = September 2023
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<ref name="NASA-20230911">{{cite web
  |title       = NASA's Lucy Spacecraft Captures its 1st Images of Asteroid Dinkinesh
  |url         = https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2023/nasa-s-lucy-spacecraft-captures-its-1st-images-of-asteroid-dinkinesh
  |first       = Katherine |last = Kretke
  |publisher   = NASA
  |date        = 11 September 2023
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  |url-status  = live}}</ref>

<ref name="McFadden2023">{{cite journal
  |display-authors = etal
  |first1     = Kiana D. |last1 = McFadden
  |first2     = Amy K. |last2 = Mainzer
  |first3     = Joseph R. |last3 = Masiero
  |first4     = James M. |last4 = Bauer
  |first5     = Roc M. |last5 = Cutri
  |first6     = Dar |last6 = Dahlen
  |title      = Size and Albedo Constraints for (152830) Dinkinesh Using WISE Data
  |journal    = Astrophysical Journal Letters
  |date       = November 2023
  |volume     = 957
  |issue      = 1
  |id         = L2
  |pages      = 6
  |doi-access = free
  |doi        = 10.3847/2041-8213/acff61
  |arxiv      = 2309.13158
  |bibcode    = 2023ApJ...957L...2M}}</ref>

<ref name="Spencer2023b">{{cite conference
  |display-authors = etal
  |first1     = J. |last1 = Spencer
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  |first4     = K. |last4 = Noll
  |first5     = J. |last5 = Salmon
  |first6     = R. |last6 = Marschall
  |title      = The Lucy Encounter with (152830) Dinkinesh
  |url        = https://submissions.mirasmart.com/DPS55/Itinerary/PresentationDetail.aspx?evdid=825
  |conference = 55th Annual DPS Meeting Joint with EPSC
  |location   = San Antonio, Texas
  |date       = October 2023
  |volume     = 55
  |id         = 102.06
  |bibcode    = 
  |access-date  = 2 October 2023
  |archive-date = 8 November 2023
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  |url-status   = live}}</ref>

<ref name="NASA-20230518">{{cite web
  |title      = NASA's Lucy Spacecraft Adjusts Course for Asteroid Flyby in November
  |url        = https://blogs.nasa.gov/lucy/2023/05/18/nasas-lucy-spacecraft-adjusts-course-for-asteroid-flyby-in-november/
  |first      = Erin |last = Morton
  |work       = NASA Blogs
  |publisher  = NASA
  |date       = 18 May 2023
  |accessdate = 21 October 2023
  |archive-date = 28 October 2023
  |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20231028052854/https://blogs.nasa.gov/lucy/2023/05/18/nasas-lucy-spacecraft-adjusts-course-for-asteroid-flyby-in-november/
  |url-status   = live}}</ref>

<ref name="NASA-20231013">{{cite web
  |title      = NASA's Lucy Spacecraft Continues Approach to Asteroid Dinkinesh
  |url        = https://science.nasa.gov/missions/lucy/nasas-lucy-spacecraft-continues-approach-to-asteroid-dinkinesh/
  |first      = Katherine |last = Kretke
  |publisher  = NASA
  |date       = 13 October 2023
  |accessdate = 21 October 2023
  |archive-date = 19 October 2023
  |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231019052130/https://science.nasa.gov/missions/lucy/nasas-lucy-spacecraft-continues-approach-to-asteroid-dinkinesh/
  |url-status = live}}</ref>

<ref name="NASA-20231101">{{cite web
  |title       = NASAs Lucy Spacecraft Hours Away from 1st Asteroid Encounter
  |url         = https://blogs.nasa.gov/lucy/2023/11/01/nasas-lucy-spacecraft-hours-away-from-1st-asteroid-encounter/
  |first       = Erin |last = Morton
  |work        = NASA Blogs
  |publisher   = NASA
  |date        = 1 November 2023
  |accessdate  = 1 November 2023
  |archive-date = 2 November 2023
  |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231102001611/https://blogs.nasa.gov/lucy/2023/11/01/nasas-lucy-spacecraft-hours-away-from-1st-asteroid-encounter/
  |url-status  = live}}</ref>

<ref name="NASA-20231102">{{cite web
  |title        = NASA's Lucy Spacecraft Discovers 2nd Asteroid During Dinkinesh Flyby
  |url          = https://www.nasa.gov/image-article/nasas-lucy-spacecraft-discovers-2nd-asteroid-during-dinkinesh-flyby/
  |first        = Katherine |last = Kretke
  |publisher    = NASA
  |date         = 2 November 2023
  |accessdate   = 2 November 2023
  |archive-date = 3 November 2023
  |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20231103065932/https://www.nasa.gov/image-article/nasas-lucy-spacecraft-discovers-2nd-asteroid-during-dinkinesh-flyby/
  |url-status   = live}}</ref>

<ref name="JHUAPL-20231102">{{cite web
  |title        = NASA's Lucy Mission Gets an Unexpected Twofer in First Asteroid Encounter
  |url          = https://www.jhuapl.edu/news/news-releases/231102-nasa-lucy-lorri-captures-unexpected-twofer-in-first-asteroid-encounter-dinkinesh
  |publisher    = Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory
  |date         = 2 November 2023
  |accessdate   = 2 November 2023
  |archive-date = 3 November 2023
  |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20231103021239/https://www.jhuapl.edu/news/news-releases/231102-nasa-lucy-lorri-captures-unexpected-twofer-in-first-asteroid-encounter-dinkinesh
  |url-status   = live}}</ref>

<ref name="S&T-20231103">{{cite news
  |title        = Lucy Mission Flies By Asteroid Dinkinesh, Finds a Little Surprise
  |url          = https://skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-news/lucy-mission-flies-by-asteroid-dinkinesh-finds-a-little-surprise/
  |first        = Emily |last = Lakdawalla
  |work         = Sky & Telescope
  |date         = 3 November 2023
  |accessdate   = 3 November 2023
  |archive-date = 3 November 2023
  |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20231103211054/https://skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-news/lucy-mission-flies-by-asteroid-dinkinesh-finds-a-little-surprise/
  |url-status   = live}}</ref>

<ref name="SA-20231103">{{cite news
  |title        = NASA Asteroid Mission Discovers Tiny Surprise Moon with 'Really Bizarre' Shape
  |url          = https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/nasa-asteroid-mission-discovers-tiny-surprise-moon-with-really-bizarre-shape/
  |first        = Meghan  |last = Bartels
  |work         = Scientific American
  |date         = 3 November 2023
  |accessdate   = 3 November 2023
  |archive-date = 3 November 2023
  |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20231103160810/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/nasa-asteroid-mission-discovers-tiny-surprise-moon-with-really-bizarre-shape/
  |url-status   = live}}</ref>

<ref name="NASA-20231107">{{cite web
  |title        = NASA's Lucy Surprises Again, Observes 1st-ever Contact Binary Orbiting Asteroid
  |url          = https://science.nasa.gov/missions/lucy/nasas-lucy-surprises-again-observes-1st-ever-contact-binary-orbiting-asteroid/
  |first        = Katherine |last = Kretke
  |publisher    = NASA
  |date         = 7 November 2023
  |accessdate   = 7 November 2023
  |archive-date = 7 November 2023
  |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20231107193335/https://science.nasa.gov/missions/lucy/nasas-lucy-surprises-again-observes-1st-ever-contact-binary-orbiting-asteroid/
  |url-status   = live}}</ref>

<ref name="UT-20231109">{{cite web
  |title        = What? Wow! That New Asteroid Image from Lucy Just Got Even More Interesting
  |url          = https://www.universetoday.com/164152/what-wow-that-new-asteroid-image-from-lucy-just-got-even-more-interesting/
  |first        = Collins |last = Petersen
  |work         = Universe Today
  |date         = 9 November 2023
  |accessdate   = 9 November 2023
  |archive-date = 10 November 2023
  |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20231110053455/https://www.universetoday.com/164152/what-wow-that-new-asteroid-image-from-lucy-just-got-even-more-interesting/
  |url-status   = live}}</ref>

<ref name="WGSBN-V3-16">{{cite journal
  |title      = ''WGSBN Bulletin'' 3, #16
  |url        = https://www.wgsbn-iau.org/files/Bulletins/V003/WGSBNBull_V003_016.pdf
  |journal    = WGSBN Bulletin
  |publisher  = International Astronomical Union
  |volume     = 3
  |issue      = 16
  |pages      = 12
  |date       = 27 November 2023
  |accessdate = 27 November 2023
  |archive-date = 28 November 2023
  |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231128012438/https://www.wgsbn-iau.org/files/Bulletins/V003/WGSBNBull_V003_016.pdf
  |url-status = live}}</ref>

<ref name="NASA-20231129">{{cite web
  |title      = Satellite Discovered by NASA's Lucy Mission Gets Name
  |url        = https://blogs.nasa.gov/lucy/2023/11/29/satellite-discovered-by-nasas-lucy-mission-gets-name/
  |first      = Erin |last = Morton
  |work       = NASA Blogs
  |publisher  = NASA
  |date       = 29 November 2023
  |accessdate = 29 November 2023
  |archive-date = 30 November 2023
  |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20231130013309/https://blogs.nasa.gov/lucy/2023/11/29/satellite-discovered-by-nasas-lucy-mission-gets-name/
  |url-status   = live}}</ref>

}}

== External links ==
{{Commons}}
* {{cite web|url=https://eyes.nasa.gov/apps/solar-system/#/sc_lucy/events/lucy_dinkinesh_flyby?time=2023-11-01T16:54:45.000+00:00 |title=Flyby of Dinkinesh Simulation|work=NASA's Eyes on the Solar System|publisher=NASA|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102054350/https://eyes.nasa.gov/apps/solar-system/#/sc_lucy/events/lucy_dinkinesh_flyby?time=2023-11-01T16:54:45.000+00:00|archive-date=2 November 2023}}
* {{AstDys|152830}}
* {{JPL small body}}

{{Solar System moons (compact)}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:152830}}
[[Category:Main-belt asteroids]]
[[Category:Named minor planets|Dinkinesh]]
[[Category:S-type asteroids]]
[[Category:Minor planets visited by spacecraft]]
[[Category:Binary asteroids]]

{{Sourceattribution|152830 Dinkinesh}}